1890 BEHRING, Emil Adolf von (1854 – 1917); KITASATO, Shibasaburō (1852 – 1931)
Ueber das Zustandekommen der Diphtherie-Immunität und der Tetanus-Immunität bei Thieren.
Antitoxins and their immunizing powers were discovered when Behring and Kitasato published their paper dealing with immunity to tetanus and diphtheria. This work laid the foundation of all future treatment with antito…
GMN 2544 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3562
1893 BEHRING, Emil Adolf von (1854 – 1917)
Die Behandlung der Diphtherie mit Diphtherieheilserum.
In 1890 Behring and Kitasato discovered the diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins (see No. 5060). The above papers deal more fully with the use of the diphtheria antitoxin.
GMN 5062 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5891
1894 ROUX, Pierre Paul Émile (1853 – 1933); MARTIN, André Louis François Justin (1853 – 1921)
Contribution à l’étude de la diphtérie (sérum thérapie).
Roux and Martin demonstrated the value of Behring’s specific antitoxin in the treatment of human diphtheria, and showed how it could be produced on a large scale.
GMN 5063 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5893
1897 EHRLICH, Paul (1854 – 1915)
Die Wertbestimmung des Diphtherieheilserums.
Ehrlich improved Behring’s diphtheria antitoxin through quantitative titration and established an international standard for this and other antitoxins. This was the beginning of the concept of biological standardizati…
GMN 5064 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5894
1913 SCHICK, Béla (1877 – 1967)
Die Diphtherietoxin – Hautreaktion des Menschen als Vorprobe der prophylaktischen Diphtherieheilseruminjektion.
Schick developed his test for use as an indication as to whether or not prophylactic injections of antitoxin are necessary in children already exposed to diphtheria. English translation in J. Mt. Sinai Hosp., 1938, 5,…
GMN 5066 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5897
1913 BEHRING, Emil Adolf von (1854 – 1917)
Ueber ein neues Diphtherieschutzmittel.
Toxin–antitoxin for immunization against diphtheria.
GMN 5067 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5899
1914 PARK, William Hallock (1863 – 1939); ET AL
Active immunization in diphtheria and treatment by toxin-antitoxin.
With A. Zingher and M. H. Serota. Park was an early advocate of diphtheria immunization with toxin-antitoxin. A second paper is in the same journal, 1915, 65, 2216-20.
GMN 5068 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5900
1924 DICK, George Frederick (1881 – 1967); DICK, Gladys Rowena Henry (1881 – 1963)
A scarlet fever antitoxin.
Following their successful attempts to establish individual susceptibility to scarlet fever, these workers prepared an antitoxin for immunization.
GMN 5083 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5951
1924 DOCHEZ, Alphonse Raymond (1882 – 1964); SHERMAN, Lillian
The significance of Streptococcus hemolyticus in scarlet fever and the preparation of a specific anti-scarlatinal serum by immunization of the horse to Streptococcus hemolyticus-scarlatinae.
Dochez and Sherman immunized a horse by repeated injections of scarlet fever toxin. A serum obtained from the horse blanched a scarlet fever rash and, when injected subcutaneously, caused marked amelioration of the ea…
GMN 5084 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5955
1928 RAMON, Gaston Léon (1886 – 1963)
L’anatoxine diphtérique. Ses propriétés–ses applications.
In 1923 Ramon so modified the diphtheria toxin with formaldehyde that it lost its toxic properties while retaining its antigenic virtues. This modified “anatoxin” (toxoid) superseded toxin–antitoxin as an immunizing a…
GMN 5070 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5909
