1867 WALES, Philip Skinner (1837 – 1906)
Mechanical therapeutics. A practical treatise on surgical apparatus, appliances, and elementary operations; embracing bandaging, minor surgery, orthopraxy, and the treatment of fractures and dislocations.
Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.
GMN 10718 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12912
1868 MOTT, Valentine (1785 – 1865); GROSS, Samuel David (1805 – 1884)
Memoir of Valentine Mott, M.D., LL.D., Professor of surgery in the University of the City of New York; member of the Institute of France.
An insightful biography written by a colleague in surgery. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.
GMN 12404 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14634
1869 RIZZOLI, Francesco (1809 – 1880)
Collezione della memorie chirurgiche ed ostetriche. 2 vols.
Rizzoli was Professor of Surgery at Bologna and an outstanding operative surgeon. He introduced a compressor for aneurysms, a tracheotome, cystotome, lithotrite, enterotome, osteoclast, and performed acupressure as ea…
GMN 5610 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7129
1870 LISTER, Joseph, 1st Baron Lister (1827 – 1912)
A method of antiseptic treatment applicable to wounded soldiers in the present war.
In 1870, for the first time on the battlefield, French and German army surgeons applied antiseptic methods in the management of wounds. Lister published the above short paper describing the simplest method he could de…
GMN 2170 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1163
1870 LISTER, Joseph, 1st Baron Lister (1827 – 1912)
On the effects of the antiseptic system of treatment upon the salubrity of a surgical hospital.
GMN 1619 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1937
1870 –1871 ANNANDALE, Thomas (1839 – 1908)
Case in which an intestinal obstruction was removed by the operation of gastrotomy.
GMN 3463.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5609
1870 MAURY, Frank Fontaine (1840 – 1879)
Case of stricture of the oesophagus in which gastrotomy was performed.
First gastrostomy for obstruction of the esophagus performed in America.
GMN 3464 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5613
1871 KLEBS, Theodor Albrecht Edwin (1834 – 1913)
Die Ursache der infectiösen Wundkrankheiten.
Klebs, Professor of Pathology at Berne, Würzburg, Prague, Zurich, and Chicago, preceded Koch in investigations of the pathology of traumatic infection. He found bacteria in gunshot wounds, granulation tissue, etc., an…
GMN 2535 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3522
1871 MARCY, Henry Orlando (1837 – 1924)
A new use of carbolized catgut ligatures.
Marcy was the first to stress the importance of reconstruction of the internal ring following reduction of the sac.
GMN 3592.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4414
1871 TRENDELENBURG, Friedrich (1844 – 1924)
Beiträge zu den Operationen an den Luftwegen.
Endotracheal anesthesia by means of a tracheostomy.
GMN 5669.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7332
1872 KLEBS, Theodor Albrecht Edwin (1834 – 1913)
Beiträge zur pathologischen Anatomie der Schusswunden.
Klebs filtered the discharges from gunshot wounds, found the filtrate to be non-infectious, and from that reasoned that traumatic septicemia is of bacterial origin. He was the first to filter bacteria and to experimen…
GMN 2173 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1207
1872 HEWSON, Addinell (1828 – 1889)
Earth as a topical application in surgery: Being a full exposition of Its use in all the cases requiring topical applications admitted in the men's and women's surgical wards of the Pennsylvania Hospital during a period of six Months in 1869.
Includes four "Photo-relief" (Woodburytype) plates. Possibly the only book on this subject. One may assume that the special earth contained some anti-bacterial mold such as penicillin. Digital facsimile from Google Bo…
GMN 9699 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11886
1873 ESMARCH, Johann Friedrich August von (1823 – 1908)
Ueber künstliche Blutleere bei Operationen.
Esmarch bandage for surgical hemostasis. English translation New Sydenham Society, 1876.
GMN 5611 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7130
1874 GUSSENBAUER, Carl (1842 – 1903)
Ueber die erste durch Th. Billroth am Menschen ausgeführte Kehlkopf-Exstirpation und die Anwendung eines künstlichen Kehlkopfes.
The first complete excision of the larynx for cancer, performed by Billroth on 31 December 1873 and reported by Gussenbauer. The patient left the hospital in good state on 3 March 1874. Also published in Arch. klin. C…
GMN 3282 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4009
1874 PAGET, Sir James (1814 – 1899)
On disease of the mammary areola preceding cancer of the mammary gland.
First description of “Paget’s disease of the nipple” –eczema of the nipple with cancer. The paper is reprinted in Med. Classics, 1936, 1, 75-78. Paget was Sergeant Surgeon to Queen Victoria, and a great surgical patho…
GMN 5772 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6805
1874 PEUGNET, Eugène (1843 – 1879)
The nature of gunshot wounds of the abdomen, and their treatment: Based on a review of the case of the late James Fisk, Jr., in its medico-legal aspects.
Peugnet argued that over-medication, and not the pistol shot, caused Fisk's death. Peugnet, a surgeon who had served in the American Civil War, died at the early age of 43, having been struck by a locomotive while abs…
GMN 7848 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10020
1874 BILLROTH, Christian Albert Theodor (1829 – 1894)
Untersuchungen über die Vegetationsformen von Coccobacteria septica und den Antheil, Welchen sie an der Enstehung und Verbreitung der accidentellen Wundkrankheiten Haben. Versuch einer wissenschaftlichen Kritik der verscheidenen Methoden antiseptischer Wundbehandlung.
Billroth provided the first account of streptocci wound infection, calling the bacteria Coccobacteria septica. When Billroth introduced antisepic techniques in his surgical practice the number of surgical patients wit…
GMN 12064 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14273
1875 JONES, Sydney (1831 – 1913)
Gastrostomy for stricture (cancerous?) of oesophagus; death from bronchitis forty days after operation.
Successful human gastrostomy by the older (Sédillot’s) method. Reported by S. Osborne.
GMN 3467 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5623
1875 VERNEUIL, Aristide Auguste Stanislaus (1823 – 1895)
De la forcipressure.
Introduction of forcipressure in the control of hemorrhage. Republished in book form, 1875.
GMN 5612 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7131
1876 GUSSENBAUER, Carl (1842 – 1903); WINIWARTER, Alexander von (1848 – 1917)
Die partielle Magenresektion; eine experimentelle operative Studie.
A practical method for excision of the pylorus, as demonstrated in dogs, was published by these two assistants of Billroth.
GMN 3467.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5627
1876 VERNEUIL, Aristide Auguste Stanislaus (1823 – 1895)
Observation de gastro-stomie pratiquée avec succès pour un rétrécissement cicatriciel infranchissable de l’oesophage.
Verneuil’s gastrostomy operation, a modification of Sédillot’s method.
GMN 3468 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5629
1876 FISCHER, Georg (1836 – 1921)
Chirurgie vor 100 Jahren; historische Studie.
Reprinted Berlin, Springer, 1978.
GMN 5794 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6878
1876 GROSS, Samuel David (1805 – 1884)
A century of American surgery.
The first serious history of American surgery to 1876. Also published in No. 6586.
GMN 5795 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6879
1876 LUCAS-CHAMPIONNIÈRE, Just-Marie-Marcellin (1843 – 1913)
Chirurgie antiseptique.
Lucas-Championnière, eminent French surgeon, was one of the first to adopt the principles of Listerism. He wrote the first authoritative work on antiseptic surgery and introduced antisepsis into France. First edition …
GMN 5636 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7247
1877 CZERNY, Vincenz (1842 – 1916)
Studien zur Radikalbehandlung der Hernien.
GMN 3593 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4415
1877 –1878 HIPPOCRATES, [Ἱπποκράτης; Hippocrates of Kos] (-460 – -370); PÉTREQUIN, Joseph Pierre Eléonord (1809 – 1876)
Chirurgie d’Hippocrate. 2 vols
A Greek-French edition with extensive notes and commentaries by J. E. Pétrequin, surgeon-in-chief of the Hôtel-Dieu of Lyon. Operations attributed to Hippocrates included trephination and paracentesis; his most import…
GMN 4850.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6814
1877 –1888 VERNEUIL, Aristide Auguste Stanislaus (1823 – 1895)
Mémoires de chirurgie. 5 vols.
Verneuil, Paris surgeon, introduced forcipressure in hemorrhage (see No. 5612), dry bandaging, and iodoform in the treatment of abscesses. All his works are included in his Mémoires.
GMN 5613 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7132
1877 PAQUELIN, Claude André (1836 – 1905)
Du cautére Paquelin.
Paquelin introduced a thermocautery (“Paquelin’s cautery”).
GMN 5614 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7135
1877 ANDREWS, Edmund (1824 – 1904); LACY, Thomas B.
The mortality of surgical operations in the upper lake states, compared with that of other regions.
Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.
GMN 9532 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11718
1878 KOCH, Robert Heinrich Hermann (1843 – 1910)
Untersuchungen über die Aetiologie der Wundinfectionskrankheiten.
Koch’s epochal work on the etiology of traumatic infectious disease established his reputation. He inoculated animals with material from various sources and produced six types of infection, each due to microorganisms.…
GMN 2536 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3524
1878 MARCY, Henry Orlando (1837 – 1924)
The radical cure of hernia by the antiseptic use of the carbolized catgut ligature.
Marcy introduced antiseptic ligatures in the radical cure of hernia. See also No. 3601.
GMN 3594 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4416
1878 –1879 LINDSTEDT, Adolf Fredrik (1847 – 1915); WALDENSTRÖM, Johan Anton (1839 – 1879)
Volvulus flexurae sigmoideae coli – Laparo-colotomia – Helsa.
First recorded operation for volvulus.
GMN 3469 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5636
1878 FREUND, Wilhelm Alexander (1833 – 1918)
Eine neue Methode der Exstirpation des ganzen Uterus.
Freund performed the first successful abdominal hysterectomy for cancer. Although removal of the uterus by the abdominal route had been carried out earlier, to Freund belongs the credit for the invention of the operat…
GMN 6070 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7451
1878 PASTEUR, Louis (1822 – 1895)
La théorie des germes et ses applications à la médecine et à la chirurgie. Lecture faite à l'Académie de médecine par M. Pasteur en son nom et au nom de MM. Joubert et Chamberland ....
In this speech Pasteur first introduced the term "germ theory" and defined its applications in medicine, surgery, and infectious disease. The speech was first published in condensed form in Comptes rendus...de l'Acadé…
GMN 14194 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16510
1879 PÉAN, Jules-Émile (1830 – 1898)
De l’ablation des tumeurs de l’estomac par la gastrectomie.
First gastrectomy for carcinoma; unsuccessful.
GMN 3472 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5644
1879 WELLS, Sir Thomas Spencer (1818 – 1897)
Remarks on forcipressure and the use of pressure-forceps in surgery.
Spencer Wells forceps.
GMN 5615 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7137
1879 POULET, Alfred (1849 – 1888)
Traité des corps étrangers en chirurgie. Voies naturelles pharynx et oesophage - estomac - intestin - rectum - voies respiratoire - organes génito-urinaires de l'homme et de la femme conduit auditif - fosses nasales - conduits glandulaires. Avec figures dans le texte, desinées par H. Dauphin.
A comprehensive treatise on an astounding variety of foreign bodies that surgeons had recorded removing from various and sometimes amazing parts of the body. Digital facsimile of the 1879 edition from Google Books at …
GMN 11626 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13826
1880 SANDS, Henry Berton (1830 – 1888)
On perityphlitis.
Sands published an account of 26 cases, in which he had operated successfully in all but two. His later publications show that he recognized the early signs of perforation of the appendix, and he advocated and practis…
GMN 3565 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4079
1880 WARREN, Joseph H. (1831 – 1891)
Hernia, strangulated and reducible, with cure by subcutaneous injections.
The injection method of treating hernia remained a frequently utilized procedure until the 1930s.
GMN 3594.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4421
1880 KOCHER, Emil Theodor (1841 – 1917)
Ueber Radicalheilung des Krebses.
Kocher’s operation of radical extirpation of the tongue for carcinoma.
GMN 3473 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5647
1880 RYDYGIER, Ludwik (1850 – 1920)
Wyçiecie raka odźwiernika zoladkowego, śmierćw 12 godzinach.
First extirpation of carcinomatous pylorus. Death after 12 hours. German translation in Dtsch. Z. Chir., 1881, 14, 252-60.
GMN 3473.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5651
1880 BILLROTH, Christian Albert Theodor (1829 – 1894)
Die Krankheiten der Brustdrüsen.
A monograph on cancer and other diseases of the breast, including a discussion of cancer in the male breast in the final chapter. This work is also significant in the history of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Dig…
GMN 5773 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6806
1881 REYHER, Karl Karlovich (Carl Dietrich Christoph von) (1856 – 1890)
Ueber primäres Debridement der Schusswunden.
Reyher, a Russian surgeon, reintroduced débridement and made a controlled study of its value in contaminated gunshot wounds during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877. See No. 2177.
GMN 2176 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1214
1881 OGSTON, Sir Alexander (1844 – 1929)
Report upon micro-organisms in surgical diseases.
Ogston showed that micrococci are constantly present in acute and chronic abscesses. He discovered Staphylococcus aureus. Ogston named staphylococcus in his paper, "Micrococcus poisoning," J. Anat. Physiol., 1882, 16,…
GMN 2494 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3152
1881 BILLROTH, Christian Albert Theodor (1829 – 1894)
Offenes Schreiben an Herrn Dr. L. Wittelshöfer.
First successful resection of the pylorus for cancer, the Billroth I operation.
GMN 3474 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5656
1881 WÖLFLER, Anton (1850 – 1917)
Gastro-Enterostomie.
Wölfler perfected the operation of gastro-enterostomy.
GMN 3476 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5664
1881 CLARK, Henry Edward (1845 – 1909)
On a case of obstruction of the bowels due to volvulus, treated by abdominal section; recovery.
First successful operation in Britain for treatment of volvulus, performed 20 February, 1883.
GMN 3479 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5677
1881 KOCH, Robert Heinrich Hermann (1843 – 1910)
Ueber Desinfection.
Koch showed that mercuric chloride was superior to carbolic acid, and that live steam surpassed hot air in sterilizing power.
GMN 5636.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7250
1881 SCHRÖDER, Karl Ludwig Ernst (1838 – 1887)
Ueber die theilweise und vollständige Ausschneidung der carcinomatösen Gebärmutter.
GMN 6074 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7465
1881 LISTER, Joseph, 1st Baron Lister (1827 – 1912)
An address on the catgut ligature
GMN 5616 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8958
![HIPPOCRATES, [Ἱπποκράτης; Hippocrates of Kos] (-460 – -370)](/media/portraits/50)
