The first major study of public health in British India.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Medical Heritage Library, Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Webb was surgeon in the Bengal Army, and later Professor of Anatomy at the Calcutta Medical College. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Significantly expanded second edition, in two parts (Calcutta: Thacker & Co., 1848).  Digital facsimile of the 1848 edition from the Internet Archive at this link.

An authoritative account of the way that medicine was practiced in India in adaptation to the situation faced by physicians and the state in India, focusing on three major epidemic diseases: smallpox, cholera plague.

Digital facsimile of the third edition, "revised and enlarged" (1793) from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

"From 1815 to 1817 Maclean travelled in Spain, Turkey, and the Levant, and he studied the plague at the Greek Pest Hospital at Constantinople, in the service of the Levant Company. His experiences in the Levant and in India provided the basis for his most important medical work, The Results of an Investigation Respecting Epidemic and Pestilential Diseases (1817). Here Maclean restated his opposition to the theory that epidemic diseases were contagious, adding that the quarantine measures then imposed routinely in most Mediterranean ports against vessels sailing from the Levant had no basis in medical fact" (ODNB).  Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Waring was "Surgeon in Her Majesty's Indian Army." Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

At the time of publication of this work, which contained texts in both Sanskrit and English, Waring was "Physician to His Highness The Maha Rajah of Travancore." Digital facsimile of the 1860 edition from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

Expanded fifth edition: Remarks on the uses of some of the bazaar medicines and common medical plants of India: With a full index of diseases, indicating their treatment by these and other agents procurable throughout India: To which are added directions for treatment in cases of drowning, snake-bites, &c. (London, 1897). At this point Waring was "Surgeon-Major (Retired) Her Majesty's Indian Army." Digital facsimile of the 1897 edition from the Internet Archive at this link.

Incudes information on health and medicine. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

A new translation of volume one of Avicenna's Qānūn (Canon), directly from the original Arabic.

Translation of Book III, Fan III of Avicenna's Canon pertaining to the eye and its diseases. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Expensively produced, and sold in both standard and large paper subscriber editions, Nott and Gliddon's work was one of the most egregiously racist publications in the history of physical anthropology. Nott, a prominent Southern physician, was a member of Samuel George Morton's American School of Anthropology, which held that that the different races of humankind represented separate species with separate, ancient origins predating the Biblical "creation." Polygenist arguments about race were particularly attractive in the antebellum South, as they provided support for slavery without overtly contradicting the Bible's account of the creation. One of the most outrageous of these arguments (by our standards) was Agassiz's correlation of the geographical distribution of monkeys with that of the "inferior" (i.e., non-white) races of man, an idea further developed by Gliddon in a fold-out chart. This chart, as well as the large folding "Ethnographic Tableau" at the front of the book, are hand-colored in the subscriber's edition; in the regular small-paper edition they are uncolored. Digital facsimile  of a "Subscriber's Copy" from the Internet Archive at this link.

Nott, a prominent physician and anthropologist in Mobile, Alabama, employed polygenist arguments to justify slavery. This required resoilving the problem of racial hybridity. Polygenists claimed that different races were different species. Species, however, were supposed to be incapable of producing fertile offspring, while it was obvious that different races, specifically white and black could reproduce and create mulattoes. To keep the designation of races as 'species' intact, Nott redefined the definition of species, making its essential characteristic not hybrid infertility, but morphological distinctness through time-time longer than could be inferred from the Bible. . . . Nott sought to disassociate anthropology from the Bible. His alternative explanation was that races had been separately created before Biblical time. His medical experience convinced him that blacks and whites possessed different susceptibilities to disease, attributable to innately different 'vitalities.' Nott argued against monogenist anthropologists, who believed that races had a recent and common origin. . . .Nott's comments on race brought him to the attention of other members of the American School, including its proclaimed leader, Samuel George Morton. After Morton's death, George Glidden, then the U.S. consul in Cairo, persuaded Nott to co-author a book, Types of mankind, dedicated to Morton's memory. Gliddon's contribution was to show that blacks and whites had been distinct as early as Egypt's first dynasty. Nott's contribution was also intended to demonstrate the antiquity of racial differences, as well as to show that races were immune to major change. Digital facsimile of the 1854 second edition from the Internet Archive at this link. Sttee Paul A. Erickson, The anthropology of Josiah Clark Nott avaiable from digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu at this link.

Numbers 901-929 in Morton's catalogue are "Thirty Skulls of genuine unmixed NEGROES born in Africa. This interesting series series was collected by Don José Rodriguez Cisnerso, M. D. of Havana, in the island of Cuba, and by him presented to me for the purpose of ascertaining the internal capacity of the cranium in the pure AFRICAN race."

Morton believed that he could define the intellectual ability of a race by the skull capacity. A large volume meant a large brain and high intellectual capacity, and a small skull indicated a small brain and decreased intellectual capacity. He also claimed that each race had a separate origin, and that a descending order of intelligence could be discerned that placed Caucasians at the pinnacle and Negroes at the lowest point, with various other races in between. Considered the origin of scientific racism, this theory provided a "scientific" justification for slavery.

 "Samuel George Morton is often thought of as the originator of "American School" of ethnography, a school of thought in antebellum American science that claimed the difference between humans was one of species rather than variety and is seen by some as the origin of scientific racism.^[6]

"Morton argued against the single creation story of the Bible (monogenism) and instead supported a theory of multiple racial creations (polygenism). Morton claimed the Bible supported polygenism, and within working in a biblical framework his theory held that each race had been created separately and each was given specific, irrevocable characteristics.^[7]

"After inspecting three mummies from ancient Egyptian catacombs, Morton concluded that Caucasians and Negroes were already distinct three thousand years ago. Since the Bible indicated that Noah's Ark had washed up on Mount Ararat, only a thousand years ago before this, Morton claimed that Noah's sons could not possibly account for every race on earth. According to Morton's theory of polygenesis, races have been separate since the start^{[7] " (Wikipedia article on Samuel George Morton, accessed 01-2017).}

Digital facsimile of the 1840 edition from the Internet Archive at this link. Morton continued to develop and expand his collection, which reached 1512 human and animal skulls in the third edition of his catalogue published in 1849. That catalogue contained an introduction, some illustrations, and a complete index. Digital facsimile of the 1849 edition from the Internet Archive at this link.

Morton's last paper on the measurement of cranial capacity and its relationship to intellectual ability may have been "Observations on the size of brain in various races and families of man," Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, October, 1849.  Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

"Since the death of the late lamented President of the Academy of Natural Sciences,- Dr. Samuel George Morton,- his magnifcent Collection of Human Crania, recently increased by the receipt of 67 skulls from various sources, has been permanently deposited in the Museum of the Academy. Prior to his demise, Dr. M. had recieved 100 crania in addition to those mentioned in the third edition of his Catalogue. Since 1849, therefore, the Collection has been augmented by the addition of 167 skulls. To complete the Catalogue in a uniform manner, these have been carefully numbered and measured in accordance with the methods recorded in the Crania Americana, &c....

"The entire Collection,- numbering 1035 crania,- was purchased by forty-two gentlemen from the executors of Dr. Morton, for the sum of $4,000 and by them generously presented to the academy.

"The Collection occupies 16 cases on the first gallery, on the south side of the lower room of the Museum. For convenience of study and examination I have grouped the crania according to Race, Family, Tribe, &c., strictly adhering, however, to the classification of Dr. Morton....(p, 3).

"Extensive and unique as is the Collection, it is, nevertheless, still too limited to justify positive and comprehensive conclusions concerning the great fundamental problems of Ethnology. That it will be capable, when sufficiently extended, of throwing much light upon these obscure and unsettled questions is amply attested by the scientific publications of Dr. Morton. It is earnestly hoped, therefore, that this magnificent nucleus, the result of much pecuniary sacrifice and many years of enthusiastic labor on the part of its late illustrious owner and founder, will not be neglected, but that its efficiency will be increased, and the objects for which it was gathered together attained by contributions from all who may be interested in the advancement of this youngest, most intricate, and most important of the sciences" (p. 11). Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Morton argued that blacks and whites had been racially distinct since the Egyptian First Dynasty and drew the following conclusions, long since debunked:

"Conclusions.

"1. The valley of the Nile, both in Egypt and in Nubia, was originally peopled by a branch of the Caucasian race.

"2. These primeval people, since called Egyptians, were the Mizairmites of Scripture, the poster ity of Ham, and directly affiliated with the Libyan family of nations.

"3. In their physical character the Egyptians were intermediate between the indo-European and Semitic races.

..."8. Negroes were numerous in Egypt, but their social position in ancient times was the same as it now is, that of servants and slaves" (pp. 65-66).

"Sex in animals has been known for at least ten thousand years, and this knowledge was put to good use during animal domestication in the Neolithic period. In stark contrast, sex in plants wasn't discovered until the late 17th century, long after the domestication of crop plants. Even after its discovery, the "sexual theory" continued to be hotly debated and lampooned for another 150 years, pitting the "sexualists" against the "asexualists." Why was the notion of sex in plants so contentious for so long? "Flora Unveiled" is a deep history of perceptions about plant gender and sexuality, beginning in the Ice Age and ending in the middle of the nineteenth century, with the elucidation of the complete plant life cycle. 
Linc and Lee Taiz show that a gender bias that plants are unisexual and female (a "one-sex model") prevented the discovery of plant sex and delayed its acceptance long after the theory was definitively proven. The book explores the various sources of this gender bias, beginning with women's role as gatherers, crop domesticators, and the first farmers. In the myths and religions of the Bronze and Iron Ages, female deities were strongly identified with flowers, trees, and agricultural abundance, and during Middle Ages and Renaissance, this tradition was assimilated into Christianity in the person of Mary. The one-sex model of plants continued into the Early Modern Period, and experienced a resurgence during the eighteenth century Enlightenment and again in the nineteenth century Romantic movement. Not until Wilhelm Hofmeister demonstrated the universality of sex in the plant kingdom was the controversy over plant sex finally laid to rest. Although "Flora Unveiled" focuses on the discovery of sex in plants, the history serves as a cautionary tale of how strongly and persistently cultural biases can impede the discovery and delay the acceptance of scientific advances" (publisher)

Section A, Chapter 2: "New mathematical methods in the life sciences" by George B. Dantzig.

Section D, Chapter 12: "The application of computers to electroencephalography" by Mary A. B. Brazier.

Section E, Chapter 13: "Computer techniques in medical diagnosis" by Lee B. Lusted.

Section E, Chapter 14: "Computers in muliphasic screening" by Morris F. Collen, Leonard Rubin, and Louis Davis.

Section F, Chapter 20: "Computer simulation of neurotic processes" by Kenneth Mark Colby.

Vol. 2, Section A, Chapter 2: "A description of the LINC" by W[esley] A. Clark and C[harles] E. Molnar.

Vol. 2, Section B, Chapter 6: "Programs as theories of higher mental processes" by Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon.

A complete account of Yonge's life from the age of ten until the age of 61. "It is considered to be the most important diary of the 17th century after those of Samuel Pepys and John Evelyn.^[1] In it Yonge mentioned famous people he had seen in his travels, dropping names and in some cases giving a frank opinion." (Wikipedia article on James Yonge, accessed 01-2017). Digital facsimile of the 1963 edition from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Probably the first monograph in English on surgery of the head and brain. Yonge was a naval surgeon who set up in practice in Plymouth after he gave up the sea. He had just performed the operation for an injury of the head outlined in the title of his book when a local physician, Dr. Durston, asserted that wounds of the brain were always fatal. To prove this was untrue, Yonge published this book, which includes details of the operation in great detail, followed by extracts from and references to 65 earlier authors, five of whom are English.

"A groundbreaking study of the marriage and sexual practices of early Christians in the ancient Mediterranean and Near East. Brown focuses on the practice of permanent sexual renunciation-continence, celibacy, and lifelong virginity-in Christian circles from the first to the fifth centuries A.D. and traces early Christians' preoccupations with sexuality and the body in the work of the period's great writers.

"The Body and Society questions how theological views on sexuality and the human body both mirrored and shaped relationships between men and women, Roman aristocracy and slaves, and the married and the celibate. Brown discusses Tertullian, Valentinus, Clement of Alexandria, Origen, Constantine, the Desert Fathers, Jerome, Ambrose, and Augustine, among others, and considers asceticism and society in the Eastern Empire, martyrdom and prophecy, gnostic spiritual guidance, promiscuity among the men and women of the church, monks and marriage in Egypt, the ascetic life of women in fourth-century Jerusalem, and the body and society in the early Middle Ages" (publisher)

20th anniversary edition with a new introduction, 2008. 

Part V "Bodies, pleasures, desires" includes much of medical and biological interest, including a remarkable chapter by Kathryn M. Ringrose on "The Byzantine body."

Concerns medicine of the Aztecs, etc. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

The first history of this topic on the history of mannikins and the unusually wide variety of devices, including interactive software, used in the training of the different specialties in medicine and nursing.

Includes plant and mineral remedies of New Spain as well as natural history details. See DEUCHLER, W. Juan de Cárdenas. Eim Beitrag zur Geschichte der spanischem Naturbetrachtung und Medizin im Mexiko während des 16. Jahrhunderts. (Bern, P. Haupt, 1930). Digital facsimile of the 1913 edition from the Internet Archive at this link.

https://www.wdl.org/en/

"The WDL has stated that its mission is to promote international and intercultural understanding, expand the volume and variety of cultural content on the Internet, provide resources for educators, scholars, and general audiences, and to build capacity in partner institutions to narrow the digital divide within and among countries.^[1] It aims to expand non-English and non-western content on the Internet, and contribute to scholarly research. The library intends to make available on the Internet, free of charge and in multilingual format, significant primary materials from cultures around the world, including manuscripts, maps, rare books, musical scores, recordings, films, prints, photographs, architectural drawings, and other significant cultural materials.^{[2][3][4]" (Wikipedia article on World Digital Library, accessed 01-2017)}

Partners in the World Digital Library project include:^[18]

Burnett, a homeopath, provided an excellent summary of the history of gold as it was used in medicine, with extensive references to the historical literature. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

This is the second and best edition in 2 volumes of works that were first issued separately in 1673 and 1693 respectively. For Rauwolf see No. 7327. Digital facsimile of the 1738 edition from the Medical Heritage Library, Internet Archive, at this link.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

The first general bibliography of botany books, including herbals. The author, a prolific writer, often wrote under the pseudonym of Antonio Bumaldo.

Organized in three parts: floras, medical botany, and horticultural and agricultural works. Séguier includes books, pamphlets, and references in the periodical literature. "The entries for the publications contain usually the title fully transcribed and in the original language, the place of publication, the publisher, the size .... and sometimes a critical commentary and an indication of the location where he saw the book or found a reference to it. These statements of location are obviously of great importance because they will very often allow us at once to identify the library where the publications are presently located....A useful feature is the provision of marginal notes giving relevant references to reviews, publication, comments or other secondary publications relevant to the main entry...." (Stafleu & Cowan 11624). Includes a reprint of Montalbani's bibliography of 1657. Digital facsimile of the 1740 edition from Google Books at this link.

The entire set is available in digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link. (Authors and publishers of the Supplements vary.)

http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/

"The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) is a consortium of natural history and botanical libraries that cooperate to digitize the legacy literature of biodiversity held in their collections and to make that literature available for open access and responsible use as a part of a global “biodiversity commons.” The BHL consortium works with the international taxonomic community, rights holders, and other interested parties to ensure that this biodiversity heritage is made available to a global audience through open access principles. In partnership with the Internet Archive and through local digitization efforts, the BHL has digitized millions of pages of taxonomic literature, representing over 100,000 titles and over 170,000 volumes.

"Much of the published literature on biological diversity is available in only a few select libraries in the developed world. These collections are of exceptional value because the domain of systematic biology depends, more than any other science, upon historic literature. Yet, this wealth of knowledge is available only to those few who can gain direct access to significant library collections. Literature about the biota existing in developing countries is often not available within their own borders. Biologists have long considered that access to the published literature is one of the chief impediments to the efficiency of research in the field. Free global access to digital literature repatriates information about the earth’s species to all parts of the world.

"The BHL consortium members digitize the public domain books and journals held within their collections. To acquire additional content and promote free access to information, the BHL has also obtained permission from publishers to digitize and make available significant biodiversity materials that are still under copyright.

"Because of BHL’s success in digitizing a significant mass of biodiversity literature, the study of living organisms has become more efficient. The BHL Portal allows users to search the corpus by multiple access points, read the texts online, or download select pages or entire volumes as PDF files.

"The BHL serves texts with information on over a 150 million species names. Using Global Names Recognition and Discovery (GNRD) and UBio’s taxonomic name finding tools, researchers can bring together publications about species and find links to related content in the Encyclopedia of Life. Because of its commitment to open access, BHL provides a range of services and APIs which allow users to harvest source data files and reuse content for research purposes. BHL also serves as the foundational literature component of the Encyclopedia of Life .

"Since 2009, the BHL has expanded globally. The European Commission’s eContentPlus program has funded the BHL Europe project, with 28 institutions, to assemble the European language literature. Additionally, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (BHL China), the Atlas of Living Australia (BHL Australia), Brazil (through BHL SciELO), the Bibliotheca Alexandrina(BHL Egypt), and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (BHL Africa) have created national or regional BHL nodes. Additionally, in 2014, the National Library Board of Singapore became the first institution to join BHL as both a Member of BHL and a global node (BHL Singapore). Global nodes are organizational structures that may or may not develop their own BHL portals. It is the goal of BHL to share and serve content through the BHL Portal developed and maintained at the Missouri Botanical Garden. These projects will work together to share content, protocols, services, and digital preservation practices."

The most complete description of the natural history museum of Basilius Besler and his nephew Michael Rupert. It contains the first descriptive commentary of the collection, with 40 engraved plates. The Besler collection was partly illustrated in earlier publications: the elder Besler’s own “Fasciculus” of 1616, and his nephew’s “Gazophylacium” of 1642. However, both of those publications consisted of plates only. Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library, Internet Archive at this link.

Moscardo's museum contained natural history specimens, archeological remains, and ethnographic objects. Around 1642 Moscardo acquired a portion of the collection of Francesco Calceolari and added it to his museum. Digital facsimile of the 1656 edition from the Internet Archive at this link. The second edition (Verona,1672) was greatly expanded with a disquisition by Athanasius Kircher on a Canopic urn owned by Moscardo. Digital facsimile of the 1672 edition from the Getty Research Institute, Internet Archive, at this link.

"Based on material from the Folklore Archives at Memorial University as well as other sources, Crellin's catalogue includes such topics as abortion, baldness and hair preparations, blood-letting, cancer, drunkenness, female complaints, Gin Pills, herbs, midwifery and childbirth, Newfoundland stomach, poultices, prepared cures, rheumatism and arthritis, and tonics. Looking at the interplay between mainstream physicians and alternative treatments, and the effect of folk beliefs on today's self-care practices, Crellin examines how the advent of modern medicine has affected self-treatment" (publisher).

A spectacular volume reproducing Ramón y Cajal's drawings in very high quality, and with significant commentaries.

The first comprehensive account of medicinal uses of wild plants by the country folk of Britain and Ireland based on manuscript folklore sources as well as published sources. These included information gathered by the Irish Folklore Commission in more than 1000 manuscript volumes. This previously unpublished material constitutes a medical tradition that was previously overlooked by historians. The work chronicles the usage of more than 400 plant species.

Short focused his book on the medical uses of plants readily available in England. Many of the plants recommended in the traditional herbal literature were difficult to find in England. Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

Martin, who graduated MD from Leiden, included throughout his book detailed and non-judgmental documentation of folk medicine practices and ethnobotanic remedies then in use in the region. Digital facsimile of the 1703 edition from Google Books at this link.

A discussion of Irish materia medica and a summary of the development of medicine in Ireland from the earliest times. Indices in Gaelic and English. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Osterloh and team working at Pfizer's Sandwich, Kent research facility in England, demonstrated that sildenafil citrate (Viagra) initally studied for use in hypertension and angina pectoris, is effective in the treatment of penile erectile disfunction. (With 6 co-authors).

Previously unpublished ancient Greek textes on botany, with French translations. 

An edition of just over 1500 medical receipts transmitted in three fourteenth-century compendia. The particular interest of these multilingual compilations lies in their date – earlier than most published receipts – and their showing the three languages of medieval England in vigorous and simultaneous use. There are detailed indexes, including a survey of the medical conditions covered, and the notes provide comprehensive references to analogous receipts in other published collections, so shedding light on the processes of compilation and transmission.

Edition and translation of the Old English Herbarium, British Library Cotton MS Vitellius C iii, the only illustrated Anglo-Saxon medical text, dating from about 1000 CE, containing information on 185 medicinal plants, the names of conditions for which they are beneficial, and directions for making remedies with them. This text was previously translated inaccurately by Cockayne (No. 6534). For a facsimile edition of the manuscript see No. 8889.

"The Herbarium, attributed wrongly to Apuleius Platonicus, was one of a number of Old English Texts--occupying some thousand manuscript pages--that mark the first flowering of vernacular medical writing in medieval Europe. It is an expanded version of a late Roman tratise that survives in Old English in four manuscripts, one of them strikingly illustrated (British Library Cotton MSS, Vitellius C. iii). This text is by no means a mindless translation of mediterranean herbal remedies; rather it displays practical knowledge of plants widely available in Anglo-Saxon England through cultivation and import. Van Arsdall adds to our understanding of the uses of this text by drawing on present-day curandera practices in the south-western United States. She makes the cogent argument that texts like the Old English Herbarium served as aide-mémoire for the apprenticeship system that trains traditional healers" (from the Foreward by Linda Ehrsam Voigts, p. x).

Placitus wrote fanciful descriptions of medicines derived from animals, and other sources. For example, he recommended such remedies as consuming cooked puppy to relieve colic, and breaking a fever by cutting a splinter from the door that a eunuch has just passed through. (Wikipedia).

For the second edition (Madrid: Fortanet, 1899) Ramón y Cajal changed the title to Reglas y consejos sobre investigación cientifica. He added Los tónicos de la voluntad to the fourth ediition (Madrid: Fortanet, 1916). Neely Swanson and Larry W. Swanson translated the fourth edition into English as Advice for a young investigator (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,1999).

Includes a previously unpublished essay by Maude Abbott, "Osler's contributions to our knowledge of heart disease."

Vol. 1: The philosophical essays. Vol. 2: The educational essays. Vol. 3: The historical and biographical essays.

The publication of Chadwick's 1842 Report inspired the creation in 1843 of the Royal Commission for Inquiry into the State of Large Towns and Populous Districts, in which Chadwick once again played a leading role, drafting the major part of the Commission's first report and supplying the administrative and operational proposals for the second. The Commission's two reports revealed the unhealthy sanitary and social conditions prevailing among the towns and proposed a number of recommendations to be embodied in new legislation, the most important being a proposal to grant the national government power to supervise the execution of all general measures for regulating the sanitary condition of larger urban communities.

"The Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York was established in March, 1947 for the specific purpose of accumulating the required experience under carefully controlled conditions. In order to assemble measurable data, medical services are provided solely by groups of physicians and specialists workiing together as complete units or teams paid on a per capita basis.The 700 physicians who now serve the approximately 200,000 persons now insured with the HIP are organized into major boroughs of the city. Two groups were established by teaching institutions: New York University College of Medicine and Montefiore Hospital, a teaching unit of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University. All other groups are partnerships, of whiich the Central Medical Group of Brooklyn is an example. This group, with the largest enrollment in HIP, is now providing complete medical care, preventive as well as curative, for more than 20,000 persons.

"This volume is a report by the Central Medical Group of Brooklyn of its experiences during the first two years. It reflects the continued enthusiasm of its physician members for group practice of medicine under a prepayment plan. Its experience reveals the number of physicians' services required annually by the population which it serves, the volume of specialist and laboratory services, the administrative cost involved in operating the medical center, and the net income remaining from the per capita payments by HIP for the remuneration of the physicians...." (pp. xxi-xxii)

Contains almost no references to prior literature.

Translated into English as Medical innovations in humanitarian situations: The work of Médecins San Frontières (20).

Macer glosses, Pseudo-Apuleius, Herbarium, Macrobius, etc. 12th century.

"A composite manuscript which comprises four parts, Parts 1 and 2 contain items in English, Part 3 contains Macrobius, "Saturnalia" and Part 4 includes Cotton's notes (see, British Library Catalogue, and Doane 1994, pp. 20-25).

Part 1, fols 5-10, contains text copied in s. xii hands: Fols 5r-10: Peter of Poitiers, Compendium Historiae in Genealogia Christi. Fol. 10v, chapter titles of Macer, De viribus herbarum. Chapters 10, 11, 13-19, 22 and 37 are glossed in English in a different hand, s. xii, to that of the main text. There are also some annotations in Anglo-Norman (see, Doane 1994, p. 21; Ker 1957, p. 283; Gough 1974, pp. 285-87; Bierbaumer 1976, p. xxi).

Part 2, fols 11-85: the table of contents, the translation of the enlarged Herbarius Apuleii and of the Medicina de quadrupedius are from s. xi1. Part 2 also contains: Fol. 11r, s. xii, annotations around a hole (Doane 1994, p. 21; Voigts 1976, p. 258). Fols 12r-18v, table of content of the 'Herbarius', followed by 185 chapters of the translation of Herbarius Apuleii, titled '[H]ERBARIVM | APVL[EI] [P]LAT[ONICI] | QVOD AC[CE]PIT AB E|SCOLA[P]IO ET [A] CH[I]RONE CENTAVRO: MAGISTRO | ACHILLIS' on fols 19v-74v, and a translation in Old English of Medicina de quadrupedibus beginning 'SAGAÐ ÐÆT ÆGYP | ta cyning idpartus Æ¿æs haten' on fols 75-82v (de Vriend 1984 and Cockayne 1864-66). A s. xii hand probably added the chapters in the table of contents: I- CLXXIX and, as Ker 1957 notes, the chapter numbers in the upper margin of most pages are also in this hand.

Fol. 17v contains a note in Old English, s. xii, 'Se unbrade þistel he havat | Æ¿iplete (?) hauod' (Ker 1957, p. 284, and Doane 1994, p. 22). Fol. 18v is partially blank and contains recipes in Old English Ad uertiginem, 'Num betonica Ë¥ Æ¿æll sÆ¿yðe on Æ¿in | oþþa on ald ealað' and Ad pectoris dolorem, 'Num horsellens Ë¥ eft geÆ¿ænen bare' s. xi2 (Ker 1957, p. 284, Cockayne 1864-66, 1, 378). Fols 82v-83 contain four recipes in Old English in three hands. The first two recipes, fols 82v/21-83r/11, 'Ðis is seo seleste eah salf' and, fol. 83r/12-19, 'Ðis mæg to eah salfe', are in the same hand as that of the recipes on fol. 18v. Fols 83r/20-31, the third recipe is in a s. xi hand, 'Æ¿ið lungen adle' (Cockayne 1864-66, 1, 374). Fols 83r/1-15, the fourth is in a s. xii hand 'Æ¿ið fot adle' (Cockayne 1864-66, 1, 376). On fol. 83, eight Latin recipes, and two chams in a s.xiiiin hand. On fol. 83r/27, 'warantiÄ™' is glossed 'Æ¿ret' (Ker 1957, pp. 284-85 and Doane 1994, p. 22)" ( http://www.le.ac.uk/english/em1060to1220/mss/EM.BL.Vite.C.iii.htm , accessed 04-2017).

In 2017 the British Library published a digital facsimile of Cotton Vitellius C III online at this link. The modern English translation is by van Arsdall No. 8879). 

The first medical-legal study of child abuse, including sexual abuse, incest, and the "battered child" syndrome. Tardieu described 32 cases in detail, 18 of which resulted in death. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

“Extrait des Annales d’hygiène publique et de médicine légale, 2e série, tome VIII." Tardieu divided his book on "sexual crimes" into three parts: the first deals with indecent exposures, the second with rape, and the third with "pederasty" (sexual relations between an older and a younger man), written before the term homosexuality was coined.

Tardieu analyzed 632 cases of sexual abuse in females (mostly children) and 302 cases in males, describing physical signs according to the severity of the abuse.

Neither the first or the second (1858) editions were illustrated. The third edition (1859) contained 3 plates, two of which showed evidence of abuse in female genitalia. The fourth edition (1862) was the first to include a fourth plate depicting a passive male sodomite's anus. Digital facsimiles of the first and second editions are available from BnF Gallica. Digital facsimile of the expanded fifth edition (1867) from the Internet Archive at this link.

For the second edition (1862) Tardieu expanded the work to 4 volumes. Tardieu described the terrible working conditions of children in factories and mines. He also reported the ill consequences of theses conditions on the children's physical and mental health.
Digital facsimile of the first edition from Google Books at this link; of the second edition (1862) from BnF Gallica at this link.

"In 1962, Dr. C. Henry Kempe and his colleagues led the identification and recognition of child abuse with the defining paper, The Battered Child Syndrome. This paper was regarded as the single most significant event in creating awareness and exposing the reality of child abuse. It gave doctors a way to understand and identify child abuse and neglect, along with information about how to report suspected abuse" (http://www.kempe.org/about/history/, accessed 02-2017).

Leo Kanner, an Austrian émigré and medical graduate of the University of Berlin, founded the first academic department of child psychiatry under the direction of Adolf Meyer at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Kanner was the first U. S. physician to be identified as a child psychiatrist, and his textbook, Child Psychiatry (1935), introduced both the specialty and the term to the English speaking academic community.

"the first monthly journal in English to be devoted to the history of medicine. Robinson opened the pages of Medical Life to eminent historians and beginners. A number of outstanding European medical historians contributed papers and served on its editorial board. Among them were Max Neuburger, Karl Sudhoff, Henry E. Sigerist, Arturo Castiglioni, John D. Comrie, and Wilhelm Haberling….Victor Robinson was a member of the generation that created medical history in this country as we know it today. He banged the drums for medical history, he blew its horn, he was a propagandist for medical history. He aroused interest in the subject and made it possible for interested individuals to participate in the medical history movement. He accomplished this chiefly through the channels of communication which he created, chiefly Medical Life.” (George Rosen, Victor Robinson: A romantic medical historian. [Philadelphia 1958]).