1471 NICOLAUS SALERNITANUS, (Nicolaus Praepostius) (1120 – )
Antidotarium. Add: Quid pro quo; Synonyma.
This work, which first circulated in manuscript in 1140, was the first formulary to be printed. It consists of 139 prescriptions and includes the original formula for the “anesthetic sponge” (spongia somnifera), the e…
GMN 1789 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1846
1474 SILVATICUS, Matthaeus [Mattheus Sylvaticus; Matteo Silvatico] (1280 – 1342)
Liber pandectarum medicinae.
An encyclopedia of medicines, mostly derived from plants, completed about the year 1317. The medicines are arranged in alphabetical order. Two printed editions were issued in 1474. The first, issued in Naples, appeare…
GMN 7151 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9318
c. 1477 ORTOLF VON BAIERLAND, (Ortolf von Würzburg) ( – 1290)
Artzneibuch.
The first German pharmacopeia, and a very early work written and published in the vernacular. The book was an important German text of popular medicine in its day. Digital facsimile from the Bayerische StaatsBibliothe…
GMN 1794 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1887
1488 ASCULO, Saladinus de (Saladin d'Ascoli) (1425 – )
Compendium aromatariorum.
ISTC No. is00020000. Also issued in Bologna: [Henricus de Harlem and Johannes Walbeck, for] Benedictus Hectoris, 12 Mar. 1488. ISTC No. is00019000. Digital facsimile of the Bologna edition from BnF Gallica at this link.
GMN 9398 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11581
1498 DAL POZZO TOSCANELLI, Girolamo
Nuovo ricettario composto dal Collegio dei Dottori di Firenze. Ed: Hieronymus dal Pozzo Toscanelli.
The pharmacopeia of Florence was probably the second pharmacopeia published in print. It included a list of approved drugs and described various methods of preparing them for use, together with proper weights and meas…
GMN 11631 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13831
1536 BRASSAVOLA, Antonio Musa [Brasavoli, Brasavola, Brasavoli] (1500 – 1555)
Examen omnium simplicium medicamentorum, quorum in officinis usus est.
Brasavola introduced some new drugs into the formulary. The book is written in the form of a dialogue. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 1804 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1950
1543 GESNER, Conrad [Konrad Gessner] (1516 – 1565)
Enumeratio medicamentorum purgantium.
An index of purgatives.
GMN 1809 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1973
1546 CORDUS, Valerius (1515 – 1544)
Pharmacorum omnium, quae quidem in usu sunt, conficiendorum ratio: Vulgo vocant dispensatorium pharmacopolarum, ex omni genere bonorum authorum, cum veterum tum recentium collectum, & scholiis utilissimis illustratum, in quibus obiter, plurium simplicium, hactenus non cognitorum, vera noticia traditur. Authore Valerio Cordo. Item De collectione, repositione, & duratione simplicium. De adulterationibus quorundam simplicium. Simplici aliquo absolute scripto, quid sit accipiendum. Antiballomena, id est, succedanea, sive quid pro quo. Qualem virum pharmacopolam esse conveniat. Cum Indice copioso.
The first "real" pharmacopeia to be published. It was recognized as the official pharmacopeia of Nuremberg. Facsimile edition, 1934. Digital facsimile of the 1546 edition from Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main at …
GMN 1810 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1978
1549 MYREPSOS, Nicolas (Nicolaus Myrepsus, Νικόλαος Μυρεψός) (1240 – ); FUCHS, Leonhart (1501 – 1566)
Medicamentorum opus in sectiones quadragintaocto digestum, hactenus in Germania non uisum, omnibus tum medicis, tum seplasiarns mirum in modum utile, a Leonharto Fuchsio...
The “Antidotarium magnum” by the Byzantine physician Nicolaus Myrepsus. It was the largest strictly pharmaceutical work that had appeared up to the time of its writing (about 1270-1280); it contained more than 2,500 p…
GMN 1793 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1884
1561 FOËS, Anuce [FOESIUS] (1528 – 1595)
Pharmacopoeia, medicamentorum omnium quae hodie ad publica medentium munia officinis extant, tractationem & usum ex antiquorum medicorum praescripto continens, pharmacopoeis omnibus, atque etiam iis qui opus factitant medicum, valde utilis & necessaria.
Foes is credited with coining the word pharmacopeia in the title of this work. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 10271 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12462
1564 OCCO, Adolph (1524 – 1606)
Enchiridion, sive ut vulgo vocant dispensatorium, compositorum medicamentorum, pro Reipub. Augstburgensis pharmacopoeis.
One of the earliest pharmacopeias, and one which exerted a great influence on later pharmacopeias. Several new editions followed the first, and that of 1613 was adopted as the official pharmacopeia of Augsburg, the fa…
GMN 1816 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2064
1618 ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS
Pharmacopoeia Londinensis.
The first London pharmacopeia, issued by the (Royal) College of Physicians. The first edition was published on May 7, but contained many typographical errors; a corrected edition appeared on December 7, 1618. In the f…
GMN 1821 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2105
1636 TULP, Nicolaes (1593 – 1674)
Pharmacopoea Amstelredamensis, Senatus auctoritate munita. [Edited by Nicolaes Tulp.]
Tulp was both a surgeon and mayor of Amsterdam. As such he was responsible for inspections of apothecary shops. Thanks to new shipping routes, pharmacists in Amsterdam had access to many exotic herbs and spices from t…
GMN 12135 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14344
1638
Codex medicamentarius seu pharmacopoeia Parisiensis .
PHARMACOPOEIA
First Paris pharmacopoeia. SEE J. Bergounioux, "Les éditions du Codex Medicamentarius de l'ancienne Faculté de Médecine de Paris," Rev. d'Hist. Pharm, 54 (1927) 376-389
GMN 1824 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2119
1641 JOCQUET, Joannes; ET AL
Pharmacopoeia Bruxellensis: Jussu amplissimi senatus edita.
The first Brussels pharmacopeia, modeled after the first Paris pharmacopeia. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 12811 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15057
1681 IBN MUHAMMAD AL-HUSAYNI, Muzaffar ( – 1556); LABROSSE, Joseph (Angelus à Sacto Josepho) (1636 – )
Pharmacopoea persica ex idiomate persico in latinum conversa. Tafsir-i murakkabat-i qarabadin-i parsi [-i Muzaffar b. Muhammad as-Sifa`i] ba-dast-i Angelus Karmelit.
The editor, Joseph Labrosse, "was born in Toulouse in 1636 and entered a Carmelite order, taking the name of Fr. Angelus of St Joseph. In 1662 he went to Rome and studied Arabic for two years before travelling to Isfa…
GMN 13139 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15397
1701 RIVINUS, Augustus Quirinus (August Bachmann) (1652 – 1723)
Censura medicamentorum officinalium.
A list of officially recognized drugs, with a classification of useless and undesirable ones. Rivinus also noted incompatibles. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 1828 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2150
1720 CULPEPER, Nicholas (1616 – 1654)
Pharmacopoeia Londinensis; or the London dispensatory…
The first herbal printed in North America, and the first full-length medical book published in North America. From the 1653 London edition.
GMN 1828.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2160
1721 GIBSON, William (1680 – 1750)
The farriers dispensatory, in three parts. Containing I. A description of the medicinal simples, commonly made use of in the diseases of horses, with their virtues and manner of operation, distributed into proper classes, &c. II. The preparations of simples, vegetable, animal and mineral ; with an explanation of the most usual terms, both in the chymical and galenical pharmacy. III. A number of useful compositions and receipts suited to the cure of all diseases, never before published; as also those of greatest account from Solleysell, Ruini, Blundevill, and other most celebrated authors, digested under their proper heads of powders, balls, drinks, ointments, charges, &c. The proper Method of compounding and making them, with many other useful observations and improvements tending to their right administration. To which is also added, a compleat index of all the medicines contained in the book, whether simple or compound, with a table of diseases pointing to the remedies proper in each malady.
GMN 13695 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15977
1739 GAUB, Hieronymous David (1705 – 1780)
Libellus de methodo concinnandi formulas medicamentorum.
A treatise on prescriptions. Gaub was professor of chemistry at Leiden.
GMN 1830 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2167
1739 CERVI, José (1663 – 1748); RODRÍGUEZ, Miguel Francisco
Pharmacopoeia Matritensis, Regii, ac Supremi Hispaniarum protomedicatus auctoritate, jussu atque auspiciis nunc primum elaborata.
The first national pharmacopoeia issued in Spain, also controlling drug preparation and use for the Spanish empire. It included botanical, mineral and animal substances, and substances obtained from the Spanish empire…
GMN 11613 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13813
1746 BUNON, Robert (1702 – 1748)
Experiences et demonstrations faites à l'Hôpital de la Salpêtriere, & à S. Côme en présence de l'Académie Royale de Chirurgie. Pour servir de suite & de preuves a l'Essai sur les maladies des dents, & c. Et une pharmacie odontalogique, ou Traité des médicamens, simples & composés propres aux maladies des dents, & des différentes parties de la bouche, à l'usage des dentistes.
In this follow-up to his book published in 1743 Bunon proved the assertions of his earlier Essai through a series of dental researches conducted on patients at the Salpêtrière and at the hospital of St. Côme--the firs…
GMN 12928 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15175
1778 BROWN, William (1752 – 1792)
Pharmacopoeia simpliciorum et efficaciorum.
The first original pharmacopeia published in the USA. Reproduced in facsimile, with translation, in The Badger Pharmacist, 1938. No. 22-25.
GMN 1834 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2180
1806 COXE, John Redman (1773 – 1864)
The American dispensatory, containing the operations of pharmacy; Together with the natural, chemical, pharmaceutical and medical history of the different substances employed in medicine; illustrated and explained, according to the principles of modern chemistry: Comprehending the improvements in Dr. Duncan's second edition of the Edinburgh new dispensatory. The arrangement simplified, and the whole adapted to the practice of medicine and pharmacy in the United States. With several copperplates, exhibiting the new system of chemical characters, and representing the most useful apparatus.
Coxe's "formulary" was the first attempt at standarization of drugs and their preparation in the United States. Digital facsimile from the U.S. National Library of Medicine at this link.
GMN 12134 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14343
1808 JACKSON, James (1777 – 1867); WARREN, John Collins (1778 – 1856); MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOCIETY
The pharmacopoeia of the Massachusetts Medical Society,
The first state pharmacopeia issued in the United States. Jackson and Warren were the "Committee for the Pharmacopoeia." Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 10067 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12256
1818 FACULTÉ DE MÉDECINE DE PARIS
Codex medicamentarius sive pharmacopoea gallica jussu regis optimi et ex mandato summi rerum internarum regni administri, editus a Facultate Medica Parisiensi anno 1818.
The first French national pharmacopeia. The French pharmacopeia became the model for later national attempts to publish national pharmacopeias. Notably the first U.S. pharmacopeia was issued in 1820. After a legal not…
GMN 10268 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12459
1818 BRUGNATELLI, Luigi Valentino (1761 – 1818)
Pharmacopoeia Geniki.
The first pharmacopeia printed in Turkey. This was a translation into Greek from Brugnatelli's Farmakopoea ad uso degli Speziali, e Medici Moderni della Repubblica Italiana. The printer in Istanbul was not identified.…
GMN 13075 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15327
1820 SPALDING, Lyman (1775 – 1821)
Pharmacopoeia of the United States of America. 1820
The first official US pharmacopoeia. Spalding began campaigning for a national pharmacopeia in 1815. His efforts finally bore fruit in a national convention that met in 1820 and adopted a pharmacopeia based mainly on …
GMN 1845 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2297
1821 MAGENDIE, François (1783 – 1855)
Formulaire pour la préparation et l’emploi de plusieurs nouveaux médicamens, tels que la noix vomique, la morphine, etc.
Magendie was the pioneer of experimental physiology in France. His Formulaire introduced into medical practice several of the newly discovered alkaloids, notably morphine, veratrine, brucine, piperine, emetine, as wel…
GMN 1846 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2302
1822 BIGELOW, Jacob (1786 – 1879)
A treatise on the materia medica, intended as a sequel to the Pharmacopoeia of the United States: Being an account of the origin, qualities and medical uses of the articles and compounds, which constitute that work, with their modes of prescription and administration.
Bigelow, who with Lyman Spalding, was largely responsible for the creation and publication in 1820 of the first U.S. pharmacopeia, published this valuable explanatory and supplementary volume two years later. It was p…
GMN 10068 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12257
1844 BERNARD, Karl Ambros (1808 – 1844)
Pharmacopoea Castrensis Ottomano. Pharmacopée militaire Ottomane.
The first original pharmacopoeia printed in the Ottoman Empire, with an original text by the Austrian physician Karl Ambros Bernard. The text of this pharmacopeia was in French and Latin, accompanied by Italian terms.…
GMN 13074 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15326
1864
British pharmacopoeia, published under the direction of the General Council of Medical Education and Registration of the United Kingdom, pursuant to the Medical Act, 1858.
PHARMACOPOEIA
First official British pharmacopoeia.
GMN 1866 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2435
1868 WARING, Edward John (1819 – 1891)
Pharmacopoeia of India, prepared under the authority of Her Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council
Waring was "Surgeon in Her Majesty's Indian Army." Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 8817 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10995
1877 –1883 LECLERC, Lucien (1816 – 1893); IBN AL-BAYTĀR AL-MĀLAQĪ, Ḍiyāʾ Al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdllāh Ibn Aḥmad (Ibn al-Baytar) (1197 – 1248)
Traité des simples. 3 vols. Notices et extraits des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque nationale et autres bibliothèques, 1877, tome 23,1; tome 25,1; tome 26,1. Traduit par Lucien Leclerc.
Ibn al-Baytar systematically recorded the additions to pharmacy made by medieval Islamic physicians, who added between 300 and 400 types of medicines to the roughly one thousand known since antiquity. "Ibn al-Baitar’s…
GMN 8528 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10705
1883 MARTINDALE, William (1840 – 1902)
The extra pharmacopoeia of unofficial drugs … With references to their use abstracted from the medical journals by W. Wynn Westcott.
29th edition, 1989.
GMN 1874 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2483
1954 KRAMER, Samuel Noah (1897 – 1990)
First pharmacopeia in man's recorded history.
The most ancient testimony concerning the opium poppy found to date was inscribed in cuneiform script on a small white clay tablet at the end of the third millennium BC. This tablet was discovered in 1954 during excav…
GMN 11916 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14121
1966 LEVEY, Martin (1913 – 1970); AL-KINDĪ, Abu Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ ;أبو يوسف يعقوب بن إسحاق الصبّاح الكندي ( Alkindus) (801 – 873)
The medical formulary or Aqrābādhin of al Kindi. Edited and translated by Martin Levey.
GMN 8531 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10708
1974 COWEN, David L. (1909 – 2006); HICKEL, Erika (1934 – )
The spread and influence of British pharmacopeial and related literature. An historical and bibliographic study by David L. Cowen. Mit einer Einführung Britische Pharmakopöe-Literatur des 17. bis 19. Jahrhunderts von Erika Hickel.
GMN 11424 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13623
1985 GELFAND, Michael (1912 – 1985)
The Traditional medical practitioner in Zimbabwe: His principles of practice and pharmacopoeia.
GMN 9889 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12077
1988 BARR, Andy
Traditional bush medicines: An aboriginal pharmacopoeia.
Aboriginal Communities of the Northern Territory of Australia. Collated and researched by Andy Barr, project manager; Joan Chapman, pharmacist; Nick Smith, botanist, Maree Beveridge, computer operator; Terry Knight, p…
GMN 7221 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9389
1997 VOEKS, Robert A. (1950 – )
Sacred leaves of Candomblé: African magic, medicine, and religion in Brazil.
"Candomblé, an African religious and healing tradition that spread to Brazil during the slave trade, relies heavily on the use of plants in its spiritual and medicinal practices. When its African adherents were forcib…
GMN 9910 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12098
1998 CAMERON, Malcolm Lawrence (1918 – 2011); D'ARONCO, M. A.
The Old English illustrated pharmacopoeia. British Library Cotton Vitellius C III. Edited by M. A. D'Aronco and M. L. Cameron. Early English Manuscripts in Facsimile, 27.
Macer glosses, Pseudo-Apuleius, Herbarium, Macrobius, etc. 12th century. "A composite manuscript which comprises four parts, Parts 1 and 2 contain items in English, Part 3 contains Macrobius, "Saturnalia" and Part 4 i…
GMN 8889 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11067
2001 COWEN, David L. (1909 – 2006)
Pharmacopoeias and related literature in Britain and America, 1618–1847.
"Collected in this volume are the author’s historical and bibliographical studies of what may be described as the British and American literature of pharmacotherapeutics. The practitioner of medicine in the period cov…
GMN 11423 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13622
2016 CARTWRIGHT, Anthony C.
The British Pharmacopoeia, 1864 to 2014: Medicines, international standards and the state.
"The British Pharmacopoeia has provided official standards for the quality of substances, medicinal products and articles used in medicine since its first publication in 1864. It is used in over 100 countries and rema…
GMN 8977 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11156
2019 CRAWFORD, Matthew James; GABRIEL, Joseph M.
Drugs on the page: Pharmacopoeias and healing knowledge in the early modern Atlantic world.
GMN 11611 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13811
