1965 SKOU, Jens Christian (1918 – 2018)

Enzymatic basis for the active transport of sodium and potassium across the cell membrane.

Skou discovered that the active transport of sodium and potassium is carried out in the cell membrane by an enzyme that serves as a sodium and potassium "pump," that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. He named the enzyme "sodi…

GMN 14311 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16636

1997 JULIUS, David (1955 – ); CATARINA, Michael J.; SCHUMACHER, Mark A.; TOMINAGA, Makoto; ROSEN, Tobias A.; LEVINE, Jon David

The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway.

"Abstract: Capsaicin, the main pungent ingredient in ‘hot’ chilli peppers, elicits a sensation of burning pain by selectively activating sensory neurons that convey information about noxious stimuli to the central ner…

GMN 14274 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16596

2001 KONDO, K; KAELIN, William G. Jr. (1957 – ); IVAN, Mircea; ET AL

HIFalpha targeted for VHL-mediated destruction by proline hydroxylation: implications for O2 sensing.

Kaelin and colleagues identified aspects of the molecular machinery in Von Hippel-Landau disease that regulates the activity of genes in response to varying levels of oxygen. In 2019 Kaelin shared the Nobel Prize in P…

GMN 14273 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16595

2018 BENIAS, Petros C.; WELLS, Rebecca G.; CARR-LOCKE, David Leslie; THIESE, Neil D.; ET AL

Structure and distribution of an unrecognized interstitium in human tissues.

The authors described "the anatomy and histology of a previously unrecognized, though widespread, macroscopic, fluid-filled space within and between tissues, a novel expansion and specification of the concept of the h…

GMN 14352 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16682