1948 PATON, Sir William Drummond Macdonald (1917 – 1993); ZAIMIS, Eleanor (1915 – 1982)
Curare-like action of polymethylene bis-quaternary ammonium salts.
Methonium compounds. See also the same journal, 1948, 162, 810.
GMN 1929.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6466
1948 ALVING, Alf Sven (1902 – 1965)
Pentaquine (Sn-13,276), a therapeutic agent effective in reducing the relapse rate in vivax malaria.
Clinical trials of pentaquine. With B. Craige, R. Jones, C. M. Whorton, T. N. Pullman, and L. Eichelberger.
GMN 5261.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8548
1948 AXELROD, Julius (1912 – 2004); BRODIE, Bernard Beryl (1907 – 1989)
The estimation of acetanilide and its metabolic products, aniline, N-acetyl p-aminophenol and p-aminophenol (free and total conjugated) in biological fluids and tissues.
Brodie and Axelrod confirmed that paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, was the major metabolite of acetanilide in human blood, and established that it was efficacious an analgesic. Unlike its precursors, paraceta…
GMN 7802 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9974
1948 DUGGAR, Benjamin Minge (1872 – 1956)
Aureomycin; a product of the continuing search for new antibiotics.
Discovery of clortetracycline (trade name Aureomycin, Lederle) the first tetracycline antibiotic identified. Duggar,a plant physiologist, identified the antibiotic as the product of an actinomycete he cultured from a …
GMN 7863 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10035
1948 MASSELL, Benedict Frank (1906 – 2008); DOW, J. W.; JONES, Thomas Duckett (1899 – 1954)
Orally administered penicillin in patients with rheumatic fever.
Massell and colleagues demonstrated that rheumatic fever could be prevented by penicillin treatment of streptococcal throat infections. (Order of authorship in the original publication: Massell, Dow, Jones.) See also:…
GMN 12359 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14583
1949 BOUSSEL, Patrice
Histoire illustrée de la pharmacie.
GMN 2064 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2345
1949 JARAMILLO-ARANGO, Jaime (1897 – 1962)
A critical review of the basic facts in the history of cinchona.
GMN 2065 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2349
1949 WAKSMAN, Selman Abraham (1888 – 1973); LECHEVALIER, Hubert Arthur (1926 – 2015)
Neomycin, a new antibiotic active against streptomycin-resistant bacteria, including tuberculosis organisms.
Isolation of neomycin.
GMN 1944 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2804
1949 HANSON, Frederick Reuben (1921 – ); EBLE, Thomas Eugene (1923 – )
An antiphage agent isolated from Aspergillus sp.
Isolation of fumagillin, an antibiotic with amoebicidal activity. See also Science, 1951, 113, 202-3.
GMN 1945 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2806
1949 JONES, Reuben G.
Imidazoles. IV. The synthesis and antithyroid activity of some 1-substituted-2-mercaptoimidazoles.
Synthesis of methimazole (mercazole, thiamazole), an antithyroid drug more potent than methylthiouracil. With E. C. Kornfeld, K. C. McLaughlin, and R. C. Anderson.
GMN 3855.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4894
1949 PATON, Sir William Drummond Macdonald (1917 – 1993); ZAIMIS, Eleanor (1915 – 1982)
The pharmacological actions of polymethylene bistrimethyl-ammonium salts.
Introduction of hexamethonium bromide.
GMN 5727 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6468
1949 ABRAHAM, Sir Edward Penley (1913 – 1999); CHAIN, Sir Ernst Boris (1906 – 1979); FLOREY, Howard Walter (1898 – 1968); HEATLEY, Norman George (1911 – 2004); SANDERS, A. G.; JENNINGS, Margaret Augusta (1904 – 1994); FLOREY, Lady Mary Ethel (1900 – 1966)
Antibiotics: A survey of penicillin, streptomycin, and other antimicrobial substances from fungi, actinomycetes, bacteria, and plants. 2 vols.
Order of authorship of the original set: H. W. Florey, Chain, Heatley, Jennings, Sanders, Abraham, M. E. Florey.
GMN 12613 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14853
1949 ROBINSON, Sir Robert (1886 – 1975); CLARKE, Hans Thacher (1887 – 1972); JOHNSON, John Raven (1900 – 1983)
The chemistry of penicillin.
The National Academy of Sciences arranged for the preparation of this summary, with Clarke and Johnson representing the United States on the editorial board, and Robinson representing Britain. The 1120 page book was p…
GMN 12634 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14875
1949 HODGKIN, Dorothy Crowfoot (1910 – 1994); ROGERS-LOW, Barbara Wharton (1920 – 2019)
X-ray crystallographic investigation of the structure of penicillin. IN: Clarke, Johnson, Robinson (eds.) Chemistry of penicillin (1949) 310-67.
Hodgkin and colleagues, including biochemist Barbara Low, solved the structure of penicillin in 1945, demonstrating, contrary to scientific opinion at the time, that it contains a β-lactam ring. The discovery was orig…
GMN 12635 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14876
1950 FINLAY, Alexander Carpenter (1906 – ); ET AL
Terramycin, a new antibiotic.
Oxtetracycline (terramycin).
GMN 1945.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2807
1950 GRAHAM, Evarts Ambrose (1883 – 1957); WYNDER, Ernst Ludwig (1922 – 1999)
Tobacco smoking as a possible etiologic factor in bronchogenic carcinoma: A study of 684 proved cases.
A case-control study proving an association between heavy prolonged cigarette smoking and bronchogenic carcinoma. See also the following paper on pp. 336-38. Reprinted in J. Amer. med. Assoc. 1985, 253, 2986-97.
GMN 3215.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4362
1950 EDGCOMB, John Harold (1924 – 2007); ET AL
Primaquine, S.N. 13,272, a new curative agent in vivax malaria: a preliminary report.
Introduction of primaquine.
GMN 5262.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8552
1951 URDANG, George (1882 – 1960)
The development of pharmacopoeias.
Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.
GMN 2067 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2354
1951 ABRAHAM, Sir Edward Penley (1913 – 1999); BURTON, H. S.
Isolation of antibiotics from a species of Cephalosporium. Cephalosporins P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5.
GMN 1945.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2809
1951 FINLAY, Alexander Carpenter (1906 – ); ET AL
Viomycin, a new antibiotic active against mycobacteria.
Isolation of viomycin. With 11 co-authors.
GMN 1945.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2810
1951 HAZEN, Elizabeth Lee (1885 – 1975); BROWN, Rachel Fuller (1898 – 1980)
Fungicidin, an antibiotic produced by a soil actinomycete.
Isolation of nystatin (fungicidin).
GMN 1945.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2811
1951 FALCO, E. A.
2:4-Diaminopyrimidines – a new series of antimalarials.
Preparation and laboratory tests of pyrimethamine. With L. G. Goodwin, G. H. Hutchings, I. M. Rollo, and P. B. Russell.
GMN 5262.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8553
1951 ROLLO, Ian McIntosh (1926 – 2015)
A 2:4-diamino pyrimidine in the treatment of proguanil-resistant laboratory malarial strains.
Pyrimethamine (daraprim).
GMN 5262.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8554
1951 ROTH, Grace M. (1894 – 1982)
Tobacco and the cardiovascular system: The effects of smoking and of nicotine on normal persons.
GMN 11699 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13900
1952 MÜLLER, J. M.; ET AL
Reserpin, der sedative Wirkstoff aus Rauwolfia serpentina Benth.
Isolation of reserpine. With E. Schlittler and H. J. Bein.
GMN 1931 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2750
1952 MCGUIRE, James Myrlin (1909 – ); ET AL
“Ilotycin”, a new antibiotic.
Discovery of erythromycin. With R. L. Bunch, R. C. Anderson, H. E. Boaz, E. H. Flynn, H. M. Powell, and J. W. Smith.
GMN 1946 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2812
1952 ROBITZEK, Edward Heinrich (1912 – 1984); ET AL
Chemotherapy of human tuberculosis with hydrazine derivatives of isonicotinic acid. (Preliminary report of representative cases.)
Introduction of isoniazid. With I. J. Selikoff and G. G. Omstein. See also Amer. Rev. Tuberc., 1952, 65, 257-442.
GMN 2353 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3139
1952 LEDERBERG, Joshua (1925 – 2008); LEDERBERG, Esther (1922 – 2006)
Replica plating and indirect selection of bacterial mutants.
Demonstration of the mutational basis of antibiotic resistance. Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.
GMN 9719 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11906
1952 FLOREY, Lady Mary Ethel (1900 – 1966)
The clinical application of antibiotics. Penicillin.
Printed on the title page: "This volume, although a separate publication, is a continuation of the work described in Antibiotics Volumes I and II, and may be read in conjunction with it." (Thanks to Juan Weiss for thi…
GMN 12615 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14855
1953 CHANG, Min Chueh (1908 – 1991); PINCUS, Gregory Goodwin (1903 – 1967)
The effects of progesterone and related compounds on ovulation and early development in the rabbit.
First practical demonstration of an oral contraceptive.
GMN 1931.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2754
1953 –1959 LAGUNA DE SEGOVIA, Andrés [LACUNA] (1499 – 1559); DIOSCORIDES, Pedanius [Πεδάνιος Διοσκουρίδης] (40 – 90); DUBLER, César E. (1915 – 1966)
La "Materia médica" de Dioscórides: Transmisión medieval y renacentista by César E. Dubler. Vol. I: La transmisión medieval y renacentista y la supervivencia en la medicina popular moderna de la "Materia médica" de Dioscórides, estudiada particularmente en España y África del Norte. Vol. 2: La versión árabe de la 'Materia Médica' de Dioscórides (texto, variantes e indices): estudio de la transcripción de los nombres griegos al árabe y comparación de las versiones griega, árabe y castellana. Vol. 3: La "Materia médica" de Dioscórides traducida y comentada por D. Andrés de Laguna (Texto crítico). Vol. 4: D. Andrés de Laguna y su época. Vol. 5: Glosario médico castellano del siglo XVI. Prólogo de Gregorio Marañón. Vol. 6: Indices generales y léxico especial de Andrés de Laguna.
GMN 9245 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11427
1954 ABRAHAM, Sir Edward Penley (1913 – 1999); ET AL
Purification and some properties of cephalosporin N, a new penicillin.
With G. G. F. Newton and C. W. Hale.
GMN 1947 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2813
1954 DJERASSI, Carl (1923 – 2015); MIRAMONTES CARDÉNAS, Luis Ernesto (1925 – 2004); ROSENKRANZ, George (1916 – ); SONDHEIMER, Franz (1926 – 1981)
Steroids. LIV.Synthesis of 19-Nov-17α-ethynyltestosterone and 19-Nor-17α-methyltestosterone.
Synthesis of Norethisterone (or norethindrone) (or 19-nor-17α-ethynyltestosterone), the first highly active progestin analog that was effective when taken by mouth. This molecule became part of one of the first succes…
GMN 7085 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9252
1954 KRAMER, Samuel Noah (1897 – 1990)
First pharmacopeia in man's recorded history.
The most ancient testimony concerning the opium poppy found to date was inscribed in cuneiform script on a small white clay tablet at the end of the third millennium BC. This tablet was discovered in 1954 during excav…
GMN 11916 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14121
1955 ABRAHAM, Sir Edward Penley (1913 – 1999); NEWTON, Guy G. F. (1920 – 1969)
Cephalosporin C, a new antibiotic containing sulpher and d-x aminoadipic acid.
GMN 1947.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2814
1955 –1956 GOLD, W; ET AL
Amphotericins A and B, antifungal antibiotics produced by a streptomycete.
With six co-authors.
GMN 1947.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2815
1955 FARBER, Sidney (1903 – 1973)
Carcinolytic action of antibiotics: puromycin and actinomycin.
GMN 2660.8 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3389
1955 FRAENKEL-CONRAT, Heinz Ludwig (1910 – 1999); WILLIAMS, Robley Cook (1908 – 1995)
Reconstitution of active tobacco mosaic virus from its inactive protein and nucleic acid components.
First reconstitution of a virus.
GMN 2527 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3465
1955 –1970 GRMEK, Mirko Dražen (1924 – 2000)
Bibliographia medica Croatica. Hrvatska medicinska bibliografija. 2 vols.
Croatian medical, pharmaceutical and veterinary bibliography; Dio 1, Sr. I, 1470-1875; Sr. II, 1875-1918.
GMN 6581.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8489
1955 DAEMS, Willem Frans (1911 – 1994); VANDEWIELE, Leo J.
Noord- en Zuidnederlandse Stedelijke Pharmacopeeën.
GMN 9593 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11780
1955 MCGUIRE, James Myrlin (1909 – ); MCCORMICK, M. H.; PITTENGER, G. E.
Vancomycin, a new antibiotic. I. Chemical and biologic properties.
Edmund Kornfeld, an organic chemist working at Eli Lilly, first isolated Vancomycin in 1953 from a soil sample collected from the interior jungles of Borneo by a missionary, Rev. William M. Bouw (1918-2006). The organ…
GMN 11468 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13667
1956 –1960 EHRLICH, Paul (1854 – 1915); HIMMELWEIT, Fred (1902 – 1977)
Collected papers of Paul Ehrlich. Compiled and edited by F. Himmelweit. 3 vols.
Vol. I: Histology, biochemistry, and pathology, Vol. 2: Immunology and cancer research; Vol. 3: Chemotherapy. Most texts are in German. English translations are also published when available. The set includes new Engl…
GMN 86.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1453
1956 HATA, Toju (1908 – 2004); ET AL
Mitomycin, a new antibiotic from streptomyces.
Isolation of mitomycin C, effective in Hodgkin’s disease and lymphoma. With six co-authors.
GMN 1947.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2817
1956 DAVEY, Thomas Frank (1908 – 1983); CURRIE, Gordon
Clinical trials of diphenyl thiourea compound SU 1906 (Ciba 1509E) in the treatment of leprosy. Progress during the first year.
Introduction of diphenylthiourea (thiambutosine) therapy.
GMN 2442.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2927
1957 UMEZAWA, Hamao; ET AL
Production and isolation of a new antibiotic, kanamycin.
With nine co-authors.
GMN 1947.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2818
1957 UNGAR, Georges (1906 – 1977); ET AL
Pharmacological studies of a new oral hypoglycemic drug.
Phenformin, a biguanide formerly used in diabetes. With L. Freedman and S. L. Shapiro. Clinical report on pp. 193-4.
GMN 3978.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4770
1957 TRAIN, Percy; ARCHER, William Andrew (1894 – 1973); HEINRICHS, James R.
Medicinal uses of plants by Indian tribes of Nevada. Contributions toward a flora of Nevada. No. 45. Revised edition, with summary of pharmacological research by W. Andrew Archer, Nov. 26, 1957.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link. (First published in 1941.)
GMN 9272 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11454
1957 MOTULKSY, Arno G. (1923 – 2018)
Drug reactions, enzymes and biochemical genetics.
Motulsky clearly stated that inheritance might explain many individual differences in the efficacy of drugs and in the occurence of adverse drug reactions.
GMN 9726 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11913
1957 SHEEHAN, John Clark (1915 – 1992); HENERY-LOGAN, Kenneth Robert (1921 – 2006)
The total synthesis of penicillin V.
Sheehan and Henery-Logan reported the step by step synthesis of penicillin V (phenoxymethylpenicillin) and the cyclization of the beta lactam ring, key to creation of beta-lactam antibiotics. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for…
GMN 12633 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14874
1957 CARLSSON, Arvid (1923 – 2018); LINDQVIST, Margit; MAGNUSSON, Tor
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-Hydroxytryptophan as reserpine rntagonists.
Carlsson demonstrated that dopamine was a neurotransmitter in the brain and not just a precursor for norepinephrine. Digital facsimile from nature.com at this link. In 2000 Arvid Carlsson shared the Nobel Prize in Phy…
GMN 14250 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16569
![DIOSCORIDES, Pedanius [Πεδάνιος Διοσκουρίδης] (40 – 90)](/media/portraits/2028)
