1878 KÜHNE, Wilhelm Friedrich (1837 – 1900)
Ueber den Sehpurpur.
Kühne was Professor of Physiology at Amsterdam and Heidelberg. Among his best work is his investigation of visual purple (rhodopsin) which he was first to extract from the retina. Several other papers by him on the sa…
GMN 1519 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2624
1878 SELLERBECK, Heinrich (1842 – )
Ueber Keratoplastik.
Sellerbeck was first to use human donor corneas for transplants. He was not very successful, probably because the antiseptics employed were too strong.
GMN 5916.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6818
1878 LAMSON, Mary Swift (1822 – 1909)
The life and education of Laura Dewey Bridgman, the deaf, dumb, and blind girl.
Biography of Laura Bridgman (1829-89, the first deaf-blind person ever to read, write, and converse in the finger alphabet. The book includes a signed holograph facsimile of Bridgman's widely circulated religious poem…
GMN 7745 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9917
1879 NOTHNAGEL, Carl Wilhelm Hermann (1841 – 1905)
Topische Diagnostik der Gehirnkrankheiten.
On p. 220 is the description of unilateral oculomotor paralysis combined with cerebellar ataxia, “Nothnagel’s syndrome”.
GMN 4560 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/424
1879 THOMSON, William (1833 – 1907)
On astigmatism as a cause for persistent headache and other nervous symptoms.
Thomson was a pioneer in the study of refraction. He was much interested in color-blindness and modified Holmgren’s wool-skein test. Himself affected with hypermetropia, he made important investigations on this condit…
GMN 5917 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6819
1880 –1881 TAY, Waren (1843 – 1927)
Symmetrical changes in the region of the yellow spot in each eye of an infant.
Tay was the first to describe amaurotic familial idiocy, his paper dealing mainly with the ocular manifestations. The condition later became known as “Tay-Sachs’s disease” (see also No. 4705).
GMN 5918 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6822
1880 –1889 WECKER, Louis de (1832 – 1909); LANDOLT, Edmond (1846 – 1926)
Traité complet de l’ophtalmologie. 4 vols.
GMN 5919 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6827
1881 JAVAL, Louis Émile (1839 – 1907); SCHIÖTZ, Hjalmar (1850 – 1927)
Un ophtalmomètre pratique.
Javal and Schiötz here describe an ophthalmometer invented by them.
GMN 5920 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6831
1881 CREDÉ, Carl Siegmund Franz (1819 – 1892)
Die Verhütung der Augenentzüngung der Neugeborenen.
Credé introduced the practice of instillation of silver nitrate into the eyes of all newborn children as a preventive measure against ophthalmia neonatorum. Separate expanded edition with the same title, Berlin: A. Hi…
GMN 5924 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7555
1882 DEUTSCHMANN, Richard (1852 – 1935)
Ein experimenteller Beitrag zur Pathogenese der sympathischen Augen-Entzündung.
Deutschmann was the chief protagonist of the infective theory of sympathetic ophthalmia.
GMN 5921 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6834
1882 PLACIDO DA COSTA, Antonio (1849 – 1916)
Neue Instrumente.
Introduction of the keratoscope.
GMN 5922 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6836
1883 COHN, Hermann Ludwig (1838 – 1906)
Die Hygiene des Auges in den Schulen.
Cohn did much to promote school hygiene. He advocated regular examination of the eyes of school children, an idea which was put into practice in 1885. An English translation of the book appeared in 1886.
GMN 1622 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1953
1883 KOCH, Robert Heinrich Hermann (1843 – 1910)
Bericht über die Thätigkeit der deutschen Cholerakommission in Aegypten und Ostindien.
Koch–Weeks bacillus, Hemophilus conjunctivitidis, or Hemophilus aegyptius. Koch discovered the bacilli of two varieties of Egyptian conjunctivitis. See also No. 5930.
GMN 5923 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6839
1884 MÖBIUS, Paul Julius (1853 – 1907)
Ueber periodisch wiederkehrende Oculomotoriuslähmung.
“Möbius’s disease” – ophthalmoplegic migraine.
GMN 4567 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/435
1884 KOLLER, Carl (1857 – 1944)
Vorläufige Mitteilung über locale Anästheserung am Auge.
Introduction of cocaine as a local anesthetic; this was the first local anesthetic employed (16 September 1884). Freud (No. 1880.1) is accredited by some with this innovation, but in this connection see the letter by …
GMN 5678 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7365
1884 KOLLER, Carl (1857 – 1944); KNAPP, Jacob Hermann (1832 – 1911)
On cocaine and its use in ophthalmic and general surgery.
Knapp translated Koller's paper (No. 5678) into English and with the English translation published a large amount of supplementary material by American surgeons who had recently experimented with cocaine as a local an…
GMN 8655 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10832
1885 LOCKWOOD, Charles Barrett (1856 – 1914)
The anatomy of the muscles, ligaments and fasciae of the orbit, including an account of the capsule of Tenon, the check ligaments of the recti, and the suspensory ligaments of the eye.
“Lockwood’s suspensory ligament” of the globe of the eye.
GMN 1520 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2626
1885 FUCHS, Ernst (1851 – 1930)
Die periphere Atrophie des Sehnerven.
Peripheral atrophy of the optic nerve was described by Fuchs and called “Fuchs’s optic atrophy”.
GMN 5926 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6848
1885 HIRSCHBERG, Julius (1843 – 1925)
Der Electromagnet in der Augenheilkunde.
The introduction of the electromagnet into ophthalmology. A pupil of Helmholtz, Hirschberg was one of the most voluminous writers in the field of ophthalmology. Besides his dictionary (see No. 5932) he wrote a classic…
GMN 5927 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6851
1885 MULES, Philip Henry (1843 – 1905)
On the surgical, physiological, and aesthetic advantages of the artificial vitreous body.
“Mules’s operation”, evisceration of the eyeball with insertion of artificial vitreous.
GMN 5928 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6855
1886 HÖGYES, Endre (1847 – 1906)
Ueber Nystagmus und associierte Augenbewegungsversuche bei Hystero-Epileptischen.
Rotational nystagmus described. First published in Magyar in Orvosi Hetilap, 1886, 30, 857, 889.
GMN 3389.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5109
1886 PANAS, Photinos (1832 – 1903)
D’un nouveau precédé opératoire applicable au ptosis congénital et au ptosis paralytique.
An operation for congenital and paralytic ptosis was introduced by Panas.
GMN 4572 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6856
1886 WEEKS, John Elmer (1853 – 1949)
The bacillus of acute conjunctival catarrh or “pink eye”.
In 1883 Koch discovered the bacilli of two different forms of infectious conjunctivitis (Egyptian ophthalmia); in 1886. Weeks discovered the same organism to be the cause of “pink-eye”. The organism has become known a…
GMN 5930 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6860
1887 –1888 COHN, Hermann Ludwig (1838 – 1906)
Die ärztliche Ueberwachung der Schulen zur Verhütung der Verbreitung der Kurzsichtigkeit.
Cohn was a pioneer in his advocacy of the routine examination of the eyes of schoolchildren.
GMN 5931 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6863
1887 HIRSCHBERG, Julius (1843 – 1925)
Wörterbuch der Augenheilkunde.
GMN 5932 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6867
1888 HENSCHEN, Salomon Eberhard (1847 – 1930)
Kort öfversigt af läran om lokalisationen i hjernbarken.
Discovery of the cortical visual center.
GMN 1521 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2629
1888 HIPPEL, Arthur von (1841 – 1917)
Eine neue Methode der Hornhauttransplantation.
Modern keratoplasty is based on the technique introduced by von Hippel.
GMN 5933 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6870
1889 BENEDIKT, Moritz (1835 – 1920)
Tremblement avec paralysie croisée du moteur oculaire commun.
“Benedikt’s syndrome”–paralysis of the oculomotor nerve on one side with intensive trembling of the other side. English translation in Wolf, The classical brain stem syndromes, Springfield, Charles CThomas, 1971.
GMN 4576 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/446
1889 FUCHS, Ernst (1851 – 1930)
Keratitis punctata superficialis.
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis first described.
GMN 5934 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6875
1889 FUCHS, Ernst (1851 – 1930)
Lehrbuch der Augenheilkunde.
Fuchs’s textbook was an outstanding contribution to the literature, and was translated into many languages. The last English edition appeared in 1933.
GMN 5935 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6885
1889 PARINAUD, Henri (1844 – 1905); GALEZOWSKI, Xavier (1832 – 1907)
Conjonctivite infectieuse transmise par les animaux.
Parinaud described an infectious tuberculous conjunctivitis transmissible from animals to man. In 1924 Gifford suggested the name “Parinaud’s oculo-glandular syndrome” as a more suitable description. See also Rec. Oph…
GMN 5936 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6889
1891 EDRIDGE-GREEN, Frederick William (1863 – 1953)
Colour-blindness and colour-perception.
Includes (p. 262 et seq.) description of Edridge-Green’s lantern test for color-blindness. This was officially adopted in Great Britain in 1915 in place of the Holmgren test.
GMN 5937 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6893
1892 FERRY, Ervin Sidney (1868 – 1956)
Persistence of vision.
Ferry modified Weber’s law on the relationship between stimulus and sensation. Following the work of Porter, Proc. roy. Soc. (Lond.), 1898, 63, 347; 1902, 70, 313, the term “Ferry–Porter Law” came into being.
GMN 1473 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2440
1892 MIKULICZ-RADECKI, Jan (Johann Freiherr von) (1850 – 1905)
Ueber eine eigenartige symmetrische Erkrankung der Thränen- und Mundspeicheldrüsen.
First description of the syndrome of symmetrical inflammation of the lacrymal and salivary glands (“Mikulicz’s disease”). English translation in Medical Classics, 1937, 2, 165-86.
GMN 3506 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3958
1892 BOWMAN, Sir William (1816 – 1892); BURDON-SANDERSON, Sir John Scott (1828 – 1905); HULKE, John Whitaker (1830 – 1895)
The collected papers of Sir W. Bowman. Edited by J. Burdon-Sanderson and J. W. Hulke. 2 vols.
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 12786 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15032
1893 LADD-FRANKLIN, Christine (1847 – 1930)
Eine neue Theorie der Licht-Empfindung.
Ladd-Franklin theory of vision.
GMN 1522 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2847
1894 CAJAL, Santiago Ramón y (1852 – 1934)
Die Retina der Wirbelthiere…In Verbindung mit dem Verfasser zusammengestellt, übersetzt und mit Einleitung versehen von Dr. Richard Greef.
Classic account of the vertebrate retina. First published in the Belgian review La Cellule, and later translated into German with extensive additions by Ramón y Cajal. Translated into English by Sylvia A. Thorpe and M…
GMN 1523 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3620
1894 AXENFELD, Karl Theodor Paul Polykarpos (1867 – 1930)
Ueber die eitrige metastatische Ophthalmie, besonders ihre Aetiologie und prognostische Bedeutung.
Classic account of metastatic ophthalmia.
GMN 5938 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6897
1894 PARINAUD, Henri (1844 – 1905)
Conjonctivite lacrymale à pneumocoques des nouveau-nés.
GMN 5939 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6899
1895 ROBERTSON, Douglas Moray Cooper Lamb Argyll (1837 – 1909)
Case of Filaria loa in which the parasite was removed from under the conjunctiva.
First detailed description of Loa loa. See also Trans. ophthal. Soc. U.K., 1897, 17, 227-32. Robertson first briefly mentioned this procedure and the Loa Loa worm in a brief article written for him by the editor of La…
GMN 5347.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6817
1895 HIPPEL, Eugen von (1867 – 1939)
Vorstellung eines Patientin mit einem sehr ungewöhnlichen Netzhautbeziehungsweise Aderhautleiden.
First description of angiomatosis of the retina – “Hippel’s disease”.
GMN 5940 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6902
1896 KRIES, Johannes Adolf von (1853 – 1928)
Ueber die Funktion der Netzhautstäbchen.
On the function of the retinal rods.
GMN 1524 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2848
1896 MORAX, Victor (1866 – 1935)
Note sur un diplobacille pathogène pour la conjunctiva humaine.
Morax and Axenfeld (No. 5941) independently isolated a diplobacillus which causes a chronic conjunctivitis – the Morax – Axenfeld haemophilus.
GMN 5942 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6909
1897 AXENFELD, Karl Theodor Paul Polykarpos (1867 – 1930)
Beiträge zur Aetiologie der Bindehautenzündungen. Ueber chronische Diplobacillenconjunctivitis.
Description of the diplobacillary form of chronic conjunctivitis.
GMN 5941 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6905
1898 PEL, Pieter Klazes (1852 – 1919)
Augenkrisen bei Tabes dorsalis.
“Pel’s crises” – the ocular crises in tabes.
GMN 4791 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1530
1898 SCHMIDT-RIMPLER, Hermann (1838 – 1915)
Die Erkrankungen des Auges im Zusammenhang mit anderen Krankheiten.
Like Förster (No. 5915), Schmidt-Rimpler was interested in the relationship between eye diseases and general organic diseases; like Cohn (No. 5931), he was an advocate of the routine examination of the eyes of schoolc…
GMN 5943 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6913
1899 –1918 SAEMISCH, Edwin Theodor (1833 – 1909); GRAEFE, Alfred Carl (1830 – 1899)
Handbuch der gesamten Augenheilkunde. 2te. Aufl. 15 vols. [in 41].
The first edition of this great collective work, edited by Graefe and Saemisch, appeared between 1874 and 1880.
GMN 5944 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6922
1899 –1918 HIRSCHBERG, Julius (1843 – 1925)
Geschichte der Augenheilkunde. 10 pts.
This monumental work remains the authoritative encyclopaedic history of ophthalmology, up to the first decade of the 20th century. Its thoroughness and critical judgment mark it as one of the greatest of all histories…
GMN 5996 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7119
1900 GULLSTRAND, Allvar (1862 – 1930)
Allgemeine Theorie der monochromatischen Aberrationen und ihre nächsten Ergebnisse für die Ophthalmologie.
The above work is the exposition of Gullstrand's general theory of monochromatic aberrations. This is an offprint from Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Ups., 1900-01, ser. 3, 20. In 1911 Gullstrand was awarded the Nobel Prize…
GMN 5945 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6925
1900 SMITH, Henry (1862 – 1948)
Extractions of cataract in the capsule.
Smith, an officer in the Indian Medical Service, had remarkable success with his method of extraction of cataract within the capsule. He modified his operation in 1926 (Arch. Ophthal. N.Y., 55, 213-24). See also Smith…
GMN 5946 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6931
