1901 MAGNUS, Hugo Friedrich (1842 – 1907)

Die Augenheilkunde der Alten.

A history of ancient ophthalmology in which the writer has attempted to reconstruct the anatomical concepts of the ancient Greeks. Translated into English by Richey L. Waugh as Ophthalmology of the ancients, Oostende:…

GMN 5997 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7122

1901 PANSIER, Pierre (1864 – 1939)

Histoire des lunettes.

GMN 5998 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7123

1901 HIRSCHBERG, Julius (1843 – 1925)

Katalog der Bücher-Sammlung von J. Hirschberg. (Vom Verfasser Überreicht.)

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

GMN 13429 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15701

1902 EDRIDGE-GREEN, Frederick William (1863 – 1953)

Some observations on the visual purple of the retina.

Edridge-Green first put forward his theories on the function of the retinal rods and of the visual purple about 1889. See also his Physiology of vision, 1920.

GMN 1525 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2849

1902 HIRSCHBERG, Julius (1843 – 1925); AVICENNA, [Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Sīnā] (980 – 1037); LIPPERT, Julius (1839 – 1909)

Die Augenheilkunde des Ibn Sina aus dem Arabischen Übersetzt und Erläutert.

Translation of Book III, Fan III of Avicenna's Canon pertaining to the eye and its diseases. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

GMN 8824 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11002

1903 CÉSTAN, Étienne Jacques Marie Raymond (1872 – 1934); CHENAIS, Louis Jean (1872 – 1950)

Du myosis dans certaines lésions bulbaires en foyer (hémiplégie du type Avellis associée au syndrome oculaire sympathique).

“Cestan–Chenais syndrome”.

GMN 4592 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/478

1903 BATTEN, Frederick Eustace (1865 – 1918)

Cerebral degeneration with symmetrical changes in the maculae in two members of a family.

Batten disease, a fatal disease of the nervous system that typically begins in childhood. Onset of symptoms is usually between 5 and 10 years of age. Often, it is autosomal recessive. It is the common name for a group…

GMN 4712 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1175

1903 GOTCH, Francis (1853 – 1913)

The time relations of the photo-electric changes in the eyeball of the frog.

First correct electroretinograms.

GMN 1525.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2850

1903 GULLSTRAND, Allvar (1862 – 1930)

Demonstration eines Instrumentes zur Erzeugung von Strahlengebilden um leuchtende Punkte.

Gullstrand invented the slit-lamp, making possible the microscopic study of the living eye.

GMN 1525.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2851

1903 UHLENHUTH, Paul Theodor (1870 – 1957)

Zur Lehre von der Unterscheidung verschiedener Eiweissarten mit Hilfe spezifischer Sera.

Demonstration of organ-specific antigens, in this case in the proteins of the lens of the eye.

GMN 2557 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4419

1903 PANSIER, Pierre (1864 – 1939)

Histoire de l’ophtalmologie. In. P.F. Lagrange and E. Valude: Encyclopédie française d’ophtalmologie, Paris, 1, 1-86.

GMN 5999 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7126

1903 BOCK, Emil (1857 – 1916)

Die Brille und ihre Geschichte.

GMN 6000 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7128

1904 MAYOU, Marmaduke Stephen (1876 – 1934)

Cerebral degeneration, with symmetrical changes in the maculae, in three members of a family.

“Batten-Mayou disease”, juvenile amaurotic idiocy (see also No. 4712).

GMN 4713 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1178

1904 –1908 PARSONS, Sir John Herbert (1868 – 1957)

The pathology of the eye. 4 vols.

GMN 5947 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6934

1904 TOTI, Addeo (1861 – )

Nuovo metodo conservatore di cura radicale delle suppurazioni croniche del sacco lacrimale (dacriocistorinostomia).

Toti’s account of dacryocystorhinostomy, a procedure he himself introduced.

GMN 5948 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6938

1905 HEINE, Leopold (1870 – 1940)

Die Cyklodialyse, eine neue Glaukomoperation.

Introduction of cyclodialysis in glaucoma.

GMN 5949 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6941

1905 PUSCHMANN, Theodor (1844 – 1899); HORSTMANN, Carl (1847 – 1912)

Geschichte der Augenheilkunde. Handbuch der Geschichte de Medizin 3, 489-572

GMN 6001 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7133

1905 HIRSCHBERG, Julius (1843 – 1925); LIPPERT, Julius (1839 – 1909); MITTWOCH, Eugen (1876 – 1942)

Die arabischen Lehrbücher der Augenheilkunde. Ein Capitel zur arabischen Litteraturegeschichte. Unter Mitwirkung von J. Lippert und E. Mittwoch. Bearbeitet von J. Hirschberg.

Digital facsimile of the 1905 edition from the Internet Archive at this link. Translated into English as The Arabian Ophthalmologists, compiled from original texts by J. Hirschberg, J. Lippert and E. Mittwoch and tran…

GMN 12519 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14754

1906 MARKUS, Charles

Notes on a peculiar pupil phenomenon in cases of partial iridoplegia.

Markus was among the first to describe the condition known as “Adie’s syndrome” (No. 4611).

GMN 5950 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6945

1906 ZIRM, Eduard Konrad (1863 – 1944)

Eine erfolgreiche totale Keratoplastik.

First successful corneal transplantation (keratoplasty).

GMN 5950.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6949

1906 SPILLER, William Gibson (1863 – 1940); POSEY, William Campbell (1866 – 1934)

The eye and nervous system: Their diagnostic relations by various authors. Edited by Wm. Campbell Posey and William G. Spiller.

The first comprehensive treatise in English on neuro-ophthalmology. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

GMN 13574 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15852

1907 HALBERSTÄDTER, Ludwig (1876 – 1949); PROWAZEK, Stanislaus Joseph Matthias von (1875 – 1915)

Über Zelleinschlüsse parasitärer Natur beim Trachom.

Halberstaedter and Prowazek first described the cytoplasmic inclusion bodies of trachoma, Chlamydia trachomatis.

GMN 5951 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6954

1907 HOLTH, Søren (1863 – 1937)

Iridencleisis antiglaucomatosa.

Introduction of iridencleisis for glaucoma.

GMN 5952 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6958

1907 LAGRANGE, Pierre Félix (1857 – 1928)

Nouveau traitement du glaucome chronique; iridectomie et sclérectomie combinée.

Sclerectomy for the treatment of glaucoma.

GMN 5953 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6962

1907 AXENFELD, Karl Theodor Paul Polykarpos (1867 – 1930)

Die Bakteriologie in der Augenheilkunde.

Translated into English by Angus McNab as The bacteriology of the eye (London: Ballière, Tyndall & Cox, 1908, and New York: William Wood & Co, 1908).

GMN 7395 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9567

1908 COATS, George (1876 – 1915)

Forms of retinal disease with massive exudation.

“Coats’s disease” (retinitis circinata).

GMN 5954 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6965

1908 HUBBELL, Alvin Allace (1846 – 1911)

The development of ophthalmology in America, 1800 to 1870.

Of limited value, but the only available history of early American ophthalmology.

GMN 6002 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7138

1909 ELLIOT, Robert Henry (1864 – 1936)

A preliminary note on a new operative procedure for the establishment of a filtering cicatrix in the treatment of glaucoma.

Elliot, working in 1909 at the Government Ophthalmic Hospital in Madras, began to use a trephine to make a very anterior sclerectomy under a conjunctival flap, coupled with a peripheral iridectomy. See also his Sclero…

GMN 5955 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6967

1909 STARGARDT, Karl Bruno (1875 – 1927)

Über Epithelzellveränderungen beim Trachom und andern Conjunctivalerkrankungen.

Demonstration of the inclusion bodies in ophthalmia neonatorum.

GMN 5956 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6970

1909 INOUYE, Tatsuji (1880 – 1976)

Die Sehstörungen bei Schussverletzungen der kortikalen Sehsphäre, nach Beobachtungen an Verwundeten der letzten japanischen Kriege.

During and after Japan’s war with Russia (1904-1905 ) Inouye tested the visual fields in wounded soldiers for insurance purposes, and set out his observations in this work. English translation: Glickstein, M. & Fahle,…

GMN 7397 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9569

1909 CUSHING, Harvey Williams (1869 – 1939); BORDLEY, James Jr. (1874 – 1956)

Observations on choked disc, with especial reference to decompressive cranial operations.

The diagnostic value for neurosurgery of changes in the optic nerve caused by increased intracranial pressure.

GMN 10720 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12914

1910 ELSCHNIG, Anton (1863 – 1939)

Studien zur sympathischen Ophthalmie. 1. Wirkung von Antigenen vom Augeninnem aus.

Elschnig suggested the anaphylactic theory of the pathogenesis of sympathetic ophthalmia.

GMN 5957 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6973

1910 HERBERT, Herbert (1865 – 1942)

The small flap incision for glaucoma.

Herbert’s small flap sclerotomy.

GMN 5958 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6975

1911 GULLSTRAND, Allvar (1862 – 1930)

Einführung in die Methoden der Dioptrik des Auges des Menschen.

Discovery of the intracapsular mechanism of accommodation.

GMN 1526 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2852

1911 HULEN, Vard Houghton (1865 – 1939)

Vacuum fixation of the lens and flap suture in the extraction of a cataract in its capsule.

Hulen devised a vacuum method of cataract extraction.

GMN 5959 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6976

1912 BOTTERI, Albert (1879 – 1955)

Klinische, experimentelle und mikroskopische Studien über Trachom, Einschlussblenorrhöe und Frühjahrskatarrh.

Filtration of the virus of inclusion conjunctivitis.

GMN 5960 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6978

1912 NICOLLE, Charles Jules Henri (1866 – 1936); ET AL

Le magot animal réactif du trachôme. Filtrabilité du virus. Pouvoir infectant des larmes.

Filtration of the trachoma agent, Chlamydia trachomatis. With L. Blaisot and A. Cuénod.

GMN 5961 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6981

1912 PURTSCHER, Ottmar (1852 – 1927)

Angiopathia retinae traumatica. Lymphorrhagien des Augengrundes.

“Purtscher’s disease”, traumatic angiopathy of the retina, first described.

GMN 5962 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6984

1912 STANCULEANU, Gheorghe (1874 – )

Intrakapsuläre Staroperationen.

Stanculeanu’s technique for cataract extraction.

GMN 5963 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6988

1912 LLEWELLYN, T. Lister

The causes and prevention of miners' nystagmus.

Abstract "Miners' nystagmus is an occupational neurosis which is confined to workers in coal mines. The chief symptom and physical sign is a rotatory oscillation of the eyeballs, which prevents the miner from accurate…

GMN 12589 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14829

1913 LEIPER, Robert Thomson (1881 – 1969)

Important discovery in tropical medicine: Metamorphosis of Filaria Loa.

Leiper discovered diurnal periodicity in Filaria Loa, as the worm embryos are found in the blood only during day, as an adaptation to the day-biting habits of their insect vector, a biting fly of the genus Chrysopa. T…

GMN 11249 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13446

1915 KNAPP, Arnold Hermann (1869 – 1956)

Report of one hundred successive extractions of cataract in the capsule after subluxation with the capsule forceps.

Knapp’s method of extraction of cataract with forceps. See also his later paper in the same journal, 1921, 50, 426-30.

GMN 5964 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6992

1916 REITER, Hans Conrad Julius (1881 – 1969)

Ueber eine bisher unerkannte Spirochäteninfektion (Spirochaetosis arthritica).

“Reiter’s syndrome”, a disease of males characterized by initial diarrhea, urethritis, conjunctivitis, and arthritis. Reiter was a German Nazi physician and war criminal who conducted medical experiments at Buchenwald…

GMN 6371 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8304

1917 BARRAQUER, Ignacio (1884 – 1965); ANDUYNED

Un procédé d’extrême douceur pour l’extraction “in toto” de la cataracte.

Attempts to extract cataract by suction and aspiration date from ancient times. Barraquer employed a special machine of his own invention. His co-author Anduyned, seems to be identified by last name only.

GMN 5965 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6994

1917 ISHIHARA, Shinobu (1879 – 1963)

Tests for colour-blindness.

Ishihara’s color tests. 15th ed., 1960.

GMN 5966 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6997

1917 WOOD, Casey Albert (1856 – 1942)

The fundus oculi of birds especially as viewed by the ophthalmoscope. A study in comparative anatomy and physiology. Illustrated by 143 drawings... also by sixty-one colored paintings prepared for this work by Arthur W. Head.

Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library, Internet Archive, at this link.

GMN 7116 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9283

1917 ELLIOT, Robert Henry (1864 – 1936)

The Indian operation of couching for cataract. Incorporating The Hunterian Lectures....

Prefaced by an extensive historical introduction; the remainder of the text being of historical significance in the 21st century. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

GMN 12959 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15206

1918 –1973 PURKYNĔ, Jan Evangelista [PURKINJE] (1787 – 1869)

Sebrané spisy. Opera omnia. Tom. 1-12.

Purkynĕ was Professor of Physiology at Breslau and Prague. Eminent as physiologist and microscopist, he was first to use the microtome. See Kruta, V. J.E. Purkynĕ, Physiologist. A short account of his contributions…wi…

GMN 82 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1378

1921 VOGT, Alfred (1879 – 1943)

Atlas der Spaltlampenmikroskopie des lebenden Auges.

An important work on the biomicroscopy of the eye. Second ed. greatly revised and enlarged, vol. 1-2, Springer, 1930-31; vol. 3, Stuttgart, F. Enke, 1942; vol. 3 (English translation) Zurich, 1947. Second ed. reprinte…

GMN 1527 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2853

1921 GREEFF, Richard (1862 – 1938)

Die Erfindung der Augengläser.

GMN 6003 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7145