1846 WALSHE, Walter Hayle (1812 – 1892)
The nature and treatment of cancer.
The earliest account of the recognition of fragments of malignant tissue. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 2612.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3110
1846 FULLER, Henry William (1820 – 1873)
Particulars of a case in which enormous enlargement of the spleen and liver, together with dilatation of all the blood vessels of the body, were found coincident with a peculiarly altered condition of the blood.
Leukemia diagnosed during life as the result of a blood examination.
GMN 3062.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3714
1846 DALRYMPLE, John (1804 – 1852)
On the microscopical character of mollifies ossium.
Report of the histological examination of bone material containing multiple myeloma from the patient described by Macintyre (No. 4327).
GMN 4325.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5550
1847 VIRCHOW, Rudolf Ludwig Karl (1821 – 1902)
Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte des Krebses.
While still a young man Virchow founded the above journal. He wrote a fine paper on cancer and suggested that the exciting cause is local irritation.
GMN 2613 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3113
1850 MACINTYRE, William (1791 – 1857)
Case of mollities and fragilitas ossium.
Multiple myeloma first described.
GMN 4327 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5554
1851 LEIDY, Joseph (1823 – 1891)
Transplantation of malignant tumors.
First experimental transplantation of tumors.
GMN 2614 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3116
1851 ADAMS, John (1806 – 1877)
The anatomy and diseases of the prostate gland.
Adams was the first to distinguish between hypertrophy and carcinoma of the prostate. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 4260 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5215
1851 LEBERT, Hermann (1813 – 1878)
Traité pratique des maladies cancéreuses et des affections curables confondues avec le cancer.
Lebert studied cancer cells under high magnification to discover the specific elements distinguishing them from normal cells. He classified tumors as either homeomorphous (composed of elements analogous to those of th…
GMN 6965 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9130
1852 HANNOVER, Adolph (1814 – 1894)
Om epithelioma, en særegen Svulst, som man hidtil i Almindelighed har anseet for Kræft.
Hannover coined the word “epithelioma.” He did not recognize its malignant character but maintained that metastases were produced by cancer cells arriving by way of the blood stream. Translated into German as Das Epit…
GMN 2615 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3119
1852 GREEN, Horace (1802 – 1866)
The surgical treatment of polypi of the larynx and oedema of the glottis.
Green was one of the few to remove a laryngeal tumor before the invention of the laryngoscope.
GMN 3262 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3952
1853 BUCK, Gurdon (1807 – 1877)
On the surgical treatment of morbid growths within the larynx, illustrated by an original case and statistical observations, elucidating their nature and forms.
Thyrotomy for removal of cancer of the larynx. The operation took place in May 1851, and the patient died in 1852.
GMN 3263 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3954
1854 MECKEL VON HEMSBACH, Heinrich (1821 – 1856)
Die pyämische Ophthalmie in Beziehung zur feinsten Organisation des Entzündungs-Produkts und zu der eigenthümlichen Struktur des Glaskörpers.
First account of metastatic ophthalmia.
GMN 5875 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7271
1856 VIRCHOW, Rudolf Ludwig Karl (1821 – 1902)
Ueber farblose Blutkörperchen und Leukämie. In his Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur wissenschaftlichen Medicin, pp. 147-218.
Includes his paper on “weisses Blut” (see No. 3062) and three later papers on leukemia. See No. 3006.
GMN 3064 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3731
1856 WILKS, Sir Samuel (1824 – 1911)
Cases of a peculiar enlargement of the lymphatic glands frequently associated with disease of the spleen.
Wilks really put Hodgkin’s disease “on the map”; the second paper for the first time attached Hodgkin’s name to the disease
GMN 3764 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4641
1857 FRIEDREICH, Nikolaus (1825 – 1882)
Ein neuer Fall von Leukämie.
Acute leukemia first described.
GMN 3064.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3716
1857 MIDDELDORPF, Albrecht Theodor (1824 – 1868)
De polypis oesophagi atque de tumore ejus generis primo prospere exstirpato.
First operation for tumor of the esophagus.
GMN 3456 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5585
1857 VIRCHOW, Rudolf Ludwig Karl (1821 – 1902)
Untersuchungen uber die Entwickelung des Schädelgrundes im gesunden und krankhaften Zustande und über Einfluss derselben auf Schädelform, Gesichtsbildung und Gehirnbau.
In his Investigations on the development of the base of the skull in healthy and diseased conditions, and on the influence of the same upon skull form, facial structure and brain formation Virchow laid the foundation …
GMN 13248 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15513
1858 WAGNER, Ernst Leberecht (1829 – 1888)
Der Gebärmutterkrebs.
In this work Wagner presented the first important contribution to the knowledge of the gross pathology of uterine cancer.
GMN 6045 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7370
1860 BRIGHT, Richard (1789 – 1858)
Clinical memoirs on abdominal tumours and intumescence.
GMN 2616 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3123
1863 –1867 VIRCHOW, Rudolf Ludwig Karl (1821 – 1902)
Die krankhaften Geschwülste. Vol. 1-3, Heft 1.
Although tumours were perhaps his greatest interest, Virchow never completed this work which was intended to have 30 lectures. Instead he stopped with the 25th lecture, on carcinoma, probably because of the vigorous a…
GMN 2617 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3127
1863 KOEBERLÉ, Eugène (1828 – 1915)
Exstirpation de l’utérus et des ovaires.
First successful excision of uterus and ovaries for tumor.
GMN 6052 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7393
1865 THIERSCH, Carl (1822 – 1895)
Der Epithelialkrebs namentlich der Haut. 1 vol. and atlas.
Thiersch, Professor of Surgery at Erlangen, and inventor of the method of skin grafting which bears his name, also made an important contribution to the knowledge of the histogenesis of cancer. He disproved Virchow’s …
GMN 2618 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3131
1865 SANDS, Henry Berton (1830 – 1888)
Case of cancer of the larynx, successfully removed by laryngotomy.
Laryngectomy for papillomata.
GMN 3272 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3976
1865 KOEBERLÉ, Eugène (1828 – 1915)
Documents pour servir à l’histoire de l’extirpation des tumeurs fibreuses de la matrice par la méthode suspubienne.
GMN 6053 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7396
1867 ALTHAUS, Julius (1833 – 1900)
On the electrolytic treatment of tumors, and other surgical diseases.
Althaus introduced Duchenne’s methods into England. He was the first to employ electrolysis for medical purposes. Greatly expanded third edition, 1873.
GMN 1996.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1861
1867 MOORE, Charles Hewitt (1821 – 1870)
On the influence of inadequate operations on the theory of cancer.
Modern surgical treatment of cancer is based upon principles laid down by Moore. For cancer of the breast he showed that recurrence was not due to the development of an entirely new tumor because of constitutional sus…
GMN 2619 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3136
1867 WALDEYER-HARTZ, Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von (1836 – 1921)
Die Entwicklung der Carcinome.
Waldeyer confirmed the work of Thiersch (No. 2618) on the epithelial origin of cancer, disproving Virchow’s theory (No. 2617). So great was the authority of the latter that it was not until the appearance of the secon…
GMN 2620 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3141
1867 SOLIS-COHEN, Jacob da Silva (1838 – 1927)
Removal of a fibrous polyp from the inferior anterior surface of the right vocal cord with the aid of the laryngoscope.
First successful operation for cancer of the larynx.
GMN 3274 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3982
1870 NEUMANN, Franz Ernst Christian (1834 – 1918)
Ein Fall von Leukämie mit Erkrankung des Knochenmarkes.
Neumann was the first to note changes in the bone marrow in leukemia, and he proposed the term “myelogenous leukemia”.
GMN 3066 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3719
1872 LANGHANS, Theodor (1839 – 1915)
Das maligne Lymphosarkom (Pseudoleukämie).
Langhans noted the presence of giant cells in the lesions of Hodgkin’s disease.
GMN 3767 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4651
1872 KAPOSI, Moritz Kohn (1837 – 1902)
Idiopathisches multiples Pigmentsarkom der Haut.
First description of “Kaposi’s sarcoma” – multiple idiopathic hemorrhagic sarcoma. English translation in CA, 1982, 32, 342-47.
GMN 4063 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5455
1874 GUSSENBAUER, Carl (1842 – 1903)
Ueber die erste durch Th. Billroth am Menschen ausgeführte Kehlkopf-Exstirpation und die Anwendung eines künstlichen Kehlkopfes.
The first complete excision of the larynx for cancer, performed by Billroth on 31 December 1873 and reported by Gussenbauer. The patient left the hospital in good state on 3 March 1874. Also published in Arch. klin. C…
GMN 3282 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4009
1874 PAGET, Sir James (1814 – 1899)
On disease of the mammary areola preceding cancer of the mammary gland.
First description of “Paget’s disease of the nipple” –eczema of the nipple with cancer. The paper is reprinted in Med. Classics, 1936, 1, 75-78. Paget was Sergeant Surgeon to Queen Victoria, and a great surgical patho…
GMN 5772 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6805
1875 MEYNET, Paul (1831 – 1892)
Rhumatisme articulaire subaigu avec production de tumeurs multiples dans les tissus fibreux périarticulaires et sur le périoste d’un grand nombre d’os.
Meynet was the first to draw special attention to the subcutaneous fibroid nodules in rheumatism.
GMN 4499.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/347
1875 VOLKMANN, Richard von (1830 – 1889)
Beiträge zur Chirurgie, anschliessend an einen Bericht über die Thätigkeit der chirurgischen Universitäts-Klinik zu Halle im Jahre 1873.
Contains (pp. 370-81) first description of industrial tar and paraffin cancer.
GMN 2126 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2651
1875 HAVILAND, Alfred Joseph (1824 – 1903)
The geographical distribution of heart disease and dropsy, cancer in females & phthisis in females, in England and Wales. Illustrated by six small and three large coloured maps.
Haviland used the national mortality statistics for England and Wales to develop an elaborate geographical explanation based on map analysis for the cause of heart, cancer, and tuberculosis deaths. He found that femal…
GMN 10451 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12644
1876 NOVINSKY, Mstislav Alexandrovich (1841 – 1914)
O privivanii rakovikh novoobrazovanii. [On the inoculation of cancerous neoplasms.]
Novinsky successfully transplanted two tumors in dogs. German translation in Zbl. med. Wiss., 1876, 14, 790-91. A fuller report appeared in his thesis K voprosu o privivanii zlokachestvennich novoobrazovanii (eksperim…
GMN 2620.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3144
1876 DUZAN, J.
Du cancer chez les enfants.
Duzan's thesis was the first treatise exclusively on cancer in childhood. He was able to collect 182 cases. All 182 cases were of pediatric sarcoma: 70 of the eye, 45 of the kidney, 11 of the testicle, 8 of the prosta…
GMN 11161 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13358
1877 CHIARI, Hans (1851 – 1916)
Uber drei Fälle von primärem Carcinom im Fundus und Corpus des Uterus.
Choriocarcinoma first reported.
GMN 6066.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7442
1878 GREENFIELD, William Smith (1846 – 1919)
Specimens illustrative of the pathology of lymphadenoma and leucocythemia
Greenfield also drew attention to the giant cells in lymphadenoma, which later became known as “Dorothy Reed’s giant cells” (see No. 3780).
GMN 3768 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4652
1878 FREUND, Wilhelm Alexander (1833 – 1918)
Eine neue Methode der Exstirpation des ganzen Uterus.
Freund performed the first successful abdominal hysterectomy for cancer. Although removal of the uterus by the abdominal route had been carried out earlier, to Freund belongs the credit for the invention of the operat…
GMN 6070 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7451
1879 PÉAN, Jules-Émile (1830 – 1898)
De l’ablation des tumeurs de l’estomac par la gastrectomie.
First gastrectomy for carcinoma; unsuccessful.
GMN 3472 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5644
1879 GROSS, Samuel Weissel (1837 – 1889)
Sarcoma of the long bones; based upon a study of one hundred and sixty-five cases.
First comprehensive work on bone sarcoma.
GMN 4346 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5723
1880 KOCHER, Emil Theodor (1841 – 1917)
Ueber Radicalheilung des Krebses.
Kocher’s operation of radical extirpation of the tongue for carcinoma.
GMN 3473 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5647
1880 RYDYGIER, Ludwik (1850 – 1920)
Wyçiecie raka odźwiernika zoladkowego, śmierćw 12 godzinach.
First extirpation of carcinomatous pylorus. Death after 12 hours. German translation in Dtsch. Z. Chir., 1881, 14, 252-60.
GMN 3473.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5651
1880 BILLROTH, Christian Albert Theodor (1829 – 1894)
Die Krankheiten der Brustdrüsen.
A monograph on cancer and other diseases of the breast, including a discussion of cancer in the male breast in the final chapter. This work is also significant in the history of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Dig…
GMN 5773 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6806
1881 SEMON, Sir Felix (1849 – 1921)
Clinical remarks on the proclivity of the abductor fibres of the recurrent laryngeal nerve to become affected sooner than the adductor fibres, or even exclusively, in cases of undoubted central or peripheral injury or disease of the roots or trunks of the pneumogastric, spinal accessory, or recurrent nerves.
“Semon’s law”. Of German birth, Semon became one of the greatest laryngologists in Britain. He developed the modern operation of laryngofissure for early cancer of the larynx.
GMN 3288 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4175
1881 MAFFUCCI, Angelo (1845 – 1903)
Di un caso di encondroma et angioma multiplo. Contribuzione alla genesi embrionale dei tumori.
“Maffucci’s syndrome” – cavernous hemangioma with enchondromas of skeleton, producing deformities.
GMN 4079 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5567
1881 BILLROTH, Christian Albert Theodor (1829 – 1894)
Offenes Schreiben an Herrn Dr. L. Wittelshöfer.
First successful resection of the pylorus for cancer, the Billroth I operation.
GMN 3474 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5656
1881 SCHRÖDER, Karl Ludwig Ernst (1838 – 1887)
Ueber die theilweise und vollständige Ausschneidung der carcinomatösen Gebärmutter.
GMN 6074 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7465
