1963 JOHNSON, Irving Stanley (1925 – 2014); ET AL
The Vinca alkaloids: a new class of oncolytic agents.
Clinical use of vinblastine (for Hodgkin’s disease and other lymphomas) and vincristine (for acute leukemias of childhood). With J. G. Armstrong, M. Gorman, and J. P. Burnett. Preliminary communication in J. Lab. clin…
GMN 2660.16 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3406
1964 EPSTEIN, Michael Anthony (1921 – ); BARR, Yvonne (1932 – 2016)
Cultivation in vitro of human lymphoblasts from Burkitt’s malignant lymphoma.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Epstein, Barr. Discovery of the Epstein-Barr virus, a human herpes virus causing infectious mononucleosis, and implicated in Burkitt’s lymphoma and other forms of cance…
GMN 2660.17 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3410
1964 EPSTEIN, Michael Anthony (1921 – ); BARR, Yvonne (1932 – 2016); ACHONG, Bert Geoffrey (1928 – 1996)
Virus particles in cultured lymphoblasts from Burkitt’s lymphoma.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Epstein, Achong, Barr. Presence of herpes-like virus particles in Burkitt’s tumor cells reported. The Epstein-Barr virus was the first human cancer-causing virus to be …
GMN 2660.18 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3414
1964 PULVERTAFT, Robert James Valentine (1897 – 1990)
Cytology of Burkitt’s tumour (African lymphoma).
GMN 2660.19 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3415
1964 U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE; TERRY, Luther (1911 – 1985)
Smoking and health: report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service.
Definitive 386-page throughly documented study of the carcinogenic and pulmonologic effects of smoking, and the addictive aspects of nicotine. It was published under the supervision of Surgeon-General Luther Terry. Di…
GMN 7385 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9557
1965 –1977 CLEMMESEN, Johannes (1908 – 2010)
Statistical studies in the aetiology of malignant neoplasms. 5 vols.
Acta path. microbiol. scand., Suppl. 174 (Pts. 1-2), 209, 247, 261.
GMN 2660.21 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3426
1965 DOLL, Sir William Richard Shaboe (1912 – 2005); BROWN, William Michael Court (1918 – 1968)
Mortality from cancer and other causes after radiotherapy for ankylosing spondylitis.
GMN 7790 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9962
1967 HENLE, Gertrude Szpingier (1912 – 2006); HENLE, Werner (1910 – 1987); DIEHL, Volker S. (1938 – ); HAUSEN, Harald zur (1936 – ); KOHN, G.
Herpes-type virus and chromosome marker in normal leukocytes after growth with irradiated Burkitt cells.
Hausen and colleagues showed for the first time that a cancer virus (Epstein-Barr virus) can transform healthy cells (lymphocytes) into cancer cells. This showed that viruses can cause cancer cell formation. (Order of…
GMN 12662 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14906
1968 ELLISON, Rose Ruth (1923 – 2009); ET AL
Arabinosyl cytosine: A useful agent in the treatment of acute leukemia in adults.
Cytosine arabinoside. With J. P. Holland, M. Weil, et al.
GMN 3108.9 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3838
1968 BLUMBERG, Baruch Samuel (1925 – 2011); BAYER, Manfred E. (1928 – 2015); WERNER, Barbara G.
Particles associated with Australia antigen in the sera of patients with leukemia, Down's syndrome and hepatitis.
Particles with the appearance of a virus were detected by electron microscopy in the serum of individuals with Au. These were subsequently shown to be the surface antigen particles, different from the whole virus part…
GMN 6840 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9004
1969 VAILLANCOURT, Pauline M. (1925 – 2014)
Bibliographic control of the literature of oncology 1800-1960.
Includes a short, well-documented history.
GMN 2662.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3455
1970 BALTIMORE, David (1938 – )
Viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase: RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of RNA tumour viruses.
In 1970 Baltimore and Temin discovered that certain viruses that have their genes in the form of RNA can copy the RNA "backward" into DNA in infected cells. The enyzme, reverse transcriptase, enables the manufacture o…
GMN 2660.22 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3429
1970 TEMIN, Howard Martin (1934 – 1994); MIZUTANI, Satoshi
RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of Rous sarcoma virus.
Discovery of reverse transcriptase. "In 1969, Temin and a postdoctoral fellow, Satoshi Mizutani, began searching for the enzyme that was responsible for the phenomenon of viral RNA being transferred into proviral DNA.…
GMN 2660.23 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3432
1970 DE VITA, Vincent Theodore Jr. (1935 – ); ET AL
Combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin’s disease.
Combination chemotherapy with nitrogen mustard (mustine hydrochloride), vincristine sulphate, procarbazine hydrochloride and prednisone, introduced in 1964 for the treatment of advanced Hodgkin’s disease. With A. A. S…
GMN 2660.24 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3434
1970 BIGGS, Peter Martin (1926 – ); ET AL
Field trials with an attentuated cell associated vaccine for Marek's disease.
In 1959 Biggs moved to the Houghton Poultry Research Station (HPRS) to form and head a unit to study lymphoid tumor conditions of the domestic fowl. He gave the name Marek’s disease to one of the tumor conditions, aft…
GMN 2660.26 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3438
1970 BRESLOW, Alexander (1928 – 1980)
Thickness, cross-sectional areas and depth of invasion in the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma.
Classic paper on the prognosis of melanoma. Digital facsimile available from PubMedCentral at this link.
GMN 7325 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9496
1970 GOFMAN, John William (1918 – 2007); TAMPLIN, Arthur R.
Low dose radiation and cancer.
This paper, delivered at the 1969 Nuclear Science Symposium and Nuclear Power Systems Engineering Symposium, October, 1969, provided powerful scientific evidence that the then currently allowable radiation dose (Feder…
GMN 7761 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9933
1970 STEWART, Alice Mary (1906 – 2002); KNEALE, George W.
Radiation dose effects in relation to obstetric X-rays and childhood cancers.
In this study of ten million children Stewart and Kneale showed that obstetric X-rays significantly increased the rate of childhood leukemia and cancer.
GMN 7783 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9955
1970 SHERLOCK, Sheila Patricia Violet Dame (1918 – 2001); NIAZI, S. P.; FOX, R. A.
Chronic liver disease and primary liver-cell cancer with hepatitis-associated (Australia) antigen in serum.
(Order of authorship in the original publication: Sherlock, Niazi, Fox...). The authors demonstrated that the hepatitis B virus can cause cancer. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
GMN 12306 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14528
1971 FOLKMAN, Moses Judah (1933 – 2008)
Tumor angiogenesis: Therapeutic implications.
Folkman reported that solid tumors are angiogenesis-dependent. He hypothesized that there was an unknown "factor" that tumors secreted to help increase their blood supply, and that if that factor could be blocked, tum…
GMN 13397 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15668
1971 FOLKMAN, Moses Judah (1933 – 2008); MERLER, Ezio (1929 – 2017); WILLIAMS, Gretchen; ET AL
Isolation of a tumor fraction responsible for angiogenesis.
Isolation of the first angiogenic tumor factor. Digital text from PubMedCentral at this link.
GMN 13398 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15670
1971 KNUDSON, JR., Alfred George (1922 – 2016)
Mutation and cancer: Statistical study of retinoblastoma.
In this paper Knudson first described his "two-hit hypothesis," also known as the "Knudson hypothesis," which explains the incidence of hereditary cancers, such as retinoblastoma. "Humans inherit two copies of every g…
GMN 13964 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16266
1973 SHOPE, Thomas
Malignant lymphoma in cottontop marmosets after inoculation with Epstein–Barr virus.
Epstein-Barr virus as a cause of Burkitt’s lymphoma. With D. DeChairo and G. Miller.
GMN 2660.25 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3436
1975 DULBECCO, Renato (1914 – 2012)
From the molecular biology of oncogenic DNA viruses to cancer. Les Prix Nobel en 1975, pp. 172-80.
In 1975 Dulbecco shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with David Baltimore and Howard Martin Temin "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the c…
GMN 2660.27 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3440
1976 VARMUS, Harold Eliot (1942 – ); BISHOP, John Michael (1936 – ); STEHELIN, Dominique (1943 – 2019); VOGT, Peter K. (1932 – )
DNA related to the transforming gene(s) of avian sarcoma viruses is present in normal avian DNA.
Discovery of the first “oncogene. In 1989 Varmus and Bishop shared the Nobel Prize for in Physiology or Medicine "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes."
GMN 2660.28 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3441
1977 SHIMKIN, Michael Boris (1912 – 1989)
Contrary to nature. Being an illustrated commentary on some persons and events of historical importance in the development of knowledge concerning cancer.
GMN 2662.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3460
1978 RATHER, Lelland Joseph (1913 – 1989)
The genesis of cancer. A study in the history of ideas.
GMN 2662.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3463
1978 MOHS, Frederick Edward (1910 – 2002)
Chemosurgery: Microscopically controlled surgery for skin cancer.
Mohs surgery for common types of skin cancer.
GMN 11440 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13639
1979 LEVINE, Arnold Jay (1939 – ); LINZER, Daniel I. H. (1954 – )
Characterization of a 54K Dalton cellular SV40 tumor antigen present in SV40 transformed cells and uninfected embryonal carcinoma cells.
Levine discovered the tumor suppressor protein p53, also known as Tumor protein P53. Because it prevents cancer formation TP 53 is classified as a tumor suppressor gene. The discovery was completed in 1989 and recorde…
GMN 14007 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16312
1980 GALLO, Robert Charles (1937 – ); POIESZ, Bernard J.; RUSCETTI, Francis W.; ET AL
Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Poiesz, Ruscetti,... Gallo. Gallo and associates announced the discovery of a human retrovirus with type C morphology causing a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Gallo named t…
GMN 11057 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13253
1980 HUNTER, Antony Rex "Tony" (1943 – ); SEFTON, Bartholomew M.
Transforming gene product of Rous sarcoma virus phosphorylates tyrosine.
Tony Hunter discovered that tyrosine phosphorylation is a fundamental mechanism for transmembrane-signal transduction in response to growth factor stimulation, and that disregulation of such tyrosine phosphorylation, …
GMN 13985 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16288
1981 CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC)
Kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men--New York City and California.
The second published report on what later became the AIDS epidemic. The report described 26 homosexual men in New York and California with Kaposi's sarcoma, and 10 more Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) cases in ho…
GMN 6995 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9161
1981 GOFMAN, John William (1918 – 2007)
Radiation and human health.
The first comprehensive book summarizing the evidence relating low-level ionizing radiation to cancer and other diseases.
GMN 7760 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9932
1982 GALLO, Robert Charles (1937 – ); KALYANARAMAN, V. S.; SARNGADHARAN, M. G.; ET AL
A new subtype of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-II) associated with a T-cell variant of hairy cell leukemia.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Kalyanaraman, Sarngadharan,... Gallo. Discovery by Gallo of HTLV-II, which like HTLV-I, is carcinogenic. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this entry and its interpretation.)
GMN 11058 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13254
1983 MOULIN, Daniël de (1919 – 2002)
A short history of breast cancer.
GMN 7871 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10043
1983 RIGGAN, Wilson B. (1915 – 2007); ET AL
U.S. cancer mortality rates and trends, 1950-1979. 4 vols.
Riggan supervised this long-term project of calculating and publishing cancer mortality rates and trends for every county in the United States over several decades. The last 30 of the 40 years of the underlying data b…
GMN 11814 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14016
1983 HAUSEN, Harald zur (1936 – ); DÜRST, Matthias; GISSMANN, Lutz (1949 – ); IKENBERG, Hans (1954 – )
A papillomavirus DNA from a cervical carcinoma and its prevalence in cancer biopsy samples from different geographic regions,
Zur Hausen and colleageus identified HPV 16 DNA in cervical cancer tumors by Southern blot hybridization. Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.
GMN 12663 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14907
1984 HAUSEN, Harald zur (1936 – ); GISSMANN, Lutz (1949 – ); IKENBERG, Hans (1954 – ); BOSHART, M.; KLEINHEINZ, A.; SCHEURLEN, W.
A new type of papillomavirus DNA, its presence in genital cancer biopsies and in cell lines derived from cervical cancer.
Zur Hausen and colleagues discovered HPV18 as a cause of cervical cancer. With the discovery of HPV18, and HPV16, which zur Hausen and team discovered in 1983, zur Hausen discovered the viruses causing about 75% of hu…
GMN 12664 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14908
1986 ALBERT, Daniel Myron (1936 – ); DRYJA, Thaddeus P.; FRIEND, Stephen H.; BERNARDS, René (1953 – ); ROGELI, Snezna; WEINBERG, Robert A. (1942 – ); RAPAPORT, Joyce M.
A human DNA segment with properties of the gene that predisposes to retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma.
Isolation of the first human tumor suppressor gene. Order of authorship in the original publication: Friend, Bernards, Rogeli, Weinberg, Rapaport, Albert, Dryja.
GMN 13974 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16277
1988 AUSTOKER, Joan (1947 – 2010)
A history of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund 1902-1986.
"The author takes a broad perspective and provides a comparative framework by discussing the changing relationship between the ICRF and the medical profession, government, and other charities, notably the Cancer Resea…
GMN 10452 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12645
1989 OLSON, James Stuart (1946 – )
The history of cancer: An annotated bibliography.
GMN 8735 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10913
1989 BOYLE, Peter (1951 – ); MUIR, Calum S.; GRUNDMANN, Ekkehard (1921 – )
Cancer mapping, edited by Peter Boyle, Calum S. Muir, and Ekkehard Grundmann.
The first chapter, by G. M. Howe is "Historical evolution of disease mapping in general and specifically of cancer mapping." The book as a whole discusses the wide range of cancer maps and atlases in U.S., Europe and …
GMN 10340 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12532
1990 RAVEN, Ronald William (1904 – 1992)
The theory and practice on oncology. Historical evolution and present principles.
GMN 2662.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3468
1990 KING, Mary-Claire (1946 – )
Linkage of early-onset familial breast cancer to Chromosome 17q21.
King showed that breast cancer can be inherited due to mutations in the Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein, a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRAC1 gene. BRCA1 is a human tumor suppressor gene (also …
GMN 13966 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16268
1991 FREIREICH, Emil J. (1927 – ); LEMAK, Noreen Ann (1921 – 2013)
Milestones in leukemia research and therapy.
Freireich was part of the team that first introduced combined-drug cancer chemotherapy in 1965.
GMN 8650 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10827
1992 PINELL, Patrice (1944 – )
Naissance d'un fléau: Histoire de la lutte contre le cancer en France (1890-1940).
Translated in English by David Madell (excluding the notes) as The fight against cancer France 1890-1940. London & New York: Routledge, 2002.
GMN 11354 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13552
1994 CHANG, Yuan (1959 – ); MOORE, Patrick S. (1956 – ); CESARMAN, Ethel; PESSIN, Melissa S.; ET AL
Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.
Dated December 16, 1994. Order of authorship in the original paper was Chang, Cesarman, Pessin,...Moore. The authors reported a new human herpesvirus associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, and gave it the descriptive name …
GMN 10880 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13076
1994 SKOLNICK, Mark Henry (1946 – ); MIKI, Yoshio; SHATTUCK-EIDENS, Donna; ET AL
A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1.
Discovery of the BRCA1 gene using the technique of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
GMN 14015 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16322
1995 CHANG, Yuan (1959 – ); MOORE, Patrick S. (1956 – )
Detection of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with and those without HIV infection.
Dated May 4, 1995. Order of authorship in the original publication was Moore, Chang. That the virus causing Kaposi's sarcoma appeared in healthy as well as HIV patients suggested that this virus causes cancer only in …
GMN 10881 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13077
1995 CHANG, Yuan (1959 – ); MOORE, Patrick S. (1956 – ); CESARMAN, Ethel; ET AL
Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-related body-cavity-based lymphomas.
Chang, Moore and colleagues showed that the virus causing Kaposi's Sarcoma also causes body cavity lymphomas and lymphomatous effusions in humans. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
GMN 10914 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13110
