1501 HUNDT, Magnus (1449 – 1519)
Antropologium de ho[min]is dignitate, natura, et p[ro]prietatibus.
Includes the first illustrations of the viscera in a printed book. The four woodcuts are derived with modifications from Peyligk (No. 363.2). This work also contains the first mention ever of the word anthropology (in…
GMN 363.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/337
1502 ZERBI, Gabriele (1445 – 1505)
Liber anathomie corporis humani & singulorum membrorum illius.
“The first systematic and sufficiently detailed examination of the human body since Mundinus, far outstripping the latter in scientific accuracy” (Lind, Pre-Vesalian anatomy, 10, also 141-56). See also Nos. 1589.1 and…
GMN 363.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/338
1502 BENEDETTI, Alessandro (Alexander Benedictus) (1450 – 1512)
Historia corporis humani sive anatomiae.
"... a descriptive anatomy in the style of Mundinus. It concludes with a final chapter on the praise of dissection. He expresses the need for a clinical examination rather than uncritical trust in the authorities “sin…
GMN 12771 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15017
1521 BERENGARIO DA CARPI, Giacomo (1460 – 1530)
Commentaria cum amplissimis additionibus super anatomia Mundini una cum textu ejusdem in pristinum et verum nitorem redacto.
Giacomo Berengario da Carpi (Jacobus Berengarius Carpensis, Jacopo Barigazzi, Giacomo Berengario da Carpi or simply Carpus) introduced iconography and independent anatomical observation into the teaching of anatomy. H…
GMN 367 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/441
1522 BERENGARIO DA CARPI, Giacomo (1460 – 1530)
Isagoge breves perlucide ac uberime in anatomiam humani corporis a communi medicorum academia usitatam.
One year after publishing his Commentary on Mondino, Giacomo Berengario da Carpi issued an abbreviated version or Isagoge, with most of the same woodcuts. This was the book by which Berengario's contributions to anato…
GMN 368 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/445
1525 BRUNSCHWIG, Hieronymus [Brunschwygk, Braunschweig] (1450 – 1512)
The noble experyence of the vertuous handywarke of surgeri.
This translation of Brunschwig’s surgery (No. 5559) includes the first anatomical text printed in English, a 13-page section with 4 woodcuts. Facsimile, Amsterdam, 1973.
GMN 368.01 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/448
1528 DÜRER, Albrecht (1471 – 1528)
Vier Bücher von menschlicher Proportion.
Written, designed, and illustrated by Dürer, this work is notable for its extraordinary series of anthropometrical woodcuts. The first two books deal with the proper proportions of the human form; the third changes th…
GMN 149 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2731
1529 GALEN, [Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; Galen of Pergamon] (129 – 216); BERENGARIO DA CARPI, Giacomo (1460 – 1530); LEONICENO, Niccolò [Nicolaus Leonicenus] (1428 – 1524); CHALKOKONDYLES, Demetrios (Δημήτριος Χαλκοκονδύλης) ) (1423 – 1511)
Galeni Pergameni libri anatomici, quorum indicem versa patina indicabit. Edited by Giacomo Berengario da Carpi.
First printed edition in Latin of Galen's De anatomicis administrationis, as translated from the Greek by Demetrios Chalkokondyles under the title De anatomicis aggressionibus. Other works in this collection edited by…
GMN 9349 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11531
1531 GALEN, [Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; Galen of Pergamon] (129 – 216); GUINTER VON ANDERNACH, Johannes [Johannes Guinterius; Johannes Winter; Jean Guenther] (1505 – 1574)
De anatomicis administrationibus libri novem.
First separate printed edition in Latin, translated by Johann Guinter von Andernach, of Galen's dissection manual, in which Galen both described his dissection techniques and described anatomical details that were pre…
GMN 359 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/310
1532 EDWARDES, David (1502 – 1542)
De indiciis et praecognitionibus, opus apprime utile medicis. Eiusdem in anatomicen introductio luculenta et brevis.
The first anatomical text by an Englishman, but only a very brief account of 15 pages. The only known copy of the original edition is in the British Library. Edwardes made the first recorded dissection in England (153…
GMN 368.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/463
1535 LAGUNA DE SEGOVIA, Andrés [LACUNA] (1499 – 1559)
Anatomica methodus, seu de sectione humani corporis contemplatio.
Includes the first description of the ileo-caecal valve. Laguna, a Spanish anatomist, travelled much in Europe and became physician to Charles V. English translation in No. 461.3. Digital facsimile of the 1535 edition…
GMN 369 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/454
1536 DRYANDER, Johann [EICHMANN] (1500 – 1560)
Anatomia capitis humani.
The first work on the anatomy of the head. Elegantly illustrated with 11 woodcuts. English translation in No. 461.3.
GMN 370 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/465
1536 MASSA, Niccoló (1489 – 1569)
Liber introductorius anatomiae sive dissectionis corporis humani; in quo quam plurima membra, operationes, & utilitates tam ab antiquis, quam a modernis praetermissa manifestantur.
A practical manual for dissection, showing how to carry out an anatomy from the first incision onwards. Massa based his work on his experience gained from numerous dissections that he had undertaken in the hospital of…
GMN 1536 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2862
1536 GUINTER VON ANDERNACH, Johannes [Johannes Guinterius; Johannes Winter; Jean Guenther] (1505 – 1574)
Institutiones anatomicae secundum Galeni sententiam.
A handbook presenting the principles of Galenic anatomy in a form that was easily accessible to medical students. It epitomized the revolution in the teaching of anatomy, and the new emphasis on dissection, that occur…
GMN 7204 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9371
1537 ZERBI, Gabriele (1445 – 1505); DRYANDER, Johann [EICHMANN] (1500 – 1560); COPHO OF SALERNO (1150 – )
Anatomiae, hoc est, corporis humani dissectionis pars prior.
Dryander was among the first to make illustrations after his own dissections. His unfinished guide to dissection entitled Anatomiae, expanded from the Anatomia published the previous year, is one of the most important…
GMN 371 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/467
1538 VESALIUS, Andreas (1514 – 1564); CALCAR, Jan Steven van (1499 – 1546)
Tabulae anatomicae sex.
Vesalius’ first anatomical publication, consisting of six oversized anatomical charts, resembling fugitive sheets. The three skeletal woodcuts are signed by the artist, Jan Stephan van Calcar, who also acted as the pu…
GMN 372 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/468
1538 GALEN, [Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; Galen of Pergamon] (129 – 216); VESALIUS, Andreas (1514 – 1564); GUINTER VON ANDERNACH, Johannes [Johannes Guinterius; Johannes Winter; Jean Guenther] (1505 – 1574)
Guenter von Andernach: Institutionum anatomicarum secundum Galeni sententiam ad candidatos medicinae libri quatuor per Joannem Guinterium Andernacum medicum ab Andrea Vesalio Bruxellensi auctiores & emendatiores redditi.
Shortly after the publication of Tabulae anatomicae sex, Vesalius completed this revision of Institutiones anatomicae, a Galenic anatomical text by his teacher Johann Guinter first published in 1536. Vesalius justifie…
GMN 9091 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11270
1541 CANANO, Giovanni Battista (1515 – 1579)
Musculorum humani corporis picturata dissectio.
The first book in which each muscle was illustrated separately, with copper-plates of the bones and muscles of the upper limb from drawings by Girolamo da Carpi, which in realism and exactitude surpassed anything betw…
GMN 373 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/488
1541 RYFF, Walther Hermann [RYF, REIFF, REIF, RUEFF, RUFF] (1500 – 1548); GRIEN, Hans Baldung (1484 – 1545)
Des aller fürtrefflichsten…erschaffen. Das is des menchen…warhafftige beschreibung oder Anatomi…
This plagiarism of Vesalius’s Tabulae anatomicae sex contains 25 woodcuts by Hans Baldung Grien (1484/1485-1545), and represents the artist’s only contribution to medical illustration. The woodcuts include the best il…
GMN 373.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/494
1542 LOBERA DE ÁVILA, Luis (1480 – 1551)
Libro de anatomia In: Remedio de cuerpos humanos y silva de experiencias y otras cosas utilissimas: nuevamente compuesto…
Text in Spanish and Latin. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 374 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/496
1543 VESALIUS, Andreas (1514 – 1564)
Suorum de humani corporis fabrica librorum epitome.
Shortly after publishing his encyclopedic De humani corporis fabrica libri septem, Vesalius issued De humani corporis fabrica epitome, also from the press of Johannes Oporinus of Basel. This thin set of 14 unnumbered …
GMN 376 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/492
1543 VESALIUS, Andreas (1514 – 1564)
De humani corporis fabrica libri septem.
Published when the author was only 29 years old, the Fabrica revolutionized not only the science of anatomy but how it was taught. Throughout this encylopedic work on the structure and workings of the human body, Vesa…
GMN 375 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/497
1545 GEMINUS, Thomas [Thomas Lambrit; Thomas Lambert] (1510 – 1562)
Compendiosa totius anatomie delineatio, aere exarata.
Compendiosa totius anatomie delineatio by Belgian engraver, mathematical and surgical instrument maker, Thomas Geminus (Thomas Lambert or Lambrit) was a slightly abridged version of Vesalius's Epitome illustrated with…
GMN 376.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/498
1545 ESTIENNE, Charles [Stephanus] (1504 – 1564); LA RIVIÈRE, Estienne de (1500 – )
De dissectione partium corporis humani.
De dissectione partium corporis humani libri tres by French physician, writer, and translator, Charles Estienne, of the Estienne printing dynasty, is one of the most interesting woodcut books of the French Renaissance…
GMN 378 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/546
1546 VESALIUS, Andreas (1514 – 1564)
Epistola, rationem modumque propinandi radicis Chynae decocti…
In this work on the discovery and therapeutic use of the china root (Smilax china) in the treatment of syphilis, Vesalius described the first attempt to formulate methods of identification of an exotic drug. He also o…
GMN 1810.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1983
1549 XIMENO, Pedro [Jimeno] (1515 – 1551)
Dialogus de re medica compendiaria ratione, præter quædam alia, universam Anatomen humani corporis perstringens, summè necessarius omnibus Medicinæ canditatis.
The first Spanish medical book based on the writings of Vesalius, written by Vesalius’s student Pedro Jimeno, whose activities “constituted the cornerstone of the Valencian School of Anatomy and the Spanish Vesalian m…
GMN 8931 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11109
1551 MONTAÑA DE MONTSERRATE, Bernardino (1480 – 1558)
Libro de la anathomia del hombre.
The first Spanish anatomy book in the Spanish language, the second anatomy book ever published in Spain, and the work that introduced Vesalian illustrations to Spain. The text is a version of Henri de Mondeville’s med…
GMN 378.01 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/550
1551 RODRIGUES DE CASTELO BRANCO, João (Amato Lusitano; Amatus Lusitanus) (1511 – 1568)
Curationum medicinalium centuria prima, multiplici variaque rerum cognitione referta. Praexfixa est eiusdem auctoris commentatio, in qua docetur, quomodo se medicus habere debeat in introitu ad aegrotantem, simulque de crisi, & diebus decretoriis, in qui artem medicam exercent, & quotidie pro salute aegrotorum in collegium descendunt longe utilissima.
Lusitano has been credited with early recognition of the circulation of the blood. How much he might have understood the circulation remains in doubt; however, through dissections of the Azygos vein, he was the first …
GMN 12945 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15192
1555 VESALIUS, Andreas (1514 – 1564)
De humani corporis fabrica libri septem.
Containing Vesalius’s final published revisions of the text, this edition is also superior for its enlarged format, improved typography and printing, better paper, larger woodcut initials, and changes to the lettering…
GMN 377 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/547
1556 VALVERDE DE HAMUSCO, Juan (1525 – 1587)
Historia de la composicion del cuerpo humano…
Historia de la composicion del cuerpo humano Spanish physician Juan Valverde de Amusco was issued in Rome at the press of Antonio Salamanca. This was the first great original medical book in Spanish and the most origi…
GMN 378.02 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/551
1559 COLOMBO, Matteo Realdo [Renaldus Columbus] (1515 – 1559)
De re anatomica libri xv.
Colombo was a pupil of Vesalius, and succeeded him in the chair of anatomy at Padua before proceeding to chairs first at Pisa and later at Rome. His book, published just after his death, rectified a number of anatomic…
GMN 378.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/560
1561 FALLOPPIO, Gabriele [FALLOPPIUS] (1523 – 1562)
Observationes anatomicae.
Observationes anatomicae, a work of 232 leaves printed in the comparatively small octavo format, with no illustrations, was the only work Fallopio published before his death from tuberculosis at age thirty-nine, and i…
GMN 1208 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/562
1563 –1564 EUSTACHI, Bartolomeo [EUSTACHIUS] (1510 – 1574)
Opuscula anatomica.
Eustachius is credited with several anatomical discoveries, among them the tensor tympani muscle and the Eustachian tube, published in his chapter entitled De auditus organis. In the last respect, however, he was anti…
GMN 1093 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/159
1572 –1573 COITER, Volcher (1534 – 1576)
Externarum et internarum principalium humani corporis partium tabulae.
Coiter made several important contributions to the study of human anatomy, and was the first to elevate comparative anatomy to the rank of an independent branch of biology. His Externarum et internarum principalium hu…
GMN 1539 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1251
1574 CARCANO LEONE, Giovanni Battista (1536 – 1606)
Anatomici libri II … In altero de musculis, palpebrarum atque oculorum motibus deservientibus, accurate disseritur.
First exact description of the lacrimal duct. Carcano gave the true position of the lacrimal gland and showed the route taken by the tears.
GMN 1479 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2462
1575 FALLOPPIO, Gabriele [FALLOPPIUS] (1523 – 1562); COITER, Volcher (1534 – 1576)
Lectiones Gabrielis Falloppi de partibus similaribus humani corporis, ex diversis exemplari eus a Volchero Coiter summa cum diligentia collecta. His accessere diversorum animalium sceletorum explicationes iconibus artificiosis, et genuinis illustratae.
Coiter, a pupil of Fallopius and Eustachius, became town physician of Nuremberg. His book on comparative osteology, contained in his edition of the lectures of Fallopius, extended his studies begun in his work of 1572…
GMN 284 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8820
1577 VICARY, Thomas (1490 – 1561)
A profitable treatise of the anatomie of mans body.
A small book, of which only two copies survived, at the British Library and Cambridge University. As first shown by J F Payne in 1896, this work is very similar to a manuscript (MS 564) in the Wellcome Library. This m…
GMN 6836 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9000
1579 FARFAN, Agustin (1531 – 1604)
Tractado breve de anathomia y chirurgia.
Includes some of the first studies of the plants and botanic remedies of the New World. Second edition, Tractado breve de medicina (1592). This is an abridgement of manuscripts left in Mexico by Francisco Hernández. S…
GMN 1819.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2088
1585 PICCOLOMINI, Archangelo (1525 – 1586)
Anatomicae praelectiones.
First description of a clear distinction between what is now known as gray and white matter in the central nervous system. The work also includes the first attempt to illustrate the brain in a sagittal view. The nine …
GMN 7595 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9767
1587 ARANZI, Giulio Cesare [ARANZIO; ARANTIUS] (1530 – 1589)
De humano foetu liber tertio editus, ac recognitus. Eiusdem anatomicarum observationum liber: ac De tumoribus secundum locos affectos liber nunc primum editi.
First edition of Aranzi's Anatomicarum observationum published with the third edition of De humano foetu. In the Anatomicarum observationum Aranzi pointed out that the eye muscles arise from the margin of the optic ca…
GMN 7337 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9508
1592 BAUHIN, Caspar [BAUHINUS] (1560 – 1624)
Theatrum anatomicum infinitis locis auctum, ad morbos accommodatum....
Includes historical data. Bauhin was professor of anatomy at Basle.
GMN 379 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/571
1594 CABROL, Barthélemy (1529 – 1603)
Alphabet anatomic, auquel est contenue l'explication exacte des parties du corps humain: Réduites en tables selon l'ordre de dissection ordinaire, avec l'ostéologie et plusieurs observations particulières. Avec l'osteologie, & plusieurs observations particulieres.
This innovative didactic work divided the study of anatomy into 91 tables, set in type, but without images. It was unusually popular, with eleven editions in the seventeenth century as well as translations into Latin …
GMN 10373 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12565
1597 BAUHIN, Caspar [BAUHINUS] (1560 – 1624)
Anatomica corporis virilis et muliebris historia.
GMN 437 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1088
1603 INGRASSIA, Giovanni Filippo (Ioannis Philippi Ingrassiae) (1510 – 1580)
In Galeni librum de ossibus.
Ingrassia is by some accredited with the discovery of the stapes; he also observed the sound-conducting capacity of the teeth.
GMN 1541 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2864
1725 BOERHAAVE, Herman (1668 – 1738); VESALIUS, Andreas (1514 – 1564); ALBINUS, Bernhard Siegfried (1697 – 1770)
Opera omnia anatomica & chirurgica. Edited by Herman Boerhaave and Bernhard Siegfried Albinus. 2 vols.
Vesalius's collected works with the famous woodcuts reproduced as copperplate engravings by Jan Wandelaar (1690-1759). Notably Boerhaave and Albinus had this edition published because Vesalius's works still had practi…
GMN 8095 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10271
1898 –1901 LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452 – 1519); SABACHNIKOFF, Theodore (Fyodor Vasilyevich Sabašnikov) (1869 – 1927); PIUMATI, Giovanni (1850 – 1915)
I manoscritti de Leonardo da Vinci della Reale Biblioteca di Windsor. Pubblicata da Teodoro Sabachnikoff. Transcritti e annotati da Giovanni Piumati. 2 vols.
Includes folios A & B of his anatomical MSS. Text in French and Italian.
GMN 364 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/416
1911 –1916 LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452 – 1519); FONAHN, Adolf Mauritz (1873 – 1940); VANGENSTEN, Ove Conrad Langaard (1880 – 1946); HOPSTOCK, Halfdan (1866 – 1925)
Leonardo da Vinci: Quaderni d’anatomia I-VI. Fogli della Royal Library di Windsor, pubblicati da Ove C.L. Vangensten, A. Fonahn, H. Hopstock. 6 vols.
Leonardo, “the greatest artist and scientist of the Italian Renaissance, was the founder of iconographic and physiologic anatomy” (Garrison). He made over 750 sketches of all the principal organs of the body, drawings…
GMN 365 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/422
1943 VESALIUS, Andreas (1514 – 1564); CUSHING, Harvey Williams (1869 – 1939)
A bio-bibliography of Andreas Vesalius.
The standard annotated bibliography of Vesalius's works, known for its unusual system of numbering entries. Posthumously edited for publication by John F. Fulton and Arturo Castiglioni. Digital facsimile of the 1943 e…
GMN 8096 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10272
1952 LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452 – 1519); O’MALLEY, Charles Donald (1907 – 1970); SAUNDERS, John Bertrand deCusance Morant (1903 – 1991)
Leonardo da Vinci on the human body. The anatomical, physiological, and embryological drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. With translations, emendations, and biographical introduction by Charles D. O'Malley and J. B. de C. M. Saunders.
Includes 215 plates.
GMN 366 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/430
1959 VESALIUS, Andreas (1514 – 1564); HESELER, Baldasar (1507 – 1567); ERIKSSON, Ruben (1895 – 1962)
Andreas Vesalius's first public anatomy at Bologna, 1540. An eyewitness report by Baldasar Heseler, together with his notes on Matthaeus Curtius's lectures on Anatomia Mundini. Edited, with an introduction, translation into English and notes by Ruben Eriksson.
A unique manuscript discovery helping us to bridge the gap in the development of Vesalius’s ideas between the Tabulae anatomicae sex (1538) and the Fabrica (1543). Vesalius typically preceded his anatomical demonstrat…
GMN 372.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/491
![GALEN, [Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; Galen of Pergamon] (129 – 216)](/media/portraits/21)
