1866 MENDEL, Gregor Johann (1822 – 1884)
Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybriden.
Discovery of the Mendelian ratios, the most significant single achievement in the history of genetics. The story of how Mendel published his paper in this relatively obscure journal only to have his discovery ignored …
GMN 222 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4395
1866 LANGKAVEL, Bernhard August (1825 – 1902)
Botanik der spaeteren Griechen vom dritten bis dreizehnten Jahrhuntert.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 8963 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11142
1867 ALBERTUS MAGNUS, [Albert von Bollstädt] (1195 – 1280); MEYER, Ernst Heinrich Friedrich (1791 – 1858); JESSEN, Karl Friedrich Wilhelm (1821 – 1889)
Alberti Magni ex ordine praedicatorum de vegetabilibus libri VII: Historiae naturalis pars XVIII. Editionem criticam ab Ernesto Meyero coeptam: Absolvit Carolus Jessen.
One of the best works on natural history produced during the Middle Ages, and, like most of Albertus's works, influential throughout the medieval period, though it does not appear to have been published in print until…
GMN 1792 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1880
1867 CANDOLLE, Alphonse Pyramus de (1806 – 1893)
Lois de la nomenclature botanique rédigées et commentées par M. Alph. de Candolle. Texte préparé sur la demande da Comité d'organisation du Congrès international de botanique de Paris, du 16 août 1867, pour servir de base aux discussions sur les points controversés en nomenclature.
This was the first system of botanical nomenclature adopted by an international governing body. Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link. Translated into English as Laws of botanical nomenclat…
GMN 11883 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14087
1868 DARWIN, Charles Robert (1809 – 1882)
The variation of animals and plants under domestication. 2 vols.
Darwin carried out numerous investigations with pigeons and various plants. He recognized continuous and discontinuous variation; he concluded that crossing tends to keep populations uniform.
GMN 224.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4405
1870 TRIANA SILVA, José Jerónimo (1828 – 1890); MUTIS, José Celestino (1732 – 1808)
Nouvelles études sur les quinquinas, d'après les matériaux présentés en 1867 à l'Exposition universelle de Paris et accompagnées de facsimilé des dessins de la quinologie de Mutis, suivis de remarques sur la culture de quinquinas.
Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 13675 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15957
1872 –1877 PRITZEL, Georg August (1805 – 1874)
Thesaurus literaturae botanicae omnium gentium inde a rerum botanicarum initiis ad nostra usque tempora. Quindecim millia operum recensens. Editionem novam reformatam.
First published in 1851, this documents literature from ancient times to publication date. Research involved examination of 40,000 works in libraries at Vienna, Geneva, London, Paris and various German locations. Digi…
GMN 9069 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11248
1873 THOMSON, Charles Wyville (1830 – 1882)
The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H. M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869, and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 7483 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9655
1874 BELT, Thomas (1832 – 1878)
The naturalist in Nicaragua: A narrative of a residence at the gold mines of Chontales; journeys in the savannahs and forests, with observations on animals and plants in reference to the theory of evolution of living forms.
In this book Belt first described "the mutualistic relationship of certain Acacias and the ant we now know as Pseudomyrmex spinicola. These are a species of red myrmecophyte-inhabiting neotropical ants which are found…
GMN 7443 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9615
1876 DARWIN, Charles Robert (1809 – 1882)
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom.
Darwin's report on over 12 years of experimentation with cross and self-fertilization on 57 species. In these experiments Darwin discovered and demonstrated the concept of hybrid vigor or heterosis.
GMN 8911 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11089
1876 NOBBE, Friedrich (1830 – 1922)
Handbuch der Samenkunde: physiologisch-statistische Untersuchungen über den wirthschaftlichen Gebrauchswerth der land- und forstwirthschaftlichen, sowie gärtnerischen Saatwaren.
In 1869 Nobbe set up the first seed control station, establishing the science of seed testing. He set out to improve seed quality in a sustainable way, through systematic inspection. In his Handbuch der Samenkunde he …
GMN 11222 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13419
1876 GERARD, John (Gerarde) (1545 – 1612); JACKSON, Benjamin Daydon (1846 – 1927)
A catalogue of plants cultivated in the garden of John Gerard, in the years 1596-1599. Edited with notes, references to Gerard's Herball, the addition of modern names, and a life of the author by Benjamin Daydon Jackson.
Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 12004 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14212
1877 THOMSON, Charles Wyville (1830 – 1882)
The voyage of the "Challenger": The Atlantic: A preliminary account of the general results of th exploring voyage of H.M.S. "Challenger" during the year 1873 and the early part of the year 1876. 2 vols.
Digital facsimile of the first American edition (1878) from the Biodiversity Heritage Library, Internet Archive, at this link.
GMN 7484 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9656
1877 –1883 LECLERC, Lucien (1816 – 1893); IBN AL-BAYTĀR AL-MĀLAQĪ, Ḍiyāʾ Al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdllāh Ibn Aḥmad (Ibn al-Baytar) (1197 – 1248)
Traité des simples. 3 vols. Notices et extraits des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque nationale et autres bibliothèques, 1877, tome 23,1; tome 25,1; tome 26,1. Traduit par Lucien Leclerc.
Ibn al-Baytar systematically recorded the additions to pharmacy made by medieval Islamic physicians, who added between 300 and 400 types of medicines to the roughly one thousand known since antiquity. "Ibn al-Baitar’s…
GMN 8528 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10705
1879 MURTON, H. J.
Catalogue of the plants under cultivation in the botanical gardens, Singapore, Straits Settlements.
The first published catalogue of plants in the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.
GMN 11954 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14161
1880 BENTLEY, Robert (1821 – 1893); TRIMEN, Henry (1843 – 1896)
Medicinal plants, being descriptions with original figures of the principal plants employed in medicine. 4 vols.
GMN 1870 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2467
1881 BRETSCHNEIDER, Emil (1833 – 1901)
Early European researches into the flora of China.
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 13005 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15255
1881 MURRAY, James A.
The plants an drugs of sind; being a systematic account, with descriptions, of the indigenous flora, and notices of the value and uses of their products in commerce, medicine and the arts.
GMN 13050 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15301
1882 –1895 BRETSCHNEIDER, Emil (1833 – 1901)
Botanicon sinicum: Notes on Chinese botany from native and western sources. 3 parts.
Part 1 was first published in the Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, XVI (1881). Part 2 was published in the Journal of the China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society for 1890-91, XXV (1893…
GMN 13006 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15256
1884 –1888 FRANCHET, Adrien René (1834 – 1900); DAVID, Jean Pierre Armand (1826 – 1900)
Plantae Davidianae ex Sinarum Imperio: Première partie: Plantes de Mongolie du Nord et du Centre de la Chine. Deuxieme Partie: Plantes du Thibet Oriental (Province de Moupine)
Catalogue of the very extensive collection of plants collected by the Lazarist missionary Father Armand David for the Musée d'Histoire Naturelle during his three major naturalist expeditions in China, Mongolia and Tib…
GMN 12947 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15194
1885 SMITH, Andrew (1828 – 1898)
A contribution to South African materia medica, chiefly from plants in use among the natives.
The first edition was a pamphlet of 23 pp. Smith issued a much-expanded second edition with 163 pp., also at Lovedale in 1888, and a further expanded third edition with 262 pp. (Cape Town, 1895). Digital facsimile of …
GMN 9500 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11685
1885 SINCLAIR, Isabella (1842 – 1900)
Indigenous flowers of the Hawaiian Islands: Forty-four plates painted in water-colours and described by Mrs. Francis Sinclair, Jr.
The first color-illustrated book on Hawaiian flora. "The following collection of flowers was made upon the islands of Kauai and Niihau, the most northern of the Hawaiian archipelago. It is not by any means a large col…
GMN 10575 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12768
1889 MAIDEN, Joseph Henry (1859 – 1925)
The useful native plants of Australia. (Including Tasmania).
Maiden, a botanist, was Curator and Secretary of The Technological, Industrial, and Sanitary Museum of New South Wales. Chapters include. 1. Human Food and Food adjuncts; 2. Forage Plants; 3. Drugs; 4. Gums, Resins, a…
GMN 13509 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15784
1890 LOEB, Jacques (1859 – 1924)
Der Heliotropismus der Thiere und seine Uebereinstimmung mit dem Heliotropismus der Pflanzen.
Loeb founded the theory of “tropisms” as the basis of the psychology of the lower forms of life. English translation in Loeb’s Studies in general physiology, Vol. 1, 1-88. Chicago, 1905.
GMN 125 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2121
1892 –1897 WILLIAMS, Benjamin Samuel (1822 – 1890); MOORE, Thomas (1821 – 1887); WARNER, Robert (1814 – 1896); FITCH, John Nugent (1840 – 1927)
The orchid album, Comprising colored figures and descriptions of new, rare, and beautiful orchidaceous plants. Conducted by Robert Warner and Benjamin Samuel Williams. The botanical descriptions by Thomas Moore. The coloured figures by John Nugent Fitch. 11 vols.
This set includes 528 chromolithographed and hand-colored plates by John Nugent Fitch on 527 sheets. It was published periodically by B. S. Williams from his nurseries in Holloway, London, from 1882 until his death in…
GMN 12885 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15132
1894 KRAUS, Gregor Konrad Michael (1841 – 1915)
Geschichte der Pflanzeneinführungen in die europäischen botanischen Gärten.
Digital facsimile from publikationsserver.tu-braunschweig.de at this link.
GMN 11967 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14174
1897 –1904 JORET, Charles (1839 – 1914)
Les plantes dans l'antiquité et au moyen âge. Histoire, usages et symbolisme. 2 vols.
Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 11935 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14140
1898 SCHIMPER, Andreas Franz Wilhelm (1856 – 1901)
Pflanzengeographie auf Physiologischer Grundlage.
In this work on the geographical distribution of plants Schimper coined the terms tropical rainforest and sclerophyll. English translation by William R. Fisher, revised and edited by Percy Groom and Isaac Bayley Balfo…
GMN 8536 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10713
1899 HENSLOW, George (1835 – 1925)
Medical works of the fourteenth century; together with a list of plants recorded in contemporary writings, with their identification.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 6519 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8090
1900 VRIES, Hugo Marie de (1848 – 1935)
Das Spaltungsgesetz der Bastarde.
De Vries and Correns independently rediscovered and confirmed Mendel’s laws. This is De Vries’s most important paper on the subject. De Vries’s first published paper on the topic is “Sur la loi de disjonction des hybr…
GMN 239.01 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8356
1900 BARROWS, David Prescott (1873 – 1954)
The ethno-botany of the Coahuilla Indians.
"The ʔívil̃uqaletem (or Ivilyuqaletem) are Native Americans of the inland areas of southern California.[2] Their original territory included an area of about 2,400 square miles (6,200 km2). The traditional Cahuilla te…
GMN 9475 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11659
1901 –1903 VRIES, Hugo Marie de (1848 – 1935)
Die Mutationstheorie. 2 vols.
The theory of mutation was first advanced by de Vries. English translation, 2 vols., Chicago, 1909-10.
GMN 240 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8661
1901 PARDO DE TAVERA, Trinidad Hermenegildo José Maria Francisco (1857 – 1925); THOMAS, Jerome B. Jr.
The medicinal plants of the Philippines. Translated and revised by Jerome B. Thomas, Jr.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 8540 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10717
1902 BATESON, William (1861 – 1926)
Mendel’s principles of heredity: A defence.
The first book on Mendelism in English, and the first English textbook of genetics. It contains a reprint of the first English translation of Mendel’s “Versuch über Pflanzen-Hybriden” from the J. Roy. Horticult. Soc.,…
GMN 241 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8662
1903 JOHANNSEN, Wilhelm Ludvig (1857 – 1927)
Ueber Erblichkeit in Populationen und in reinen Linien.
More support for the Mendelian law of inheritance was provided by Johannsen, a Danish botanist, who showed that in certain self-fertilizing plants a pure line of descendants can be maintained indefinitely, in which ca…
GMN 242 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8664
1905 –1914 SMITH, Erwin Frink (1854 – 1927)
Bacteria in relation to plant diseases. 3 vols.
One of the most careful investigations of the bacterial diseases in plants was made by Smith, who conclusively demonstrated the existence of such diseases and proposed a scheme of classification for the bacteria conce…
GMN 2518 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3275
1906 BATESON, William (1861 – 1926)
Further experiments on inheritance in sweet peas and stocks; preliminary account.
W. Bateson, E. R. Saunders and R. C. Punnett noted the phenomena of linkage of genes.
GMN 242.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8667
1908 WALLACE, Alfred Russel (1823 – 1913); SPRUCE, Richard (1817 – 1893)
Notes of a botanist on the Amazon & Andes, being records of travel on the Amazon and its tributaries, the Trombetas, Rio Negro, Uaupés, Casiquiari, Pacimoni, Huallaga, and Pastas; as also to the cataracts of the Orinoco, along the eastern side of the Andes of Peru and Ecuador, and the shores of the Pacific during the years 1849-1864. Edited and condensed by Alfred Russel Wallace..., with a biographical introduction, portrait, seventy-one illustrations and seven maps. 2 vols.
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 7444 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9616
1909 BRYANT, Alfred T.
Zulu medicine and medicine-men.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 8797 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10975
1910 KEEBLE, Sir Frederick William (1870 – 1952)
Plant animals: A study in symbiosis.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 134 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2154
1911 CHAMBERLIN, Ralph Vary (1879 – 1967)
The ethno-botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 9347 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11529
1911 –1918 SARGENT, Charles Sprague (1841 – 1927); REHDER, Alfred (1863 – 1949)
The Bradley Bibliography: A guide to the literature of the woody plants of the world published before the beginning of the twentieth century. Compiled at the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University under the direction of Charles Sprague Sargent by Alfred Rehder. 5 vols.
An attempt at a truly comprehensive bibliography of the world literature in western languages on these subjects to 1900, including more than 100,000 entries. Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at…
GMN 11470 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13669
1912 MURRAY, John (1841 – 1914); HJORT, Johan (1869 – 1948)
The depths of the ocean. A general account of the modern science of oceanography based largely on the scientific researches of the Norwegian Steamer Michael Sars in the North Atlantic.
Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library, Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 7482 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9654
1913 ORTA, Garcia de [Garcia d'Orta] (1501 – 1568); BREYNER, Francesco Manuel de Melo, Conde de Ficalho (1837 – 1903); MARKHAM, Sir Robert Clements (1830 – 1916)
Garci da Orta: Colloquies on the simples & drugs of India. New edition (Lisbon, 1895) edited and annotated by the Conde de Ficalho. Translated with an introduction and index by Sir Clements Markham.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 8974 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11153
1914 KELLY, Howard Atwood (1858 – 1943)
Some American medical botanists commemorated in our botanical nomenclature.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 8548 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10725
1915 STEVENSON, Matilda Coxe (1849 – 1915)
Ethnobotany of the Zuñi Indians. Thirtieth annual report of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
Digital facsimile from swsbm.com at this link.
GMN 9293 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11475
1915 HILL, Sir Arthur William (1875 – 1941)
The history and functions of botanic gardens.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 11962 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14169
1916 CLEMENTS, Frederic Edward (1874 – 1945)
Plant succession: An analysis of the development of vegetation.
A seminal work of ecological science, establishing a dynamic model of species succession toward an eventual "climax" equilibrium under the influence of climate and other factors in a given habitat. "From his observati…
GMN 8154 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10330
1916 ROBBINS, Wilfred William (1884 – 1952); HARRINGTON, John Peabody (1884 – 1961); FREIRE-MARRECO, Barbara (1879 – 1967)
Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 55.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 9346 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11528
1916 THEOPHRASTUS OF ERESOS (ΘΕΌΦΡΑΣΤΟΣ) (371 – 287); HORT, Sir Arthur (1864 – 1935)
Theophrastus: Enquiry into plants and minor works on odours and weather signs. With an English translation by Sir Arthur Hort. 2 vols.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 9615 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11802
![ORTA, Garcia de [Garcia d'Orta] (1501 – 1568)](/media/portraits/2236)
