1877 BAKER, William Morrant (1839 – 1896)
On the formation of synovial cysts in the leg in connection with disease of the knee joint.
“Baker’s cysts” of the knee-joint. Reprinted in Med. Classics, 1941, 5, 785-820.
GMN 4342 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5700
1877 PAGET, Sir James (1814 – 1899)
On a form of chronic inflammation of bones (osteitis deformans).
Paget was at one time Sergeant Surgeon to Queen Victoria. His classic description of osteitis deformans led that condition to be called “Paget’s disease”. Reprinted in Med. Classics, 1936, 1, 29-71.
GMN 4343 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5708
1877 SAYRE, Lewis Albert (1820 – 1900)
Spinal disease and spinal curvature, their treatment by suspension and the use of the plaster of Paris bandage.
Sayre’s monograph on his methods of treating tuberculosis of the spine and scoliosis is the first American surgical textbook to contain actual mounted photographs, some of which are remarkable for their artistic quali…
GMN 4344.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5717
1877 –1878 HIPPOCRATES, [Ἱπποκράτης; Hippocrates of Kos] (-460 – -370); PÉTREQUIN, Joseph Pierre Eléonord (1809 – 1876)
Chirurgie d’Hippocrate. 2 vols
A Greek-French edition with extensive notes and commentaries by J. E. Pétrequin, surgeon-in-chief of the Hôtel-Dieu of Lyon. Operations attributed to Hippocrates included trephination and paracentesis; his most import…
GMN 4850.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6814
1878 MADELUNG, Otto Wilhelm (1846 – 1926)
Die spontane Subluxation der Hand nach vorne.
“Madelung’s deformity” of the wrist. Madelung regarded the condition as a defect of growth of the wrist joint.
GMN 4345 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5720
1879 GROSS, Samuel Weissel (1837 – 1889)
Sarcoma of the long bones; based upon a study of one hundred and sixty-five cases.
First comprehensive work on bone sarcoma.
GMN 4346 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5723
1879 HELFERICH, Heinrich (1851 – 1945)
Ein Fall von sogenannter Myositis ossificans progressiver.
Helferich described the association of microdactyly with myositis ossificans progressiva.
GMN 4346.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5726
1880 PASTEUR, Louis (1822 – 1895)
De l’extension de la théorie des germes à l’étiologie de quelques maladies communes.
In this study of furunculosis (“boils”) and osteomyelitis Pasteur left the first recognizable descriptions of staphylococcus and streptococcus. The term streptococcus had been coined by Billroth in 1874; however, Past…
GMN 2492.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3143
1881 MACEWEN, Sir William (1848 – 1924)
Observations concerning transplantation of bone. Illustrated by a case of inter-human osseous transplantation, whereby over two-thirds of the shaft of a humerus was restored.
First allograft transplantation of bone in humans.
GMN 4346.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5729
1881 VOLKMANN, Richard von (1830 – 1889)
Die ischaemischen Muskellähmungen und Kontrakturen.
“Volkmann’s ischemic contracture” first described. English translation in Bick, Classics of orthopaedics.
GMN 5617 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7143
1882 ALBERT, Eduard (1841 – 1900)
Einige Fälle von kunstlicher Ankylosenbildung an paralytischen Gliedmassen.
Albert introduced the concept of joint arthrodesis into orthopedic surgery. This is the first description of arthrodesis of an ankle for paralytic foot. English translation in Bick, Classics of orthopaedics, 52-54.
GMN 4347 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5733
1882 BENNETT, Edward Hallaran (1837 – 1907)
Fractures of the metacarpal bones.
“Bennett’s fracture” of the first metacarpal. He was Professor of Surgery at Trinity College, Dublin.
GMN 4426 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6244
1882 BLUM, Albert (1844 – )
Chirurgie de la main.
The first manual on hand surgery. Digital facsimile from wellcomecollection.org at this link.
GMN 14320 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16645
1883 BERGER, Paul (1845 – 1908)
Amputation du membre supérieur dans la contiguïté du tronc (désarticulation de l’omoplate).
“Berger’s operation”, interscapulothoracic amputation. See also his monograph, Paris, Masson, 1887.
GMN 4471 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/72
1883 –1884 STRÜMPELL, Ernst Adolf Gustav Gottfried (1853 – 1925)
Lehrbuch der speciellen Pathologie und Therapie der inneren Krankheiten. 2 vols.
Strümpell gave an excellent description of ankylosing spondylitis (“Strümpell’s disease”, the “spondylose rhizomélique” of Pierre Marie, No. 4368) on p. 152 of his Lehrbuch. See No. 2229. He published an important pap…
GMN 2229 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3786
1883 –1890 THOMAS, Hugh Owen (1834 – 1891)
Contributions to surgery and medicine. 8 pts.
Thomas was the veritable founder of modern orthopedics in the British Isles. The conservative methods introduced by him were developed by Sir Robert Jones. Thomas is remembered eponymically by the “Thomas splint”.
GMN 4348 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5739
1884 ROSENBACH, Anton Julius Friedrich (1842 – 1923)
Mikro-Organismen bei den Wund-Infections-Krankheiten des Menschen.
Rosenbach proved that streptococci and staphylococci are distinct and differentiated two strains of staphylococci (“aureus” and “albus”). He cultured cocci from a considerable range of septic conditions, thus more acc…
GMN 5619 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7159
1885 ANNANDALE, Thomas (1839 – 1908)
An operation for displaced semilunar cartilage.
The first deliberate and planned operation for the relief of internal derangement of the knee-joint caused by a displaced cartilage, i.e. repair of the meniscus. Annandale succeeded Lister as Professor of Clinical Sur…
GMN 4426.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6248
1888 KÖNIG, Franz (1832 – 1910)
Ueber freie Körper in den Gelenken.
König of Göttingen was the first to use the term “osteochondritis dissecans”.
GMN 4350 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5751
1889 KAHLER, Otto (1849 – 1893)
Zur Symptomatologie des multiplen Myeloms.
“Kahler’s disease” – multiple myeloma.
GMN 4351 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5753
1890 OLLIER, Louis Xavier Édouard Léopold (1830 – 1900)
Exostoses multiples.
“Ollier’s disease”. He described a form of dyschondroplasia.
GMN 4352 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5759
1890 BRADFORD, Edward Hickling (1848 – 1926); LOVETT, Robert Williamson (1859 – 1924)
Treatise on orthopedic surgery.
Includes a description of the “Bradford frame”, used in the treatment of spinal disorders.
GMN 4353 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5763
1890 MARIE, Pierre (1853 – 1940)
De l’ostéo-arthropathie hypertrophiante pneumonique.
Original description of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, sometimes called “Bamberger–Marie disease”.
GMN 4354 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5766
1890 HOFFA, Albert (1859 – 1908)
Zur operativen Behandlung der angeborenen Hüftgelenksverrenkungen.
Hoffa’s method of operative treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip-joint.
GMN 4355 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5771
1890 GLUCK, Themistocles (1853 – 1942)
Referat über die durch das moderne chirurgische Experiment gewonnen positive Resultate, betreffend die Naht und den Ersatz von Defecten.
The first total joint replacements: Gluck replaced the tuberculous knee joint of a 17 year old woman with a hinged ivory prosthesis on May 20, 1890, followed by a total wrist replacement in another patient three weeks…
GMN 7212 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9379
1891 HOFFA, Albert (1859 – 1908)
Lehrbuch der orthopädischen Chirurgie .
Hoffa, a leading German orthopedist, made important contributions to the subject and founded the Zeitschrift für orthopädische Chirurgie.
GMN 4356 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5775
1891 RECKLINGHAUSEN, Friedrich Daniel von (1833 – 1910)
Die fibröse oder deformirende Ostitis, die Osteomalacie und die osteoplastische Carcinose in ihren gegenseitigen Beziehungen. In: Festschrift R. Virchow.
Recklinghausen gave an important description of generalized osteitis fibrosa. His reference to the earlier case reported by Engel (see No. 4335) has led to this condition being sometimes referred to as “Engel–Reckling…
GMN 4358 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5794
1891 SPRENGEL, Otto Gerhard Karl (1852 – 1915)
Die angeborene Verschiebung des Schulterblattes nach oben.
Classic description of “Sprengel’s deformity”, a congenital upward displacement of the scapula.
GMN 4359 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5797
1891 HADRA, Berthold Ernest (1842 – 1903)
Wiring of the vertebrae as a means of immobilization in fracture and Pott’s disease.
“In a case of fracture-dislocation of the cervical spine (C 6-7) he [Hadra] performed open reduction, twisting metal wires around the spinous processes to stabilize the injured sector” (Bick). This is the first report…
GMN 4359.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5800
1891 HADRA, Berthold Ernest (1842 – 1903)
Wiring the spinal processes in Pott’s disease.
First spinal fusion.
GMN 4359.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5802
1892 WOLFF, Julius (1836 – 1902)
Das Gesetz der Transformation der Knochen.
“Wolff’s law” stated that every change in form and function of a bone, or in its function alone, is followed by certain definite changes in its internal architecture and equally definite secondary alterations in its m…
GMN 641 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/520
1892 KÜMMELL, Hermann (1852 – 1937)
Traumatische rarefizierende Ostitis.
“Kümmell’s disease”. He described a form of traumatic spondylitis.
GMN 4357 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5779
1892 BECHTEREV, Vladimir Michailovich [BEKHTEREV] (1857 – 1927)
Oderevenielost pozvonochnika s iskrivleniyem yevo, kak osobaya forma zabolievaniya. [Ankylosis of the spine with curvature as a special form of disease.]
Bechterev’s disease – ankylosing spondylitis, previously described by Strümpell. A German translation of the paper is in Neurol. Zbl., 1893, 12, 426-34.
GMN 4360 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5805
1892 KAUFMANN, Edouard (1860 – 1931)
Untersuchungen über die sogenannte foetale Rachitis (Chondrodystrophia foetalis).
First study of the cartilage changes in achondroplasia.
GMN 4361 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5807
1892 KLIPPEL, Maurice (1858 – 1942)
De la pseudo-paralysie générale arthritique.
First description of “Klippel’s disease”, arthritic general pseudoparalysis.
GMN 4362 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5810
1892 PARRISH, B. F.
A new operation for paralytic talipes valgus, and the enunciation of a new surgical principle.
First successful tendon transplantation.
GMN 4363 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5812
1893 ALBERT, Eduard (1841 – 1900)
Achillodynie.
Tendo Achilles bursitis, “Albert’s disease”.
GMN 4364 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5818
1894 JABOULAY, Mathieu (1860 – 1913)
La désarticulation interilio-abdominale.
Interilio-abdominal amputation first described.
GMN 4472 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/73
1894 PÉAN, Jules-Émile (1830 – 1898)
Des moyens prothétiques destinés à obtenir la réparation des parties osseuses.
Total prosthetic replacement of shoulder (p. 291) using an artificial joint made of hardened rubber and platinum. English translation in Bick, Classics of orthopaedics, 443-46.
GMN 4364.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5821
1894 LANE, Sir William Arbuthnot (1856 – 1943)
A method of treating simple oblique fractures of the tibia and fibula more efficient than those in common use.
Lane’s method of “osteo-synthesis” in the treatment of fractures – the perfect re-apposition of the affected parts by means of operative intervention.
GMN 4429 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6262
1895 GIRARD, Charles (1850 – 1916)
Désarticulation de l’os iliaque pour sarcome.
First successful hind-quarter amputation.
GMN 4473 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/74
1895 LORENZ, Adolf (1854 – 1946)
The operative treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip-joint.
Lorenz suggested a bloodless method for closed reduction of congenital dislocation of the hip-joint – the “Hoffa–Lorenz” method.
GMN 4365 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5828
1895 TRENDELENBURG, Friedrich (1844 – 1924)
Ueber den Gang bei angeborener Hüftgelenksluxation.
“Trendelenburg’s sign” of congenital dislocation of the hip-joint.
GMN 4428 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6259
1896 MARFAN, Antoine Bernard-Jean (1858 – 1942)
Un cas de déformation congénitale des quatre membres, plus prononcée aux extrémités, charactérisée par l’allongement des os avec un certain degré d’amincissement.
“Marfan syndrome”. Marfan described only the skeletal deformities. He called the condition dolichostenomelia. Later writers recorded bilateral ectopia lentis and cardiovascular complications in this syndrome.
GMN 4365.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5831
1896 TUBBY, Alfred Herbert (1862 – 1930)
Deformities: A treatise on orthopaedic surgery.
Includes a valuable discussion of congenital anomalies of the bones and joints from the orthopedic point of view. Greatly expanded second edition, 2 vols., London, 1912.
GMN 4366 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5833
1897 BRUCK, Alfred (1865 – )
Ueber eine seltene Form von Erkrankung der Knochen und Gelenke.
“Bruck’s disease” – deformity of bones, multiple fractures, ankylosis of joints, and muscular atrophy.
GMN 4367 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5837
1898 VANGHETTI, Giuliano (1861 – 1940)
Amputazione, disarticulazione et protesi.
Vanghetti was the first to suggest the use of the musculature remaining above the amputation stump to form a motor unit for artificial limbs – “kinematization of stumps”.
GMN 4474 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/314
1898 MARIE, Pierre (1853 – 1940)
Sur la Spondylose rhizomélique.
Marie described as “spondylose rhizomélique” the ankylosing spondylitis or spondylitis deformans originally reported by Strümpell and called variously “Strümpell’s disease”, “Bechterev’s disease”, “Marie’s disease”.
GMN 4368 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5842
1898 MARIE, Pierre (1853 – 1940); SAINTON, Paul (1868 – 1958)
Sur la dysostose cléido-crânienne héréditaire.
In their important description of cleido-cranial dysostosis, Marie and Sainton gave to it its present name. It was first described by Morand (No. 4302.1) in 1760. English translation in Bick, Classics of orthopaedics,…
GMN 4369 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5850
1898 POLAND, John (1855 – 1937)
Traumatic separation of the epiphyses.
Definitive and exhaustive study of growth plate fractures in children. Poland also published the series of x rays included in the above work as a separate atlas: Skiagraphic atlas showing the development of the bones …
GMN 4429.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6265
![HIPPOCRATES, [Ἱπποκράτης; Hippocrates of Kos] (-460 – -370)](/media/portraits/50)
