1923 APERT, Eugène Charles (1868 – 1940); ET AL

Nouvelle observation d’acrocéphalosyndactylie.

With Tixier, Hue, and Kermorgant.

GMN 4390 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5961

1923 JONES, Sir Robert (1858 – 1933); LOVETT, Robert Williamson (1859 – 1924)

Orthopaedic surgery.

Jones was a pupil of Hugh Owen Thomas and a pioneer of active surgical intervention in orthopedics. He advocated tendon transplantation, bone grafting, and other reconstructive and restorative procedures. He did much …

GMN 4391 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5966

1923 BANKART, Arthur Sydney Blundell (1879 – 1951)

Recurrent or habitual dislocation of the shoulder-joint.

Blundell Bankart’s operation.

GMN 4432 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6278

1924 GREIG, David Middleton (1864 – 1936)

Hypertelorism. A hitherto undifferentiated congenital cranio-facial deformity.

First description of hypertelorism as a separate entity.

GMN 4392 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5970

1924 WHITMAN, Royal (1857 – 1946)

The reconstruction operation for arthritis deformans of the hip-joint.

The first sustained attempt to relieve osteoarthrosis of the hip by surgical means other than fusion.

GMN 4392.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5972

1925 OSGOOD, Robert Bayley (1873 – 1956)

The evolution of orthopaedic surgery.

GMN 4480 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/324

1925 CODMAN, Ernest Amory (1869 – 1940)

Bone sarcoma, an interpretation of the nomenclature used by the Committee on the Registry of Bone Sarcoma of the American College of Surgeons.

GMN 4393 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5977

1927 KOLODNY, Anatole (1892 – 1948)

Bone sarcoma. The primary malignant tumors of bone and the giant cell tumor.

Based on material collected by the Registry of Bone Sacrcoma in Boston since its foundation in 1921.

GMN 4394 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5979

1927 HIPPOCRATES, [Ἱπποκράτης; Hippocrates of Kos] (-460 – -370); WITHINGTON, Edward Theodore (1860 – 1947)

Fractures, joints, instruments of reduction. In [Works] with an English translation by E.T. Withington, 3, 83-449.

GMN 4406 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6162

1927 SORANUS OF EPHESUS (ΣΩΡΑΝΌΣ) (100 – 150); ILBERG, Johannes (1860 – 1930)

Sorani Gynaeciorum libri 4. De signis fracturarum. De fasciis. Vita Hippocratis secundum Soranum. Ed. Johannes Ilberg. Corpus medicorum Graecorum, 4.

Standard Greek edition of the works of Soranus. Digital facsimile from the Corpus Medicorum Graecorum at this link.

GMN 6009 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7182

1927 ARINKIN, Mikhail (1876 – 1948)

"Methodology of examining bone marrow in live patients, with haemopoietic disease."

Needle puncture of bone marrow biopsy. (In Russian.) German account in Folia haemat. (Lpz.), 1929, 38, 233-40. English translation from the German in Bick, Classics of orthopaedics, 339-44.

GMN 3088 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8947

1927 MORTON, Dudley Joy (1884 – 1960)

Metatarsus atavicus: The identification of a distinct type of foot disorder.

"Morton's toe," the condition of having a first metatarsal which is short in relation to the second metatarsal. It is a type of brachymetatarsia. See also Morton, The human foot: Its evolutionary development, physiolo…

GMN 13996 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16300

1928 JANSEN, Murk (1863 – 1935)

Dissociation of bone growth. (Exostoses and enchondromata, of Ollier’s dyschondroplasia and associated phenomena.) In The Robert Jones Birthday Volume

Jansen’s theory of dissociation of bone growth.

GMN 4395 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5987

1929 ENGELMANN, Guido (1876 – 1959)

Ein Fall von Osteopathia hyperostotica (sclerotisans) multiplex infantilis.

“Engelmann’s disease”, also known as "Camurati-Engelmann disease" — a very rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder that causes characteristic anomalies in the skeleton. It is a form of dysplasia, causing osteoscleros…

GMN 4395.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5989

1929 –1930 MAXWELL, John Preston (1871 – 1961)

Further studies in osteomalacia.

Maxwell showed osteomalacia to be due to lack of vitamin D.

GMN 4396 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5991

1929 MORQUIO, Luis (1867 – 1935)

Sur une forme de dystrophie osseuse familiale.

“Morquio’s disease”, eccentro-osteochondrodysplasia.

GMN 4397 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5998

1929 BRAILSFORD, James Frederick (1888 – 1961)

Chondro-osteo-dystrophy. Roentgenographic and clinical features of a child with dislocation of vertebrae.

Morquio–Brailsford disease (see No. 4397).

GMN 4397.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6001

1929 BÖHLER, Lorenz (1885 – 1973)

Technik der Knochenbruchbehandlung.

Böhler introduced several new methods and devised new apparatus for the treatment of fractures. His clinic in Vienna became world-famous. 12-13th ed., 1951.

GMN 4433 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6282

1929 ORR, Hiram Winnett (1877 – 1956)

Osteomyelitis and compound fractures and other infected wounds: Treatment by the method of drainage and rest.

Orr developed a treatment for open fractures “consisting of thorough debridement, reduction of the fracture, and usually, maintenance of the reduction by the technique of pins transfixing the fragments and incorporate…

GMN 4433.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6286

1930 MILKMAN, Louis Arthur (1895 – 1951)

Pseudofractures (hunger osteopathy, late rickets, osteomalacia): report of a case.

“Milkman’s syndrome”.

GMN 4398 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6005

1930 PUTTI, Vittorio (1880 – 1940)

Historic artificial limbs.

GMN 7797 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9969

1931 BAER, William Stevenson (1872 – 1931)

The treatment of chronic osteomyelitis with the maggot (larva of the blow fly).

Larrey observed the therapeutic effect of maggots on wounds; W. S. Baer inaugurated the method of treating osteomyelitis by this means (“Baer therapy”).

GMN 4399 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6011

1931 GESCHICKTER, Charles Freeman (1901 – 1987); COPELAND, Murray Marcus (1902 – 1981)

Tumors of bone.

GMN 4400 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6017

1931 BURMAN, Michael S. (1901 – 1975)

Arthroscopy or the direct visualization of joints: An experimental cadaver study.

The first description of arthroscopic appearance of joints other than the knee, and a classic on the fundamental principles of the procedure. Follow-up paper by Burman, H. Finkelstein, & L. Mayer: Arthroscopy of the k…

GMN 4400.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6021

1931 SMITH-PETERSEN, Marius Nygaard (1886 – 1953); ET AL

Intracapsular fractures of the neck of the femur. Treatment by internal fixation.

Smith-Petersen nail, a three-flanged nail which prevented rotation of the femoral head. With E.F. Cave and G. W. Van Gorder.

GMN 4434 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6289

1932 PHELPS, Winthrop Morgan (1894 – 1971)

Cerebral birth injuries: Their orthopaedic classification and subsequent treatment.

Phelps established the modern classification and approach to these injuries.

GMN 4400.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6024

1932 MASON, Michael Livingood (1895 – 1963); SHEARON, Clarence Good (1899 – 1945)

The process of tendon repair: An experimental study of tendon suture and tendon graft.

GMN 14038 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16346

1933 PHEMISTER, Dallas B. (1882 – 1951)

Operative arrestment of longitudinal growth of bones in the treatment of deformities.

Epiphysiodesis to inhibit bone growth of a longer leg.

GMN 4400.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6027

1934 CODMAN, Ernest Amory (1869 – 1940)

The shoulder.

Definitive study of the rotator cuff, written in Codman’s idiosyncratic and iconoclastic style. Reprint, Malabar, Fl., Krieger, 1965.

GMN 4400.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6029

1934 MIXTER, William Jason (1880 – 1958); BARR, Joseph Seaton (1901 – 1963)

Rupture of the intervertebral disc with involvement of the spinal canal.

Demonstration of the causal role of intervertebral disc herniation in sciatica.

GMN 4435 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6294

1935 GORDON-TAYLOR, Sir Gordon (1878 – 1960); WILES, Philip (1899 – 1967)

Interinnomino-abdominal (hind-quarter) amputation.

One-stage operation.

GMN 4478 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/77

1935 PAUWELS, Friedrich (1885 – 1980)

Der Schenkelhalsbruch, Ein mechanische Problem.

Pioneering study of the biomechanics of the hip joint.

GMN 4400.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6031

1935 PUTTI, Vittorio (1880 – 1940)

Anatomia della lussazione congenita dell'anca.

Putti made many contributions to the understanding of congenital dislocation of the hip, a condition which was then endemic in Northern Italy.

GMN 7798 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9970

1936 –1938 GOCHT, Hermann (1869 – 1938); BLENCKE, August (1869 – 1937); WITTE, Erich

Die orthopädische Weltliteratur 1903-30. Herausg von A. Blencke und H. Gocht. Ergänzungsband 1931-35 bearbeitet von Erich Witte. 3 vols.

GMN 4481 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8872

1937 ALBRIGHT, Fuller (1900 – 1969)

Syndrome characterized by osteitis fibrosa disseminata, areas of pigmentation and endocrine dysfunction, with precocious puberty in females. Report of five cases.

“Albright’s syndrome”. With A. M. Butler, A. O. Hampton, and P. Smith.

GMN 4401 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6037

1937 VENABLE, Charles Scott (1877 – 1961); ET AL

The effects on bone of the presence of metals; based upon electrolysis. An experimental study.

Introduction of vitallium. With W. Stuck and A. Beach.

GMN 4402 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6041

1938 PALMER, Ivor

On the injuries to the ligaments of the knee joint: A clinical study.

Classic study of knee ligament injuries.

GMN 4478.110 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/323

1938 HOFFMANN, Raoul

“Rotules à os” pour la réduction dirigée, non sanglante, des fractures (“ostéotaxis”).

Hoffmann, a Swiss general surgeon with a doctorate in theology and unusual skill in carpentry, developed the versatile Hoffmann system of external fixation devices.

GMN 4435.01 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6298

1938 TRUETA I RASPALL, Josep (1897 – 1977)

El tratamiento de la fractura de guerra.

During the Spanish Civil War (1935-38) Trueta adopted as standard treatment for gunshot wounds and compound fractures the closed plaster method originated by the American surgeon H. Winnett Orr. Trueta called this the…

GMN 4435.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6303

1939 SMITH-PETERSEN, Marius Nygaard (1886 – 1953)

Arthroplasty of the hip. A new method.

Vitallium cup arthroplasty.

GMN 4403 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6045

1939 KITE, Joseph Hiram (1891 – 1986)

Principles involved in the treatment of congenital clubfoot.

Kite’s method, involving “a series of plaster casts and wedgings, without the use of anesthetics, forcible manipulations, or operative procedures”, became standard practice.

GMN 4403.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6049

1939 CAMPBELL, Willis Cohoon (1880 – 1941)

Operative orthopedics.

First edition of the most influential American textbook of orthopedics in the twentieth century.

GMN 4403.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6053

1939 STEINDLER, Arthur (1878 – 1959)

Tendon transplanation in the upper extremity.

Correction to this article in Am. J. Surg., 1939, 44, 534.

GMN 4403.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6056

1940 WATSON-JONES, Sir Reginald Watson (1902 – 1972)

Fractures and other bone and joint injuries.

Watson-Jones's textbook became known as "the bible." It was reprinted 15 times during the author's lifetime and translated into Spanish, French, German, Portuguese and Polish. "Throughout its publication, Watson-Jones…

GMN 11654 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13855

1942 INCLAN, Alberto Francis (1916 – )

The use of preserved bone grafts in orthopaedic surgery.

These studies form the basis of the modern use of bone preserved by refrigeration.

GMN 4404.01 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6067

1944 BUNNELL, Sterling (1882 – 1957)

Surgery of the hand.

Bunnell originated hand surgery as a specialty.

GMN 4404.02 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6071

1948 BICK, Edgar Milton (1902 – 1978)

Source book of orthopaedics.

A concise, thematic history of orthopedic surgery from the earliest times. Includes a useful bibliography. Reprinted 1968.

GMN 4482 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/325

1949 ORR, Hiram Winnett (1877 – 1956)

On the contributions of Hugh Owen Thomas of Liverpool, Sir Robert Jones of Liverpool and London, John Ridlon, M.D., of New York and Chicago, to modern orthopedic surgery.

GMN 4483 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/326

1949 SEEDORFF, Knud Stakemann (1915 – 1991)

Osteogenesis imperfecta: A study of clinical features and heredity based on 55 Danish families comprising 180 affected members.

Includes a translation of Ekman’s thesis (No. 4304.1). Also gives a case reported in 1678.

GMN 4404.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6075

1949 BLOUNT, Walter Putnam (1900 – 1992); CLARKE, George R.

Control of bone growth by epiphyseal stapling: A preliminary report.

“Blount staple”. Unlike previous processes, epiphyseal stapling permitted subsequent correction.

GMN 4404.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6086