1837 –1841 PIROGOV, Nikolai Ivanovich (Pirogoff) (1810 – 1881)
Anatomia chirurgica truncorum arteriarum nec non fasciarum fibrosarum.
An atlas of arterial stems and fasciae. Translated into German as Chirurgische anatomie der Arterienstamme und Fascien neu Bearbeitet von Julius Szymanowski. Leipzig und Heidelberg: C. F. Winter, 1850. Digital facsimi…
GMN 11697 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13898
1838 GANNAL, Jean-Nicolas (1791 – 1852)
Histoire des embaumements et de la préparation des pièces d'anatomie normale, d'anatomie pathologique et de l'histoire naturelle suivie de procédés nouveau.
Gannal discovered the efficacy of solutions of aluminum acetate and chloride for preserving anatomical preparations. His method of embalming involved injection of solutions of aluminum salts into the arteries. Transla…
GMN 7672 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9844
1840 BOWMAN, Sir William (1816 – 1892)
On the minute structure and movements of voluntary muscle.
Classical description of striated muscle
GMN 542 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/264
1840 PACINI, Filippo (1812 – 1883)
Nuovi organi scoperti nel corpo humano.
“Pacini’s corpuscles”, end organs of sensory nerves, earlier described by Vater in 1717.
GMN 1263 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2164
1841 HENLE, Friedrich Gustav Jakob (1809 – 1885)
Allgemeine Anatomie. Lehre von den Mischungs- und Formbestandtheilen des menschlichen Körpers.
Many of the histological discoveries of Henle are described in the above. He classified tissues histologically. In the section on Gefässnerven (pp. 510, 690) Henle demonstrated the presence of smooth muscle in the end…
GMN 543 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/268
1842 ANDRAL, Gabriel (1797 – 1876); LACROIX, Louis Edward; DENONVILLIERS, Charles-Pierre (1808 – 1872)
Muséum d'anatomique pathologique de la Faculté de Médecine de Paris, ou Musée Dupuytren. Publié au nom de la Faculté. 2 vols. and atlas.
Plates lithographed after drawings by Émile Beau. Digital facsimile from BnFGallica at this link.
GMN 10381 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12573
1844 KOBELT, Georg Ludwig (1804 – 1857)
Die männlichen und weiblichen Wollust-Organe des Menschen und einiger Säugetiere.
Kobelt provided the first comprehensive and accurate description of the function of the clitoris.Digital facsimile from digi.ub.uni-heidelberg at this link.
GMN 11148 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13345
1845 HUXLEY, Thomas Henry (1825 – 1895)
On a hitherto undescribed structure in the human hair sheath.
“Huxley’s layer” and “membrane” of the root sheath of hair follicles.
GMN 412 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/935
1845 GOODSIR, John (1814 – 1867); GOODSIR, Henry Duncan Spens (1819 – 1848)
Anatomical and pathological observations.
John Goodsir’s paper on “Centres of nutrition” anticipates to a certain extent the cell doctrine afterwards developed by Virchow (see No. 2299). Virchow dedicated the first edition of his Cellularpathologie to Goodsir…
GMN 2294.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2928
1845 HOLLICK, Frederick (1818 – 1900)
The origin of life: A popular treatise on the philosophy and physiology of reproduction, in plants and animals, including the details of human generation with a full description of the male and female organs. Illustrated by fine colored engravings on stone.
Digital facsimile of the 20th edition from Google Books at this link.
GMN 13761 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16046
1846 –1849 HASSALL, Arthur Hill (1817 – 1894)
The microscopic anatomy of the human body, in health and disease.
First English textbook on microscopical anatomy. His description of the concentric corpuscles of the thymus (p. 9) led to the term “Hassall’s corpuscles”.
GMN 544 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/180
1846 HYRTL, Josef (1810 – 1894)
Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen.
Hyrtl’s Lehrbuch passed through 22 editions and was translated into the principal modern languages.
GMN 413 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/939
1847 GERLACH, Joseph von (1820 – 1896)
Beobachtung einer tödlichen Peritonitis, als Folge einer Perforation des Wurmfortsatzes.
Description of “Gerlach’s valve”, sometimes seen at the orifice of the appendix.
GMN 994 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/729
1847 HYRTL, Josef (1810 – 1894)
Handbuch der topographischen Anatomie. 2 vols.
Hyrtl, professor of anatomy at Vienna, published the first text on topographical anatomy in German. He was for 30 years the most popular lecturer on the subject in Europe, and ranks as one of the greatest of medical s…
GMN 414 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/941
1848 SHARPEY, William (1802 – 1880)
Bone or osseous tissue.
The discovery of the “fibers of Sharpey” is reported on pp. cxlii-cxliii.
GMN 545 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/186
1849 RETZIUS, Anders Adolf (1796 – 1860)
Ueber das Ligamentum pelvoprostaticum oder den Apparat, durch welchen die Harnblase, die Prostata und die Harnröhre an den untern Beckenöffnung befestigt sind.
The “cave of Retzius” described.
GMN 1221 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1905
1849 MOUAT, Frederic John (1816 – 1897)
An atlas of anatomical plates of the human body, with descriptive letter-press in English and Hindustani.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 13868 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16158
1850 LEYDIG, Franz (1821 – 1908)
Zur Anatomie der männlichen Geschlechtsorgane un Analdrüsen der Säugethiere.
Leydig was the first to describe the interstitial cells of the testis (“Leydig cells”).
GMN 1222 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1908
1851 MACLISE, Joseph (1815 – 1880)
Surgical anatomy.
"The drawings of Maclise for Quain's Anatomy of the arteries and for his own Surgical anatomy are indeed done, as Quain wrote, with spirit and effect. These figures of anatomical dissection seem lifelike; in many plat…
GMN 13302 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15568
1852 KNOX, Robert (1791 – 1862)
A manual of artistic anatomy.
Knox, remembered because of his indiscreet association with the Edinburgh “resurrectionists”, was one of the best teachers of anatomy during the 19th century.
GMN 415 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/945
1852 –1859 PIROGOV, Nikolai Ivanovich (Pirogoff) (1810 – 1881)
Anatome topographica sectionibus per corpus humanum congelatum triplici directione ductis illustrata. 8 pts.
Pirogov was the greatest of Russian surgeons. He introduced the teaching of applied topographical anatomy in Russia. His atlas of 220 plates represents the first use on a grand scale of frozen sections in anatomical i…
GMN 416 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/950
1853 TREITZ, Václav (Wenzel) (1819 – 1872)
Ueber einen neuen Muskel am Duodenum des Menschens, über elastische Sehnnen, und einige andere anatomische Verhãltnisse.
Treitz, a Czech pathologist, discovered the muscle at the duodenojejunal junction, later called “muscle of Treitz”; the fold of peritoneum over the muscle of Treitz is known as the "ligament of Treitz."
GMN 7241 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9410
1854 POLAK, Jakob Eduard (1818 – 1891)
Kitab fi tashrih beden al-insan [in Persian; English translation: Anatomy of the human body]. Lithographed text.
The first original Persian-language anatomy textbook based on western medical science, printed in a very small number of copies for the use of Polak’s Persian students. Polak, an Austrian physician, was responsible fo…
GMN 14061 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16371
1855 –1871 HENLE, Friedrich Gustav Jakob (1809 – 1885)
Handbuch der systematischen Anatomie des Menschen. 3 vols.
Considered by many authorities to be the greatest of the 19th-century systems of anatomy. Many structures are named after Henle, including the looped portion of the uriniferous tubules of the kidney, the layer of cell…
GMN 417 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/953
1855 –1869 SIBSON, Francis (1814 – 1876)
Medical anatomy: or, illustrations of the relative position and movements of the internal organs. 7 pts.
Sibson was professor of medicine at St. Mary’s Hospital. “Sibson’s fascia” and “muscle” are named after him. Plates 19-21 show movements, structure and sounds of the heart.
GMN 422 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/999
1857 VIRCHOW, Rudolf Ludwig Karl (1821 – 1902)
Untersuchungen uber die Entwickelung des Schädelgrundes im gesunden und krankhaften Zustande und über Einfluss derselben auf Schädelform, Gesichtsbildung und Gehirnbau.
In his Investigations on the development of the base of the skull in healthy and diseased conditions, and on the influence of the same upon skull form, facial structure and brain formation Virchow laid the foundation …
GMN 13248 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15513
1858 GRAY, Henry (1825 – 1861); CARTER, Henry Vandyke (1831 – 1897)
Anatomy, descriptive and surgical
Gray’s textbook of anatomy remains today a standard work on the subject in the English-speaking world. The 37th edition appeared in 1989; the first American edition was published at Philadelphia, 1859. Digital facsimi…
GMN 418 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/957
1858 HUMPHRY, Sir George Murray (1820 – 1896)
A treatise on the human skeleton, including the joints.
Humphry was professor of anatomy at Cambridge and became the first professor of surgery there. He founded the Journal of Anatomy and Physiology in 1867. “Humphry’s ligament” of the knee-joint is described on p. 546 of…
GMN 419 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/959
1858 OLLIER, Louis Xavier Édouard Léopold (1830 – 1900)
Des moyens chirurgicaux de favoriser la reproduction des os après les résections.
“Ollier’s layer”, the osteogenetic layer of the periosteum.
GMN 420 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/993
1861 LEIDY, Joseph (1823 – 1891)
An elementary treatise on human anatomy.
Leidy illustrated this book himself. He was professor of anatomy at Philadelphia and the leading American anatomist of his time.
GMN 421 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/997
1861 –1867 RÜDINGER, Nikolaus (1832 – 1896)
Atlas des peripherischen Nervensystems des menschlichen Körpers / Atlas du système nerveux périphérique du corps humain. Mit einem Vorwort von Prof. Dr. Th. W. L. Bischoff, nach der Natur photographirt von Joseph Alb. 10 parts.
Issued in 10 parts in folio (510 x 360 mm). Includes 46 large-format original photographs mounted on sheets of cardboard.
GMN 14159 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16474
1862 RECKLINGHAUSEN, Friedrich Daniel von (1833 – 1910)
Die Lymphgefässe und ihre Beziehung zum Bindegewebe.
“Recklinghausen’s canals”, the lymph canaliculi.
GMN 1108 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1169
1862 CLARK, William (1788 – 1869); CLARK, John Willis (1833 – 1910)
Catalogue of the osteological portion of specimens contained in the Anatomical Museum of the University of Cambridge.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 7621 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9793
1864 DEAN, John (1831 – 1888)
The gray substance of the medulla oblongata and trapezium.
The first American medical book illustrated with photomechanically reproduced plates. Oliver Wendell Holmes praised the book for its remarkable photomicrographs, which may be the first published of brain cross-section…
GMN 7331 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9502
1865 SCHULTZE, Bernhard Sigmund (1827 – 1919)
Wandtafeln zur Schwangerschafts- und Geburtskunde. Text volume in quarto format plus atlas in double elephant folio format (915 x 650mm.)
This huge atlas of obstetric wall charts contains 20 chromolithographed plates measuring over 3 feet by 2 feet, illustrating the female reproductive anatomy, stages of pregnancy, normal and breech presentations of the…
GMN 10273 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12464
1868 GOODSIR, John (1814 – 1867); TURNER, Sir William (1832 – 1916); LONSDALE, Henry (1816 – 1876)
The anatomical memoirs of John Goodsir F.R.S. Edited by William Turner. With a biographical memoir by Henry Lonsdale. 2 vols.
GMN 13221 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15485
1869 LANGERHANS, Paul (1847 – 1888)
Beiträge zur mikroskopischen Anatomie der Bauchspeicheldrüse. Inaugural-Dissertation.
First account of the islets of Langerhans. In 1893 Édouard Laguesse attached the name of Langerhans to the structures. Langerhans did not suggest any function for them. The book was reprinted with an English translati…
GMN 1009 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/821
1870 HEITZMANN, Carl (1836 – 1896)
Die descriptive und topographische Anatomie des Menschen.
GMN 423 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1003
1870 LANGHANS, Theodor (1839 – 1915)
Zur Kenntnis der menschlichen Placenta.
“Langhans’s layer”—the cytotrophoblast, the individual cells of which are termed “Langhans’s cells”.
GMN 491 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1419
1872 BRAUNE, Christian Wilhelm (1831 – 1892)
Topographisch-anatomischer Atlas. Nach Durchschnitten angefrornen Cadavern.
Fine illustrations of frozen sections. Translated into English by Edward Bellamy as An atlas of topographical anatomy after plane sections of frozen bodies. (Philadelphia: Lindsay and Blakiston, 1877).
GMN 424 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1010
1872 BRAUNE, Christian Wilhelm (1831 – 1892)
Die Lage des Uterus und Foetus am Ende der Schwangerschaft nach Durchschnitten an gefrornen Cadavern
Supplement to No. 424.
GMN 6188 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7527
1873 HYRTL, Josef (1810 – 1894)
Die Corrosions-Anatomie und ihre Ergebnisse: mit 18 chromolithographirten Tafeln.
Hyrtl significantly enhanced the techniques of corrosion anatomy, a technique of preparing anatomical specimens invented by Frederik Ruysch. He built up a collection unsurpassed in Europe. In this work Hyrtl described…
GMN 425 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9802
1876 KUPFFER, Karl Wilhelm von (1829 – 1902)
Ueber Stemzellen der Leber.
“Kupffer cells” – macrophage stellate cells in the lining of the blood channels in the liver. Confocal microscopy picture showing the steady-state location and interactions between Kupffer cells (Red), hepatic stellat…
GMN 552 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/220
1876 VIRCHOW, Rudolf Ludwig Karl (1821 – 1902)
Die Sections-Technik im Leichenhause des Charité-Krankenhauses.
On the technique of dissection. English translation, London, 1876.
GMN 2304 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2946
1878 HEIDENHAIN, Rudolf Peter Heinrich (1834 – 1897)
Ueber die Pepsinbildung in den Pylorusdrusen.
Heidenhain pouch.
GMN 1012.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/846
1881 DWIGHT, Thomas (1843 – 1911); QUINCY, Henry Parker (1833 – 1899)
Frozen sections of a child by Thomas Dwight. Fifteen drawings from nature by H. P. Quincy.
The first atlas of cross-sectional anatomy published in the United States. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link
GMN 7645 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9817
1884 REID, Robert William (1851 – 1939)
Observations on the relation of the principal fissures and convolutions of the cerebrum to the outer surface of the scalp.
Reid’s base line – the anthropometric base line on the skull.
GMN 426 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1020
1884 WALDEYER-HARTZ, Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von (1836 – 1921)
Ueber den lymphatischenApparat des Pharynx.
“Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring”, the lymphoid ring of the nasopharynx.
GMN 1111 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1188
1884 –1889 BRAUNE, Christian Wilhelm (1831 – 1892)
Das Venensystem des menschlichen Körpers. 2 pts. and atlas.
Like Braune’s other anatomical works, this is notable for its excellent illustrations.
GMN 784 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1770
1886 KOLLMANN, Julius Konstantin Ernst (1834 – 1918)
Plastische Anatomie des menschlichen Körpers.
“Illustrated with lithographs from hand-drawings, photographs from the nude, ethnic studies of facial features…The text…is of unusual historic interest, and includes special chapters on the anatomy of the infant, huma…
GMN 427 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1023
