1800 –1801 LARREY, Dominique Jean (1766 – 1842)
Mémoire sur l’ophtalmie régnante en Egypte.
The great military surgeon Larrey served during the Napoleonic campaign in Egypt, where he was the first to observe the contagiousness of trachoma shortly after the successful invasion in 1798. The disease spread to E…
GMN 5837 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7120
1807 VETCH, John (1783 – 1835)
An account of the ophthalmia which has appeared in England since the return of the British Army from Egypt.
Vetch described trachoma.
GMN 5839 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7142
1812 –1817 LARREY, Dominique Jean (1766 – 1842)
Mémoires de chirurgie militaire, et campagnes. (Vol. 5 entitled Relation médicale de campagnes et voyages.) 5 vols.
Larrey was the greatest military surgeon in history. Of him Napoleon said: “C’est l’homme le plus vertueux que j’ai connu”. He was present at all Napoleon’s great battles and one of the few who stood by him on his abd…
GMN 2160 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/888
1851 –1856 ARLT, Carl Ferdinand von (1812 – 1887)
Die Krankheiten des Auges. 3 vols.
Arlt described granular conjunctivitis (“Arlt’s trachoma”) and an operation for transplantation of the ciliary bulbs in the treatment of distichiasis.
GMN 5865 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7234
1876 SAEMISCH, Edwin Theodor (1833 – 1909)
Der Frühjahrskatarrh. In: GRAEFE and SAEMISCH, Handbuch der gesammten Augenheilkunde
First description of vernal conjunctivitis.
GMN 5914 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6809
1883 KOCH, Robert Heinrich Hermann (1843 – 1910)
Bericht über die Thätigkeit der deutschen Cholerakommission in Aegypten und Ostindien.
Koch–Weeks bacillus, Hemophilus conjunctivitidis, or Hemophilus aegyptius. Koch discovered the bacilli of two varieties of Egyptian conjunctivitis. See also No. 5930.
GMN 5923 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6839
1886 WEEKS, John Elmer (1853 – 1949)
The bacillus of acute conjunctival catarrh or “pink eye”.
In 1883 Koch discovered the bacilli of two different forms of infectious conjunctivitis (Egyptian ophthalmia); in 1886. Weeks discovered the same organism to be the cause of “pink-eye”. The organism has become known a…
GMN 5930 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6860
1889 PARINAUD, Henri (1844 – 1905); GALEZOWSKI, Xavier (1832 – 1907)
Conjonctivite infectieuse transmise par les animaux.
Parinaud described an infectious tuberculous conjunctivitis transmissible from animals to man. In 1924 Gifford suggested the name “Parinaud’s oculo-glandular syndrome” as a more suitable description. See also Rec. Oph…
GMN 5936 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6889
1894 PARINAUD, Henri (1844 – 1905)
Conjonctivite lacrymale à pneumocoques des nouveau-nés.
GMN 5939 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6899
1896 MORAX, Victor (1866 – 1935)
Note sur un diplobacille pathogène pour la conjunctiva humaine.
Morax and Axenfeld (No. 5941) independently isolated a diplobacillus which causes a chronic conjunctivitis – the Morax – Axenfeld haemophilus.
GMN 5942 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6909
1897 AXENFELD, Karl Theodor Paul Polykarpos (1867 – 1930)
Beiträge zur Aetiologie der Bindehautenzündungen. Ueber chronische Diplobacillenconjunctivitis.
Description of the diplobacillary form of chronic conjunctivitis.
GMN 5941 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6905
1912 BOTTERI, Albert (1879 – 1955)
Klinische, experimentelle und mikroskopische Studien über Trachom, Einschlussblenorrhöe und Frühjahrskatarrh.
Filtration of the virus of inclusion conjunctivitis.
GMN 5960 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6978
1912 NICOLLE, Charles Jules Henri (1866 – 1936); ET AL
Le magot animal réactif du trachôme. Filtrabilité du virus. Pouvoir infectant des larmes.
Filtration of the trachoma agent, Chlamydia trachomatis. With L. Blaisot and A. Cuénod.
GMN 5961 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6981
1916 REITER, Hans Conrad Julius (1881 – 1969)
Ueber eine bisher unerkannte Spirochäteninfektion (Spirochaetosis arthritica).
“Reiter’s syndrome”, a disease of males characterized by initial diarrhea, urethritis, conjunctivitis, and arthritis. Reiter was a German Nazi physician and war criminal who conducted medical experiments at Buchenwald…
GMN 6371 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8304
1922 STEVENS, Albert Mason (1884 – 1945); JOHNSON, Frank Chambliss (1894 – 1934)
A new eruptive fever associated with stomatitis and ophthalmia; report of two cases in children.
“Stevens-Johnson syndrome”, a generalized eruption, continued fever, inflamed buccal mucosa, and severe purulent conjunctivitis. B.A. Thomas (Brit. med. J., 1950, 1, 1393) believes this to be merely a severe form of H…
GMN 4150 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5844
1927 NOGUCHI, Hideyo (1876 – 1928)
Experimental production of a trachoma-like condition in monkeys by means of a micro-organism isolated from American Indian trachoma.
Isolation of Bact. granulosis, believed by Noguchi to be the causal organism in trachoma. See also his monograph in J. exp. Med., 1928, 48, Suppl. 2.
GMN 5973 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7025
