1827 –1834 GOEBEL, Karl Christian Traugott Friedemann (1794 – 1851); KUNZE, Gustav (1793 – 1851); SCHENK, Ernst
Pharmaceutische Waarenkunde mit illuminirten Kupfern nach der Natur gezeichnet von Ernst Schenk. Begonnen von Friedemann Goebel. Fortgesetzt von Gustav Kunze. 14 parts in 2 vols.
GMN 9545 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11731
1828 –1830 RAFINESQUE, Constantine Samuel (1783 – 1840)
Medical flora; or, manual of the medical botany of the United States of North America. Containing a selection of above 100 figures and descriptions of medical plants, with their names, qualities, properties, history &c; and notes or remarks on nearly 500 equivalent substitutes. 2 vols.
Rafinesque was a great botanist, conchologist, archaeologist, and economist. Born in a suburb of Istanbul, he was also a world citizen and a prolific writer with 939 works to his credit. He died in extreme poverty in …
GMN 1849 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2331
1829 –1832 BROWN, Robert (1773 – 1858)
Observations on the organs and mode of fecundation in Orchideae and Asclepiadeae.
Discovery, in 1831, of the cell nucleus. First issued as a separate pamphlet: Observations on the Organs and Mode of Fecundation in orchideae and asclepiadeae ... [with:] Additional remarks ... London, [privately prin…
GMN 109 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1627
1830 SMITH, Elisha
The Botanic physician: Being a compendium of the practice of physic, upon botanical principles, containing all the principal branches necessary to the study of medicine, as anatomy; physiology; surgery; causes, symptoms and cure of diseases; midwifery; materia medica; pharmacy, botany, &c. Together with a great variety of useful recipes.
“The first treatise to attempt a scientific synthesis of the botanic practice....The first significant attempt to synthesize and systematize the prevailing botanic practice and plant materia medica” (Berman & Flannery…
GMN 12481 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14714
1831 MATTHEW, Patrick (1790 – 1874)
On naval timber and arboriculture.
The “first clear and complete” anticipation of the Darwinian theory of evolution by natural selection. The appendix to Matthew’s work actually uses the expression, “natural process of selection”. See W.J. Dempster, Pa…
GMN 216.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4037
1832 WATSON, Hewett Cottrell (1804 – 1881)
Outlines of the geographical distribution of British plants; belonging to the division of vasculares or cotyledones.
“Watson's major botanical endeavour was producing several versions of a work first entitled Outlines of the Geographical Distribution of British Plants (1832); it reached its most extensive form as Cybele Britannica, …
GMN 11642 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13843
1833 BACHE, Franklin (1792 – 1864); WOOD, George Bacon (1797 – 1879)
The dispensatory of the United States of America.
Digital facsimile of this, the first, and later editions from the Hathi Trust at this link.
GMN 10824 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13020
1834 GRAVES, George (1754 – 1839); MORRIES, John Davie
Hortus medicus, or figures and descriptions of the more important plants used in medicine, or possessed of poisonous qualities; with their medical properties, chemical analysis, &c. &c
This materia medica, with fine hand-colored plates, also includes and illustrates poisonous plants with detailed discussion of their properties. It includes recommended dosages for pharmaceutical preparations. Digital…
GMN 8662 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10839
1835 MOHL, Hugo von (1805 – 1872)
Ueber die Vermehrung der Pflanzen-Zellen durch Theilung. Eine Inaugural-Dissertation welche zur Erlangung der Doctor-Würde in der Medicin und Chirurgie welche / unter dem Präsidium von Hugo Mohl; vorlegt August Wilhelm Winter.
In his doctoral thesis Mohl reported his discovery of the multiplication of cells by division, later known as mitosis. Digital facsimile from Bayerische StaatsBibliothek at this link.
GMN 14133 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16444
1837 HEY, Rebecca
The spirit of the woods, illustrated by coloured engravings
Little is known of the anonymous author of this early illustrated work on trees except that she was also "Mrs. William Hey" and had previously published The moral of flowers. The beautiful hand-colored plates presumab…
GMN 11467 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13666
1837 BLANCO, Francisco Manuel (1778 – 1845)
Flora de Filipinas. Según el sistema sexual de Linneo.
The first manual of Philippine botany published in the Philippines. The first two editions (1837 and 1845) were unillustrated. From 1877 to 1883 Celestine Fernandez Villar (1838-1907), together with others including A…
GMN 11879 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14083
1838 SCHLEIDEN, Mattias Jakob (1804 – 1881)
Beiträge zur Phytogenesis.
Schleiden demonstrated that plant tissues are made up of and developed from groups of cells, of which he recognized the “cytoblast” or cell-nucleus. He observed with great accuracy certain other activities of the cell…
GMN 112 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1667
1841 –1849 NUTTALL, Thomas (1786 – 1859); MICHAUX, François André (1770 – 1855)
The North American sylva; or, A description of the forest trees of the United States, Canada, and Nova Scotia, considered particularly with respect to their use in the arts, and their introduction into commerce; to which is added a description of the most useful of the European trees. Illustrated by 156 coloured engravings. Translated from the French of F. Andrew Michaux ... With three additional volumes, containing all the forest trees discovered in the Rocky Mountains, the Territory of Oregon, down to the shores of the Pacific and into the confines of California, as well as in various parts of the United States. Illustrated by 122 finely coloured plates. 6 vols.
The first study of all the trees of North America. Digital facsimile of all 6 vols. from the Hathi Trust at this link.
GMN 7774 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9946
1841 MATTSON, Morris
The American vegetable practice, or, a new and improved guide to health: Designed for the use of families. : In six Parts. Part I. Concise view of the human body, with engraved and wood-cut illustrations. Part II. Glance at the old school practice of physic. Part III. Vegetable materia medica, with colored Illustrations. Part IV. Compounds. Part V. Practice of medicine, based upon what are deemed correct physiological and pathological principles. Part VI. Guide for women, containing a simplified treatise on childbirth, with a description of the diseases peculiar to females and infant. 2 vols.
The first American book with chromolithographed illustrations printed in America. The chromolithographed images depict American medicinal plants. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 10723 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12917
1841 –1854 DUMONT D'URVILLE, Jules Sébastien César (1790 – 1842); DUMOUTIER, Pierre-Marie-Alexandre (1797 – 1873); BLANCHARD, Charles Émile (1819 – 1900); JACQUINOT, Charles Hector (1796 – 1879); HOMBRON, Jacques Bernard (1798 – 1852); PUCHERAN, Jacques (1817 – 1895); GUICHENOT, Antoine Alphonse (1809 – 1876); LUCAS, H.; ROUSSEAU, L.; MONTAGNE, Jean Pierre François Camille (1784 – 1866); DECAISNE, Joseph (1807 – 1882); GRANGE, J.; VINCENDON-DUMOULIN, Clément Adrien (1811 – 1858); COUPVENT-DESBOIS, Aimé Auguste Élie (1814 – 1892)
Voyage au Pôle Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée, exécuté...pendant...1837-1840, sous le commandement de M. J. DUMONT D'URVILLE... publié... sour la direction supérieure de M. [C. H.] Jacquinot, &c. 23 vols. in 22.
In 1836 King Louis-Philippe, enthusiastic for Southern Hemisphere exploration, sponsored Dumont d'Urville's plan for a circumnavigation focusing on the South Seas. D'Urville had already distinguished himself on two Pa…
GMN 11902 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14107
1842 LAY, George Tradescant (1800 – 1845); BEECHEY, Frederick William (1796 – 1856); HOOKER, Sir William Jackson (1785 – 1865); WALKER-ARNOTT, George Arnott (1799 – 1868); COLLIE, Alexander (1793 – 1835)
The botany of Captain Beechey's voyage; comprising an account of the plants collected by Messrs Lay and Collie, and other officers of the expedition during the voyage to the Pacific and Bering's Strait, performed in His Majesty's Ship Blossom, under the command of Captain F. W. Beechey...in the years 1825, 26, 27, and 28
Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 11764 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13965
1842 –1843 GERVAIS, François Louis Paul (1816 – 1879); LE MAOUT, Jean-Emmanuel-Marie (1799 – 1877); COUAILHAC, Jean-Joseph-Louis (1810 – 1885); BERNARD, Pierre (1810 – 1876)
Le Jardin des plantes. Description complete, historique et pittoresque du Muséum d'histoire naturelle, de la ménagerie, des serres, des galeries de minéralogie et d'anatomie, et de la vallée suisse. Moeurs et instincts des animaux, botanique, anatomie comparée : minéralogie, géologie, zoologie. 2 vols. Title of vol. 2: Le jardin des plantes. Description complète, historique et pittoresque du Muséum d'histoire naturelle (oiseaux, reptiles, poissons, insectes et crustacés), par M. le docteur Emm. Lemaout.
Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 13402 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15674
1842 GRAHAM, Maria (later Maria, Lady Callcott) (1785 – 1842)
A scripture herbal.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 13747 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16031
1843 –1859 HOOKER, Sir Joseph Dalton (1817 – 1911)
The botany of the Antarctic voyage of H. M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror in the years 1839-1843.
Part 1: Flora of Lord Auckland and Campbell's Islands (1843-45); Part 2: Flora of Fuegia, the Falklands, Karguellen's land, etc. (1845-47); Part 3: Flora of New Zealand. 2 vols. (1851-53); Part 4: Flora of Tasmania. 2…
GMN 7448 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9620
1843 HINDS, Richard Brinsley (1811 – 1846)
The regions of vegetation; being an analysis of the distribution of vegetable forms over the surface of the globe in connexion with climate and physical agents.
Digital facsimile of the copy presented by Hinds to Charles Darwin, with Darwin's annotations, from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link. This work also appeared as a section of Edward Belcher's Narrative of…
GMN 9168 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11347
1843 TORREY, John (1796 – 1873)
A flora of the state of New-York, comprising full descriptions of all the indigenous and naturalized plants hitherto discovered in the state; with remarks on their economical and medicinal properties. 2 vols.
For a long time this was the most comprehensive botany of any U.S. state. Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 10512 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12705
1844 –1871 GAY, Claude [Claudio] (1800 – 1893)
Historia fisica y politica de Chile, segun documentos adquiridos en esta Republica durante doce años de residencia en ella .... 28 vols. text plus 2 vols. atlas. (30 vols.).
Gay, a French botanist, was commissioned in 1830 by the government of Chile to carry out a thorough scientific survey of the country, and to produce a detailed description of its geography, geology and natural history…
GMN 9067 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11246
1844 HINDS, Richard Brinsley (1811 – 1846); BENTHAM, George (1800 – 1884)
The botany of the voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher....Edited and superintended by Richard Brinsley Hinds. The botanical descriptions by George Bentham.
Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 9169 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11348
1845 VOIGT, Joachim Johann Otto (1798 – 1843)
Hortus suburbanus Calcuttensis. A catalog of the plants which were cultivated in the Hon. East India Company's Botanical Garden, Calcutta and in the Serampore Botanical Garden, known as Dr. Carey's Garden, from the beginning of both establishments (1786 and 1800) to the end of August 1841; drawn up according to the Jussieuan arrangement, and mostly in conformity with the second edition (1836) of Lindsay 's Natural System of Botany.
Catalogue of the thousands of plants which were cultivated in the East India Company’s Royal Botanical Garden in Shibpur (near Calcutta, founded in 1786) and ‘Dr. William Carey’s’ botanical garden in Serampore, Bengal…
GMN 10760 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12956
1845 PURSH, Frederick Traugott (1774 – 1820); DONN, James (1783 – 1813); LINDLEY, John (1799 – 1865); SINCLAIR, George (1787 – 1834)
Hortus cantabrigiensis, or, An accented catalogue of indigenous and exotic plants, cultivated in the Cambridge Botanical Garden. By the late James Donn, curator....With the additions and improvements of the successive editors, F. Pursh, J. Lindley, G. Sinclair. The thirteenth century, now further enlarged improved, and brought down to the present time by P. N. Don.
Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.
GMN 11960 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14167
1847 GRIFFITH, Robert Eglesfeld (1798 – 1850)
Medical botany: or, Descriptions of the more important plants used in medicine, with their history, properties, and mode of administration.
The author intended to update and correct the earlier works on American materia medica by Barton, Bigelow and Rafinesque, and to make this information available at a reasonable price. Digital facsimile from the Biodiv…
GMN 8545 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10722
1847 –1852 CASSONE, Felice (1815 – 1854)
Flora medico-farmaceutica. 6 vols.
Digital facsimile of the complete set from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 11808 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14010
1849 –1851 HOOKER, Sir Joseph Dalton (1817 – 1911); HOOKER, Sir William Jackson (1785 – 1865)
The rhododendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya: Being an account, botanical and geographical, of the rhododendrons recently discovered in the mountains of eastern Himalaya, from drawings and descriptions made on the spot, during a government botanical mission to that country
Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 13651 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15932
1851 HOFMEISTER, Wilhelm Friedrich Benedikt (1824 – 1877)
Vergleichende Untersuchungen der Keimung, Entfaltung und Fruchtbildung höherer Kryptogamen (Moose, Farrn, Equisetaceen, Rhizocarpeen und Lycopodiaceen) und der Samenbildung der Coniferen.
Hofmeister described the process of fertilization in non-flowering plants as an alternation of sexual and asexual generations in the mosses, ferns, horsetails and liverworts. He showed that asexual generation propagat…
GMN 7872 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10044
1851 GOMES, Bernardino António the younger (1806 – 1877)
Catalogus plantarum horti botanici medicocirurgicae Scholae Olisponensis anno MDCCCLII.
Lists 1,863 plants in the botanical garden at the Escola Medico-Cirurgica of Lisbon, arranged by genus and species according to Decandolle’s classification. The authors note in which part of Europe, India, the America…
GMN 9068 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11247
1852 –1853 HAMILTON, Edward (1815 – 1903)
The flora homoeopathica: Or, illustrations and descriptions of the medicinal plants used as homoeopathic remedies. 2 vols.
Hamilton detailed the symptoms of poisoning, records of successful use of the plant, and a description of its homeopathic uses. Finely illustrated with hand-colored plates, mostly by Henry Sowerby and his sister Charl…
GMN 10129 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12318
1853 WALLACE, Alfred Russel (1823 – 1913)
A narrative of travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro, with an account of the native tribes and observations on the climate, geology and natural history of the Amazon Valley.
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 7445 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9617
1853 WALLACE, Alfred Russel (1823 – 1913)
Palm trees of the Amazon.
Wallace's first book, printed in an edition of only 250 copies. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 8242 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10418
1854 HOOKER, Sir Joseph Dalton (1817 – 1911)
Himalayan journals; or, notes of a naturalist in Bengal, the Sikkim and Nepal Himalayas, the Khasia Mountains, &c. 2 vols.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 7447 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9619
1854 –1857 MEYER, Ernst Heinrich Friedrich (1791 – 1858)
Geschichte der Botanik. 4 vols.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 8965 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11144
1854 PORCHER, Francis Peyre (1825 – 1895)
On the medicinal and toxicological properties of the cryptogamic plants of the United States.
Separate edition: New York: Baker, Godwin & Co, 1854. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 10130 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12319
1855 HOOKER, Sir Joseph Dalton (1817 – 1911); THOMSON, Thomas (1817 – 1878)
Flora indica: Being a systematic account of the plants of British India, together with observations on the structure and affinities of their natural orders and genera. Vol. 1. Ranunculaceae to Fumariaceae, with an Introductory Essay. All published.
Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link. The Introductory Essay was also published separately by W. Pamphlin in 1855 with the following title: Introductory essay to the Flora Indica: includin…
GMN 13733 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16017
1855 ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND
Descriptive catalogue of the fossil organic remains of plants contained in the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 13864 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16154
1857 –1859 TORREY, John (1796 – 1873); EMORY, William Hemsley (1811 – 1887); BAIRD, Spencer Fullerton (1823 – 1887); CONRAD, Timothy Abbott (1803 – 1877); ENGELMANN, George (1809 – 1884); GIRARD, Charles Frédéric (1822 – 1895); PARRY, Charles Christopher (1823 – 1890); SCHOTT, Arthur Carl Victor (1814 – 1875); HALL, James Jr. (1811 – 1898)
Report on the United States and Mexican boundary survey: Made under the direction of the secretary of the Interior
Vol. 1, pt. by W. H. Emory. Vol. 1, pt. 2: Geological reports by C.C. Parry and Arthur Schott, notes by W. H. Emory; Paleontology and geology of the boundary by James Hall; Description of cretaceous and tertiary fossi…
GMN 10514 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12707
1859 HOOKER, Sir Joseph Dalton (1817 – 1911)
On the flora of Australia, its origin, affinities, and distribution; being an introductory essay to the Flora of Tasmania. Offprint from The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H. M. Discovery Ships ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror’, Vol. III (Flora Tasmaniae), part I (June, 1859).
The first important botanical work by a supporter of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. Hooker, a botanist and plant geographer, had been a close friend of Darwin for many years, and was aware of Darwi…
GMN 7446 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9618
1859 –1933 THISTELTON-DYER, Sir William Turner (1843 – 1928); HARVEY, William Henry (1811 – 1866); SONDER, Otto Wilhelm (1812 – 1881); HILL, Sir Arthur William (1875 – 1941)
Flora capensis: Being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal. 7 vols. in 11.
This work was published over 73 years. Vols. 1-3 were by Harvey and Sonder. The remaining volumes were by "Various Botanists" edited by Thiselton-Dyer, except for Vol. 5, Section 2 (Supplement) edited by Arthur Willia…
GMN 11961 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14168
1860 WARING, Edward John (1819 – 1891)
Remarks on the uses of some bazaar medicines, and on a few of the common indigenous plants of India, according to European practice.
At the time of publication of this work, which contained texts in both Sanskrit and English, Waring was "Physician to His Highness The Maha Rajah of Travancore." Digital facsimile of the 1860 edition from the Biodiver…
GMN 8818 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10996
1860 POMPA, Gerónimo
Colección de medicamentos indigenas y sus aplicaciones, estraidos de los reinos vegetal, mineral y animal, recogidos y anotados por [...], segunda edición corregida y aumentada.
Digital facsimile of the 5th edition (1875) from the National Library of Medicine, Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 8971 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11150
1861 DARWIN, Charles Robert (1809 – 1882)
On the various contrivances by which British and foreign orchids are fertilised by insects, and on the good effects of intercrossing.
Darwin's first work on plant fertilization and the first volume of evidence that he published to support the theories advanced in On the origin of species (1859). This was also the only book by Darwin that was issued …
GMN 8914 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11092
1861 BENTHAM, George (1800 – 1884)
Flora hongkonensis: A description of the flowering plants and ferns of the island of Hongkong.
The first comprehensive work on any part of the flora of China and Hong Kong. It included the first published description of Hong Kong Croton, or Croton hancei.
GMN 9171 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11350
1862 PHILES, Manuel (1275 – 1345)
Poetae bucolici et didactici: Theocritus, Bion, Moschus....Phile De animalibus, elephanti, plantis....
Manuel Philes of Ephesus wrote didactic poems on the characteristics of animals, chiefly based upon Aelian and Oppian, and a didactic poem of some 2000 lines, dedicated to Michael IX Palaiologos; on the elephant, and …
GMN 7792 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9964
1862 –1883 HOOKER, Sir Joseph Dalton (1817 – 1911); BENTHAM, George (1800 – 1884)
Genera plantarum: Ad exemplaria imprimis in Herberiis Kewensibus servata definita; auctoribus G. Bentham et J.D. Hooker. 3 vols. in 9 parts.
First publication of the Bentham & Hooker taxonomic system for seed plants published before there were internationally accepted rules for botanical nomenclature. Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Archiv…
GMN 9173 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11352
1863 PORCHER, Francis Peyre (1825 – 1895)
Resources of the southern fields and forests, medical, economical, and agricultural: Being also a medical botany of the Confederate States; with practical information on the useful properties of the trees, plants and shrubs.
The first extensive treatise on the botany of the Southern States of the US and the only Confederate manual of materia medica. This is also a manual of “survival information”, teaching how live off the land and how to…
GMN 1865.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2429
1863 –1878 BENTHAM, George (1800 – 1884); MUELLER, Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von (1825 – 1896)
Flora Australiensis: A description of the plants of the Australian territory by George Bentham, assisted by Ferdinand Mueller. 7 vols.
The first comprehensive flora of any large continental area. It included descriptions of 8125 species. "Bentham prepared the flora from Kew; with Mueller, the first plant taxonomist residing permanently in Australia, …
GMN 9172 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11351
1865 DARWIN, Charles Robert (1809 – 1882)
On the movements and habits of climbing plants.
Darwin's report on his discoveries concerning the adaptive value of climbing for certain plants, including the development of circumnutation. Darwin waited ten years to publish the first edition in book form (1875) wi…
GMN 8910 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11088
