1988 DAVIS, Wade (1953 – )
Passage of darkness: The Ethnobiology of the Haitian zombie.
GMN 8791 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10969
1989 LEAF, Alexander (1920 – 2012)
Potential health effects of global climatic and environmental changes.
GMN 11475 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13674
1989 ROMMENS, Johanna M.; IANNUZZI, Michael C.; RIORDAN, John Richard (1943 – ); COLLINS, Francis Sellers (1950 – ); TSUI, Lap-Chee (1950 – ); ET AL
Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: Chromosome walking and jumping.
Utilizing the chromosome "walking and and jumping" technique developed by Collins, the authors showed how they cloned the cystic fibrosis locus on the basis of its chromosomal location without the benefit of genomic r…
GMN 13568 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15846
1989 ROMMENS, Johanna M.; RIORDAN, John Richard (1943 – ); COLLINS, Francis Sellers (1950 – ); TSUI, Lap-Chee (1950 – ); ET AL
Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: Cloning and characterization of complimentary DNA.
The authors first published a ‘map’ of the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene and on p. 1071, they published an illustration/schematic model of the predicted CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator). They fir…
GMN 13569 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15847
1989 ROMMENS, Johanna M.; TSUI, Lap-Chee (1950 – ); KEREM, Batsheva (1955 – ); ET AL
Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: Genetic analysis.
The authors demonstrated that about 70% of the crucial mutation in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients corresponds to the specific deletion of 3 base pairs, which results in the loss of a phenylalanine residue at A.A. posit…
GMN 13570 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15848
1990 WOESE, Carl Richard (1928 – 2012); KANDLER, Otto (1920 – 2017); WHEELIS, Mark L.
Towards a natural system of organisms: Proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.
(Order of authorship in the original publication: Woese, Kandler, Wheelis.) Introduction of the three-domain biological classification system that divides cellular life into three forms or domains: Archaea, Bacteria, …
GMN 12301 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14523
1990 KORNBERG, Roger David (1947 – ); KELLEHER, Raymond J.; FLANAGAN, Peter M.
A novel mediator between activator proteins and the RNA polymerase II transcription apparatus.
Kornberg discovered that transmission of gene regulatory signals to the RNA polymerase machinery is accomplished by an additional protein complex dubbed the Mediator. As noted by the Nobel Prize committee, "the great …
GMN 13949 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16248
1990 LIMA-DE-FARIA, José (1925 – 2018)
Historical atlas of crystallography.
GMN 14237 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16556
1991 VENTER, John Craig (1946 – ); ADAMS, Mark D.; ET AL
Complementary DNA sequencing: "expressed sequence tags" and the human genome project.
Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) for DNA sequencing. By Adams, M.D., Kelley, J.M., Gocayne, J.D., Dubnick, M., Polymeropoulos, M.H., Xiao, H., Merril, C.R., Wu, A., Olde, B., Moreno, R., Kerlavage, A.R., McCombie, W.R.,…
GMN 6886 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9050
1991 DINSMORE, Charles E.
A history of regeneration research: Milestones in the evolution of a science. Edited by Charles E. Dinsmore.
GMN 9356 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11538
1991 VALLISNERI, Antonio [VALLISNIERI] (1661 – 1730)
Edizione nazionale delle opere di Antonio Vallisneri.
This is an ongoing project with many volumes and many editors and several publishers. The number of volumes already published, and planned volumes was unclear in May 2017 when I wrote this entry. Further information i…
GMN 9362 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11545
1991 HORVITZ, Howard Robert (1947 – ); ELLIS, Ronald E.; YUAN, Junying (1959 – )
Mechanisms and functions of cell death.
Horvitz and colleagues identified several key components in the molecular pathway of programmed cell death, including: EGL-1, a protein which activates apoptosis by inhibiting CED-9.
GMN 9940 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12128
1991 HILDEBRAND, Alan Russell (1955 – ); PENFIELD, Glen T.; KRING, David A. (1961 – ); CAMARGO-ZANOGUERA, Antonio; ET AL
Chicxulub Crater: A possible Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary impact crater on the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico.
Eleven years after publication of No. 14207, Alan Hildebrand, working with Luis and Walter Alvarez, proposed that the Chicxulub Crater, discovered by Antonio-Camargo-Zanoguera and Glen T. Penfield during the 1970s, wa…
GMN 14208 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16524
1992 BOWLER, Peter J. (1944 – )
The Norton history of the environmental sciences.
GMN 8054 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10230
1992 BERLIN, Brent (1936 – )
Ethnobiological classification: Principles of categorization of plants and animals in traditional societies.
GMN 9300 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11482
1992 KEVLES, Daniel J. (1939 – ); HOOD, Leroy Edward (1938 – )
The code of codes: Scientific and social issues in the human genome project. Edited by Daniel J. Kevles and Leroy Hood.
Chapter 1. "Out of eugenics: The historical politics of the human genome" by D. J. Kevles. Chapter 2. "A history of the science and technology behind gene mapping and sequencing" by Horace Freeland Judson. Chapter 7. …
GMN 10400 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12593
1992 NOLLER, Harry F. (1939 – ); ZIMNIAK, Ludwika; ET AL
Unusual resistance to peptidyl transferase to protein extraction procedures.
Noller demonstrated that the ribosome is a ribozyme, a critical step in understanding how ribosomes translate the genetic information in DNA into the language of proteins.
GMN 14009 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16315
1993 BUD, Robert
The uses of life: A history of biotechnology.
GMN 8618 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10795
1993 ELLEN, Roy Frank (1947 – )
The cultural relations of classification: An analysis of Nuaulu animal categories from central Seram.
The Nuaulu or Naulu are a tribe located in Seram, Maluku, Indonesia.
GMN 9301 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11483
1993 KAY, Lily E. (1947 – 2000)
The molecular vision of life: Caltech, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the rise of the new biology.
GMN 12429 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14660
1993 AMBROS, Victor R. (1953 – ); LEE, Rosalind C.; FEINBAUM, Rhonda L.
The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14.
Ambros and colleagues discovered the first known microRNA (miRNA), a small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecule (containing about 22 nucleotides) found in plants, animals and some viruses, that functions in RNA sil…
GMN 14010 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16316
1993 RUVKUN, Gary Bruce (1952 – ); WIGHTMAN, Bruce; HA, I
Posttranscriptional regulation of the heterochronic gene lin-14 by lin-4 mediates temporal pattern formation in C. elegans.
The authors cloned and generated the sequence of the lin-14 gene. They discovered that a segment in lin-14 mRNA (messenger RNA), was necessary for its inhibition by lin-4. Ruvkun and Ambros (No. 14010) then compared r…
GMN 14301 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16626
1994 WORSTER, Donald (1941 – )
Nature's economy. A history of ecological ideas. Second edition.
GMN 7068 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9235
1994 MORANGE, Michel (1950 – )
Histoire de la biologie moléculaire.
Translated into English by Matthew Cobb as A history of molecular biology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.
GMN 11070 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13266
1994 CHALFIE, Martin Lee (1947 – ); TU, Yuan; EUSKIRCHEN, Ghia; PRASHER, Douglas C. (1951 – ); WARD, William W.
Green fluorescent protein as a marker for gene expression.
Chalfie and colleagues showed that the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria, could be used as a visible marker for protein localization and expression in vivo, in bacteria and worm cell…
GMN 13564 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15842
1994 SKOLNICK, Mark Henry (1946 – ); MIKI, Yoshio; SHATTUCK-EIDENS, Donna; ET AL
A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1.
Discovery of the BRCA1 gene using the technique of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
GMN 14015 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16322
1994 STRATTON, Sir Michael Rudolf (1957 – ); WOOSTER, Richard; NEUHAUSEN, Susan L.; MANGION, Jonathan; ET AL
Location of a breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRACA2, to chromosome 13q12-13.
Stratton and colleagues discovered the BRCA2 gene. Oder of authorship in the original publication: Wooster, Neuhausen, Mangion....Stratton. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
GMN 14016 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16323
1994 OHSUMI, Yoshinori (1945 – ); BABA, Misuzu; TAKESHIGE, K.; BABA, N.
Ultrastructural analysis of the autophagic process in yeast: detection of autophagosomes and their characterization.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Baba, M., Takeshige, Baba, N., Ohsumi. In 2016 Oshuni received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy."
GMN 14261 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16582
1994 WALKER, Sir John Ernest (1941 – ); ABRAHAMS, Jan Pieter; LESLIE, Andrew Grieg William; LUTTER, René
Structure at 2.8 Â resolution of F1-ATPase from bovine heart mitochondria.
Walker used X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of ATP synthase (ATPase or adenosine triphosphatase). In 1997 Walker shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Paul Boyer and Jens C. Skou “for their elucida…
GMN 14314 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16639
1995 GROVE, Richard Hugh (1955 – )
Green imperialism: Colonial expansion, tropical island edens and the origins of environmentalism 1600–1860.
"... the first book to document the origins and early history of environmentalism, concentrating especially on its hitherto unexplained colonial and global aspects. It highlights the significance of Utopian, Physiocra…
GMN 9881 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12069
1995 VENTER, John Craig (1946 – ); SMITH, Hamilton Othanel (1931 – ); FLEISCHMANN, Robert D.; ADAMS, Mark D.; WHITE, Owen; ET AL
Whole-genome random sequencing and assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd.
First sequence of the complete genome of a free-living non-viral organism—Haemophilus influenzae—the bacterium that causes lower respiratory tract infections and meningitis in infants and young children. This genome c…
GMN 11343 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13541
1995 NYHART, Lynn K.
Biology takes form: Animal morphology and the German universities 1800-1900.
GMN 11900 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14105
1995 KLEINZELLER, Arnost (1914 – 1997)
Exploring the cell membrane: Conceptual developments. Edited by A. Kleinzeller. (Comprehensive biochemistry, Neuberger & van Deenen, eds., vol. 39).
GMN 12430 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14661
1996 GALL, Joseph Grafton (1928 – )
Views of the cell. A pictorial history.
Sixty images (reproduced in color where appropriate) with detailed commentary and bibliographical references, arranged in chronological order, from the first images viewed through the microscope to electron micrographs.
GMN 6985 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9151
1996 SULLOWAY, Frank Jones (1947 – )
Born to rebel: Birth order, family dynamics, and creative lives.
GMN 7520 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9692
1996 BERLIN, Brent (1936 – ); BERLIN, Elois Ann
Medical ethnobiology of the highland Maya of Chiapas, Mexico.
GMN 9299 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11481
1996 QUAMMEN, David (1948 – )
The song of the Dodo: Island biogeography in an age of extinctions.
GMN 10435 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12628
1996 BOWLER, Peter J. (1944 – )
Life's splendid drama: Evolutionary biology and the reconstruction of life's ancestry, 1860-1940.
GMN 10646 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12839
1996 RABINOW, Paul (1944 – )
Making PCR: A story of biotechnology.
GMN 11110 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13306
1996 HODGKIN, Dorothy Crowfoot (1910 – 1994)
Collected works of Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin. Vol. I: Insulin. Vol. 2: Cholestrol, penicillin and other antibiotics. Vol. 3: General crystallography and essays. Edited by G. G. Dodson, J. P. Glusker, S. Ramaseshan and K. Venkatesan.
GMN 12640 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14881
1996 PRUSINER, Stanley Benjamin (1942 – ); TELLING, Glenn C.; PARCHI, Piero (1951 – ); DE ARMOND, Stephen J.; ET AL
Evidence for the conformation of the pathologic isoform of the prion protein enciphering and propagating prion diversity.
The authors showed that the " 'normal prion protein' in the brains of living mice can be converted into different forms depending on the type of abnormal human prion that initiated the conversion. The result is differ…
GMN 12835 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15081
1996 TSIEN, Roger Yonchien (1952 – 2016); ORMÖ, Mats F.; CUBITT, Andrew; KALLIO, Karen; REMINGTON, S. James; ET AL
Crystal structure of Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein.
Tsien and colleagues published the crystal structure of the 238 A.A. long green fluorescent protein (GFP). With this data, the authors could determine what had to be modified within the protein in such a way that the …
GMN 13565 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15843
1996 MÜLLER-HILL, Benno (1933 – 2018)
The lac Operon: A short history of a genetic paradigm.
GMN 14046 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16354
1996 WILKINS, Marc R.; PASQUALI, Christian; HOCHSTRASSER, Denis F.; ET AL
"From proteins to proteomes: Large scale protein identification by two-dimensional electrophoresis and amino acid analysis.
Foundation of Proteomics. Order of authorship in the original publication: Wilkins, Pasquali, ...Hochstrasser. "Abstract: Separation and identification of proteins by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis can be used …
GMN 14129 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16440
1997 WILMUT, Sir Ian (1944 – ); CAMPBELL, Keith Henry Stockman (1954 – 2012)
Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells.
Cloning of the lamb Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. Her birth established that the nuclei of at least some adult cells can be used to produce sheep or other animals that are genetically identi…
GMN 7457 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9629
1997 ROBINSON, Joseph D.
Moving questions: A history of membrane transport and bioenergetics.
"This book describes half a century of progress in two mainstream areas of biological research: membrane transport, initially a focus of physiologists, and oxidative phosphorylation, initially a focus of biochemists. …
GMN 8749 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10927
1997 PERUTZ, Max Ferdinand (1914 – 2002)
Science is not a quiet life: Unravelling the atomic mechanism of haemoglobin.
Reprints landmark papers with commentary by Perutz.
GMN 11069 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13265
1997 BLATTNER, Frederick R.; PLUNKETT, Guy III; BLOCH, Craig B.; ET AL
The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Blattner, Plunkett, Bloch.... Complete genome sequence of E. coli, the first complete genome sequence of an organism. Following p. 1462 there are two large, unpaginated…
GMN 11408 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13607
1997 WILKINS, Marc R.; HOCHSTRASSER, Denis F.; WILLIAMS, Keith L.; APPEL, Ron David (1959 – )
Proteome research: New frontiers in functional genomics.
Order of editorship in the original publication: Wilkins, Williams, Appel, Hochstrasser. "Recent advances in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, protein microanalytsis and bioinformatics have made the large-scale, sy…
GMN 14131 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16442
1998 C. ELEGANS SEQUENCING CONSORTIUM
Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: A platform for investigating biology.
Completion of the first genome of a multi-cellular organism—C. elegans. "C. elegans is a free-living nematode which is widely used as a model organism. The C. elegans genome has been fully sequenced and is therefore a…
GMN 6888 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9052
