1867 WALES, Philip Skinner (1837 – 1906)

Mechanical therapeutics. A practical treatise on surgical apparatus, appliances, and elementary operations; embracing bandaging, minor surgery, orthopraxy, and the treatment of fractures and dislocations.

Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

GMN 10718 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12912

1869 BIGELOW, Henry Jacob (1818 – 1890)

The mechanism of dislocation and fracture of the hip. With the reduction of the dislocations by the flexion method.

Bigelow was the first to describe in detail the mechanism of the iliofemoral (Bigelow’s) ligament, and to show its importance in the reduction of dislocation by the flexion method.

GMN 4424 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6232

1870 STOKES, Sir William (1839 – 1900)

On supra-condyloid amputation of the thigh.

Gritti–Stokes amputation (see also No. 4466).

GMN 4470 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/71

1870 KOCHER, Emil Theodor (1841 – 1917)

Eine neue Reductionsmethode für Schulterverrenkung.

Kocher was Professor of Surgery at Berne, and among the greatest surgeons of his day. He is remembered, among other things, for his method of reduction of subluxation of the shoulder-joint.

GMN 4425 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6236

1870 BERENGER-FÉRAUD, Laurent Jean Baptiste (1832 – 1900)

Traité de l’immobilisation directe des fragments osseux dans les fractures.

First book devoted to the treatment of fractures by internal fixation.

GMN 4425.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6242

1871 HOOD, Wharton Peter (1833 – 1916)

On bone-setting (so-called), and its relation to the treatment of joints crippled by injury, rheumatism, inflammation, etc.

The first work on manipulation written by a physician. Digital facsimile from the Medical Heritage Library, Internet Archive, at this link.

GMN 4339.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5684

1872 DUPLAY, Simon (1836 – 1924)

De la périarthrite scapulo-humérale et des raideurs de l’épaule qui en sont la conséquence.

“Frozen shoulder” syndrome described.

GMN 4339.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5689

1875 THOMAS, Hugh Owen (1834 – 1891)

Diseases of the hip, knee and ankle joints, with their deformities, treated by a new and efficient method.

Thomas splint. Enlarged second edition, 1876. See No. 4348.

GMN 4340 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5693

1876 SAYRE, Lewis Albert (1820 – 1900)

Lectures on orthopaedic surgery and diseases of the joints.

See Nos. 4344 & 4344.1.

GMN 4342.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5702

1876 SAYRE, Lewis Albert (1820 – 1900)

Report on Pott’s disease, or caries of the spine; treated by extension, and the plaster of Paris bandage.

Sayre was the first to use plaster of Paris as a support for the spinal column in scoliosis and Pott’s disease. His name is eponymically linked with Sayre’s jacket, a plaster of Paris jacket applied while the patient …

GMN 4344 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5714

1877 SAYRE, Lewis Albert (1820 – 1900)

Spinal disease and spinal curvature, their treatment by suspension and the use of the plaster of Paris bandage.

Sayre’s monograph on his methods of treating tuberculosis of the spine and scoliosis is the first American surgical textbook to contain actual mounted photographs, some of which are remarkable for their artistic quali…

GMN 4344.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5717

1877 –1878 HIPPOCRATES, [Ἱπποκράτης; Hippocrates of Kos] (-460 – -370); PÉTREQUIN, Joseph Pierre Eléonord (1809 – 1876)

Chirurgie d’Hippocrate. 2 vols

A Greek-French edition with extensive notes and commentaries by J. E. Pétrequin, surgeon-in-chief of the Hôtel-Dieu of Lyon. Operations attributed to Hippocrates included trephination and paracentesis; his most import…

GMN 4850.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6814

1881 MACEWEN, Sir William (1848 – 1924)

Observations concerning transplantation of bone. Illustrated by a case of inter-human osseous transplantation, whereby over two-thirds of the shaft of a humerus was restored.

First allograft transplantation of bone in humans.

GMN 4346.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5729

1882 ALBERT, Eduard (1841 – 1900)

Einige Fälle von kunstlicher Ankylosenbildung an paralytischen Gliedmassen.

Albert introduced the concept of joint arthrodesis into orthopedic surgery. This is the first description of arthrodesis of an ankle for paralytic foot. English translation in Bick, Classics of orthopaedics, 52-54.

GMN 4347 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5733

1882 BENNETT, Edward Hallaran (1837 – 1907)

Fractures of the metacarpal bones.

“Bennett’s fracture” of the first metacarpal. He was Professor of Surgery at Trinity College, Dublin.

GMN 4426 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6244

1882 BLUM, Albert (1844 – )

Chirurgie de la main.

The first manual on hand surgery. Digital facsimile from wellcomecollection.org at this link.

GMN 14320 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16645

1883 BERGER, Paul (1845 – 1908)

Amputation du membre supérieur dans la contiguïté du tronc (désarticulation de l’omoplate).

“Berger’s operation”, interscapulothoracic amputation. See also his monograph, Paris, Masson, 1887.

GMN 4471 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/72

1885 ANNANDALE, Thomas (1839 – 1908)

An operation for displaced semilunar cartilage.

The first deliberate and planned operation for the relief of internal derangement of the knee-joint caused by a displaced cartilage, i.e. repair of the meniscus. Annandale succeeded Lister as Professor of Clinical Sur…

GMN 4426.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6248

1890 BRADFORD, Edward Hickling (1848 – 1926); LOVETT, Robert Williamson (1859 – 1924)

Treatise on orthopedic surgery.

Includes a description of the “Bradford frame”, used in the treatment of spinal disorders.

GMN 4353 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5763

1890 HOFFA, Albert (1859 – 1908)

Zur operativen Behandlung der angeborenen Hüftgelenksverrenkungen.

Hoffa’s method of operative treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip-joint.

GMN 4355 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5771

1890 GLUCK, Themistocles (1853 – 1942)

Referat über die durch das moderne chirurgische Experiment gewonnen positive Resultate, betreffend die Naht und den Ersatz von Defecten.

The first total joint replacements: Gluck replaced the tuberculous knee joint of a 17 year old woman with a hinged ivory prosthesis on May 20, 1890, followed by a total wrist replacement in another patient three weeks…

GMN 7212 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9379

1891 HOFFA, Albert (1859 – 1908)

Lehrbuch der orthopädischen Chirurgie .

Hoffa, a leading German orthopedist, made important contributions to the subject and founded the Zeitschrift für orthopädische Chirurgie.

GMN 4356 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5775

1891 SPRENGEL, Otto Gerhard Karl (1852 – 1915)

Die angeborene Verschiebung des Schulterblattes nach oben.

Classic description of “Sprengel’s deformity”, a congenital upward displacement of the scapula.

GMN 4359 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5797

1891 HADRA, Berthold Ernest (1842 – 1903)

Wiring of the vertebrae as a means of immobilization in fracture and Pott’s disease.

“In a case of fracture-dislocation of the cervical spine (C 6-7) he [Hadra] performed open reduction, twisting metal wires around the spinous processes to stabilize the injured sector” (Bick). This is the first report…

GMN 4359.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5800

1891 HADRA, Berthold Ernest (1842 – 1903)

Wiring the spinal processes in Pott’s disease.

First spinal fusion.

GMN 4359.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5802

1892 PARRISH, B. F.

A new operation for paralytic talipes valgus, and the enunciation of a new surgical principle.

First successful tendon transplantation.

GMN 4363 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5812

1893 ALBERT, Eduard (1841 – 1900)

Achillodynie.

Tendo Achilles bursitis, “Albert’s disease”.

GMN 4364 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5818

1894 JABOULAY, Mathieu (1860 – 1913)

La désarticulation interilio-abdominale.

Interilio-abdominal amputation first described.

GMN 4472 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/73

1894 PÉAN, Jules-Émile (1830 – 1898)

Des moyens prothétiques destinés à obtenir la réparation des parties osseuses.

Total prosthetic replacement of shoulder (p. 291) using an artificial joint made of hardened rubber and platinum. English translation in Bick, Classics of orthopaedics, 443-46.

GMN 4364.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5821

1894 LANE, Sir William Arbuthnot (1856 – 1943)

A method of treating simple oblique fractures of the tibia and fibula more efficient than those in common use.

Lane’s method of “osteo-synthesis” in the treatment of fractures – the perfect re-apposition of the affected parts by means of operative intervention.

GMN 4429 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6262

1895 GIRARD, Charles (1850 – 1916)

Désarticulation de l’os iliaque pour sarcome.

First successful hind-quarter amputation.

GMN 4473 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/74

1895 LORENZ, Adolf (1854 – 1946)

The operative treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip-joint.

Lorenz suggested a bloodless method for closed reduction of congenital dislocation of the hip-joint – the “Hoffa–Lorenz” method.

GMN 4365 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5828

1895 TRENDELENBURG, Friedrich (1844 – 1924)

Ueber den Gang bei angeborener Hüftgelenksluxation.

“Trendelenburg’s sign” of congenital dislocation of the hip-joint.

GMN 4428 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6259

1896 TUBBY, Alfred Herbert (1862 – 1930)

Deformities: A treatise on orthopaedic surgery.

Includes a valuable discussion of congenital anomalies of the bones and joints from the orthopedic point of view. Greatly expanded second edition, 2 vols., London, 1912.

GMN 4366 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5833

1898 VANGHETTI, Giuliano (1861 – 1940)

Amputazione, disarticulazione et protesi.

Vanghetti was the first to suggest the use of the musculature remaining above the amputation stump to form a motor unit for artificial limbs – “kinematization of stumps”.

GMN 4474 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/314

1898 POLAND, John (1855 – 1937)

Traumatic separation of the epiphyses.

Definitive and exhaustive study of growth plate fractures in children. Poland also published the series of x rays included in the above work as a separate atlas: Skiagraphic atlas showing the development of the bones …

GMN 4429.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6265

1898 PARKHILL, Clayton (1860 – 1902)

Further observations regarding the use of the bone-clamp in ununited fractures, fractures with malunion, and recent fractures with a tendency to displacement.

Parkhill introduced external fixation for the treatment of fractures.

GMN 4429.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6268

1898 KIRMISSON, Édouard François (1848 – 1927)

Traité des maladies chirurgicales d'origine congénitale.

The first book entirely devoted to the surgical treatment of congenital abnormalities. The work also contains pp. 593-698 an exposition of Kirmisson's staged reduction of congenital dislocations of the hip, and discus…

GMN 10269 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12460

1903 MOSETIG-MOORHOF, Albert von (1838 – 1907)

Die Jodoformknochenplombe.

Use of iodoform to plug bone defects.

GMN 4371 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5854

1905 CODIVILLA, Alessandro (1861 – 1912)

On the means of lengthening in the lower limbs, the muscles and tissues which are shortened through deformity.

First attempt at surgical lengthening of limbs.

GMN 4375.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5875

1905 REISNER, George Andrew (1867 – 1942)

The Hearst Medical Papyrus: Hieratic text in 17 facsimile plates in collotype with introduction and vocabulary by George A. Reisner. University of California Publications. Egyptian Archaeology, Volume 1.

The papyrus has been dated to the 18th Dynasty of Egypt, around the time of pharaoh Tuthmosis III. The text is believed to have been composed earlier, during the Middle Kingdom, around 2000 BCE. The papyrus is so unus…

GMN 8390 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10567

1905 KANAVEL, Allen Buchner (1874 – 1938)

An anatomical, experimental, and clinical study of acute phlegmons of the hand.

"Kanavel produced the classic paper on infection in Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics in 1905. In that paper, he described the anatomy and clinical study of acute infections of the hand. This clearly changed the cour…

GMN 14147 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16462

1906 CECI, Antonio (1852 – 1920)

Tecnica generale della amputazioni mucosi. Amputazioni plastico-ortopediche con metodo proprio secundo la proposta del Vanghetti. Dimonstrazioni pratiche.

Ceci was the first to operate on the lines suggested by Vanghetti.

GMN 4475 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/75

1906 BÜDINGER, Konrad (1867 – 1944)

Ueber Ablösung von Gelenkteilen und verwandte Prozesse.

Büdinger was the first to describe pathological fracture of the cartilage of the patella. See also his later paper in the same journal, 1908, 92, 510-36. Later descriptions by Karl Ludloff, Verh. dtsch. Ges. Chir., 19…

GMN 4376 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5877

1907 LANE, Sir William Arbuthnot (1856 – 1943)

Clinical remarks on the operative treatment of fractures.

Lane’s plates and screws for union of fractures.

GMN 4430 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6271

1907 STEINMANN, Fritz (1872 – 1932)

Eine neue Extensionsmethode in der Frakturenbehandlung.

Steinmann nail or pin, for insertion through a distal fragment and controlled by direct skeletal traction. English translation in Bick, Classics of orthopaedics.

GMN 4431 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6275

1907 LAMBOTTE, Albin (1866 – 1956)

L’intervention opératoire dans les fractures.

Lambotte developed an external fracture fixation device using pins on either side of the fracture, connected by a solid rod.

GMN 4431.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6276

1908 KÖHLER, Alban (1874 – 1947)

Ueber eine häufige, bisher anscheinend unbekannte Erkrankung einzelner kindlicher Knochen.

“Köhler’s disease” of the scaphoid bone of the foot in children. See No. 4387.

GMN 4377 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5882

1908 LEXER, Erich (1867 – 1937)

Ueber Gelenktransplantation.

First osteoarticular joint transplant. English translation in Clin. orthop., 1985, 197, 1-10. See also his paper, "Substitution of whole or half joints from freshly amputated extremities by free plastic operation," Su…

GMN 4377.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5884

1909 KIRSCHNER, Martin (1879 – 1942)

Ueber Nagelextension.

Kirschner wire, for skeletal traction, and for stabilization of bone fragments or joint immobilization.

GMN 4378 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5887