1910 SPAULDING, James Alfred (1846 – 1938)
Lowell vs. Faxon and Hawkes: A celebrated malpractice suit in Maine.
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 11729 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13930
1911 GOLDTHWAIT, Joel Ernest (1866 – 1961)
The lumbo-sacral articulation. An explanation of many cases of “lumbago”, “sciatica” and paraplegia.
Goldthwait suggested that lumbago and sciatica might be due to intervertebral disc injury.
GMN 4383 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5898
1911 HIBBS, Russell Aubra (1869 – 1932)
An operation for progressive spinal deformities.
Spinal fusion first used for the treatment of scoliosis.
GMN 4383.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5902
1911 TEACHER, John Hammond (1869 – 1930); MIDDLETON, George Stevenson (1854 – 1928)
Injury of the spinal cord due to rupture of an intervertebral disc during muscular effort.
Report of a case of “sciatica” due to rupture of an intervertebral disc.
GMN 4384 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5908
1911 ALBEE, Fred Houdlett (1876 – 1945)
Transplantation of a portion of the tibia into the spine for Pott’s disease. A preliminary report.
The beginning of bone graft surgery as a planned, carefully designed procedure. Albee was the first to employ living bone grafts as internal splints. See No. 5757.
GMN 4384.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5912
1912 KANAVEL, Allen Buchner (1874 – 1938)
Infections of the hand: A guide to the surgical treatment of acute and chronic suppurative processes in the fingers, hand, and forearm.
The first comprehensive treatise on hand surgery, and the classic work on tendon and bursal hand spaces relevant to management of hand infections. Kanavel developed the method of forcible injection of radio-opaque mat…
GMN 4386.01 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5922
1912 DARRACH, William (1876 – 1948)
Anterior dislocation of the head of the ulna.
Darrach procedure for problems of the distal ulna.
GMN 4386.02 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5924
1915 ALBEE, Fred Houdlett (1876 – 1945)
Bone-graft surgery.
Albee was the first to employ living bone grafts as internal splints. He used cutting machines and saws to make inlaid, perfectly-fitting grafts. See especially his “Transplantation of a portion of the tibia into the …
GMN 5757 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6678
1916 MAYER, Leo (1884 – 1972)
The physiological method of tendon transplanation.
Mayer’s method of tendon transfer, using tendon sheaths to preserve the gliding surfaces.
GMN 4386.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5936
1917 KRUKENBERG, Hermann (1863 – 1935)
Eine neue osteoplastische Amputationsmethode des Oberschenkels.
GMN 4476 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/315
1918 PUTTI, Vittorio (1880 – 1940)
The utilization of the muscles of a stump to actuate artificial limbs: cinematic amputations.
Putti developed and improved kineplastic surgery.
GMN 4477 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/76
1921 BIRCHER, Eugen (1882 – 1956)
Die Arthroendoskopie.
First published account of the use of the laparoscope for arthroscopy.
GMN 4388.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5956
1923 JONES, Sir Robert (1858 – 1933); LOVETT, Robert Williamson (1859 – 1924)
Orthopaedic surgery.
Jones was a pupil of Hugh Owen Thomas and a pioneer of active surgical intervention in orthopedics. He advocated tendon transplantation, bone grafting, and other reconstructive and restorative procedures. He did much …
GMN 4391 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5966
1923 BANKART, Arthur Sydney Blundell (1879 – 1951)
Recurrent or habitual dislocation of the shoulder-joint.
Blundell Bankart’s operation.
GMN 4432 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6278
1924 WHITMAN, Royal (1857 – 1946)
The reconstruction operation for arthritis deformans of the hip-joint.
The first sustained attempt to relieve osteoarthrosis of the hip by surgical means other than fusion.
GMN 4392.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5972
1927 HIPPOCRATES, [Ἱπποκράτης; Hippocrates of Kos] (-460 – -370); WITHINGTON, Edward Theodore (1860 – 1947)
Fractures, joints, instruments of reduction. In [Works] with an English translation by E.T. Withington, 3, 83-449.
GMN 4406 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6162
1927 SORANUS OF EPHESUS (ΣΩΡΑΝΌΣ) (100 – 150); ILBERG, Johannes (1860 – 1930)
Sorani Gynaeciorum libri 4. De signis fracturarum. De fasciis. Vita Hippocratis secundum Soranum. Ed. Johannes Ilberg. Corpus medicorum Graecorum, 4.
Standard Greek edition of the works of Soranus. Digital facsimile from the Corpus Medicorum Graecorum at this link.
GMN 6009 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7182
1927 MORTON, Dudley Joy (1884 – 1960)
Metatarsus atavicus: The identification of a distinct type of foot disorder.
"Morton's toe," the condition of having a first metatarsal which is short in relation to the second metatarsal. It is a type of brachymetatarsia. See also Morton, The human foot: Its evolutionary development, physiolo…
GMN 13996 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16300
1929 BÖHLER, Lorenz (1885 – 1973)
Technik der Knochenbruchbehandlung.
Böhler introduced several new methods and devised new apparatus for the treatment of fractures. His clinic in Vienna became world-famous. 12-13th ed., 1951.
GMN 4433 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6282
1929 ORR, Hiram Winnett (1877 – 1956)
Osteomyelitis and compound fractures and other infected wounds: Treatment by the method of drainage and rest.
Orr developed a treatment for open fractures “consisting of thorough debridement, reduction of the fracture, and usually, maintenance of the reduction by the technique of pins transfixing the fragments and incorporate…
GMN 4433.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6286
1931 BURMAN, Michael S. (1901 – 1975)
Arthroscopy or the direct visualization of joints: An experimental cadaver study.
The first description of arthroscopic appearance of joints other than the knee, and a classic on the fundamental principles of the procedure. Follow-up paper by Burman, H. Finkelstein, & L. Mayer: Arthroscopy of the k…
GMN 4400.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6021
1931 SMITH-PETERSEN, Marius Nygaard (1886 – 1953); ET AL
Intracapsular fractures of the neck of the femur. Treatment by internal fixation.
Smith-Petersen nail, a three-flanged nail which prevented rotation of the femoral head. With E.F. Cave and G. W. Van Gorder.
GMN 4434 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6289
1932 MASON, Michael Livingood (1895 – 1963); SHEARON, Clarence Good (1899 – 1945)
The process of tendon repair: An experimental study of tendon suture and tendon graft.
GMN 14038 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16346
1933 PHEMISTER, Dallas B. (1882 – 1951)
Operative arrestment of longitudinal growth of bones in the treatment of deformities.
Epiphysiodesis to inhibit bone growth of a longer leg.
GMN 4400.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6027
1934 CODMAN, Ernest Amory (1869 – 1940)
The shoulder.
Definitive study of the rotator cuff, written in Codman’s idiosyncratic and iconoclastic style. Reprint, Malabar, Fl., Krieger, 1965.
GMN 4400.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6029
1934 MIXTER, William Jason (1880 – 1958); BARR, Joseph Seaton (1901 – 1963)
Rupture of the intervertebral disc with involvement of the spinal canal.
Demonstration of the causal role of intervertebral disc herniation in sciatica.
GMN 4435 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6294
1935 GORDON-TAYLOR, Sir Gordon (1878 – 1960); WILES, Philip (1899 – 1967)
Interinnomino-abdominal (hind-quarter) amputation.
One-stage operation.
GMN 4478 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/77
1935 PAUWELS, Friedrich (1885 – 1980)
Der Schenkelhalsbruch, Ein mechanische Problem.
Pioneering study of the biomechanics of the hip joint.
GMN 4400.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6031
1935 PUTTI, Vittorio (1880 – 1940)
Anatomia della lussazione congenita dell'anca.
Putti made many contributions to the understanding of congenital dislocation of the hip, a condition which was then endemic in Northern Italy.
GMN 7798 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9970
1938 PALMER, Ivor
On the injuries to the ligaments of the knee joint: A clinical study.
Classic study of knee ligament injuries.
GMN 4478.110 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/323
1938 HOFFMANN, Raoul
“Rotules à os” pour la réduction dirigée, non sanglante, des fractures (“ostéotaxis”).
Hoffmann, a Swiss general surgeon with a doctorate in theology and unusual skill in carpentry, developed the versatile Hoffmann system of external fixation devices.
GMN 4435.01 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6298
1938 TRUETA I RASPALL, Josep (1897 – 1977)
El tratamiento de la fractura de guerra.
During the Spanish Civil War (1935-38) Trueta adopted as standard treatment for gunshot wounds and compound fractures the closed plaster method originated by the American surgeon H. Winnett Orr. Trueta called this the…
GMN 4435.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6303
1939 SMITH-PETERSEN, Marius Nygaard (1886 – 1953)
Arthroplasty of the hip. A new method.
Vitallium cup arthroplasty.
GMN 4403 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6045
1939 KITE, Joseph Hiram (1891 – 1986)
Principles involved in the treatment of congenital clubfoot.
Kite’s method, involving “a series of plaster casts and wedgings, without the use of anesthetics, forcible manipulations, or operative procedures”, became standard practice.
GMN 4403.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6049
1939 STEINDLER, Arthur (1878 – 1959)
Tendon transplanation in the upper extremity.
Correction to this article in Am. J. Surg., 1939, 44, 534.
GMN 4403.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6056
1940 WATSON-JONES, Sir Reginald Watson (1902 – 1972)
Fractures and other bone and joint injuries.
Watson-Jones's textbook became known as "the bible." It was reprinted 15 times during the author's lifetime and translated into Spanish, French, German, Portuguese and Polish. "Throughout its publication, Watson-Jones…
GMN 11654 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13855
1942 INCLAN, Alberto Francis (1916 – )
The use of preserved bone grafts in orthopaedic surgery.
These studies form the basis of the modern use of bone preserved by refrigeration.
GMN 4404.01 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6067
1944 BUNNELL, Sterling (1882 – 1957)
Surgery of the hand.
Bunnell originated hand surgery as a specialty.
GMN 4404.02 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6071
1949 BLOUNT, Walter Putnam (1900 – 1992); CLARKE, George R.
Control of bone growth by epiphyseal stapling: A preliminary report.
“Blount staple”. Unlike previous processes, epiphyseal stapling permitted subsequent correction.
GMN 4404.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6086
1949 RUSH, Leslie Vaughn (1905 – 1987); RUSH, H. Low (1897 – 1965)
Evolution of medullary fixation of fractures by the longitudinal pin.
“Rush pins”, made of specially hardened type 316 stainless steel, for fractures of the long bones.
GMN 4435.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6308
1950 JUDET, Jean (1905 – 1995); JUDET, Robert Louis (1909 – 1980)
The use of an artificial femoral head for arthroplasty of the hip joint.
Judet acrylic prosthesis.
GMN 4405 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6091
1950 CHARNLEY, Sir John (1911 – 1982)
The closed treatment of common fractures.
“A classic exposition of the non-operative approach” (Peltier).
GMN 4435.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6312
1953 YASUDA, Iwao (1909 – 1983)
Fundamental aspects of fracture treatment. [In Japanese]
First electrically-induced osteogenesis. Yasuda demonstrated that small amounts of electric current applied to bone stimulated osteogenesis at the cathode. He was also the first to describe stress generated potentials…
GMN 4435.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6316
1957 WATANABE, Masaki (1911 – 1995)
Atlas of arthroscopy.
The first atlas of arthroscopy, a major step in gaining wide acceptance of this operating technique. The color illustrations were prepared by an artist as available arthroscopes did not permit color photography. Watan…
GMN 4405.01 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6093
1959 BRANNON, Earl W.; KLEIN, Gerold
Experiences with a finger-joint prosthesis.
First prosthetic device for replacement of destroyed finger-joints.
GMN 4405.02 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6097
1961 CHARNLEY, Sir John (1911 – 1982)
Arthroplasty of the hip: a new operation.
Total hip replacement; Charnley arthroplasty.
GMN 4405.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6100
1962 HARRINGTON, Paul Randall (1911 – 1980)
Treatment of scoliosis: Correction and internal fixation by spine instrumentation.
The “Harrington rod” system for scoliosis and spine fracture surgery.
GMN 4405.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6109
1963 HOLDSWORTH, Sir Frank Wild (1904 – 1969)
Fractures, dislocations and fracture-dislocations of the spine.
Holdsworth classification of spinal injuries.
GMN 4435.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6319
1963 SALTER, Robert Bruce (1924 – 2010); HARRIS, W. Robert (1922 – 2005)
Injuries involving the epiphyseal plate.
Standard classification of growth plate fractures in children.
GMN 4435.6 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6323
1963 HUESTON, John (1926 – 1993)
Recurrent Dupuytren's contracture.
Hueston described Dupuytren's diathesis, including early onset, bilateral involvement, postive family history, and presence of ectopic lesions. He noted that patents presenting Dupuytren's diathesis experience more se…
GMN 14103 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16414
![HIPPOCRATES, [Ἱπποκράτης; Hippocrates of Kos] (-460 – -370)](/media/portraits/50)
