1937 BEAUDETTE, Fred Robert; HUDSON, C. B.
Cultivation of the virus of infectious bronchitis.
The authors were the first to isolate a pathogenic coronavirus in chickens. This was the first pathogenic coronavirus described. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
GMN 12008 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14216
1966 TYRRELL, David Arthur John (1925 – 2005); BYNOE, M. L.
Cultivation of viruses from a high proportion of patients with colds.
"The history of human coronaviruses began in 1965 when Tyrrell and Bynoe found that they could passage a virus named B814. It was found in human embryonic tracheal organ cultures obtained from the respiratory tract of…
GMN 11918 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14123
2003 PEIRIS, Joseph Sriyal Malik (1949 – ); POON, Lit Man Leo; LAI, S. T.; ET AL
Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome.
Dated April 19, 2003, this paper identified and reproduced microscopic images of the novel viral agent. It was the first official journal publication on SARS. Order of authorship in the published paper was Peiris, Lai…
GMN 10860 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13056
2003 KSIAZEK, Thomas F.; ERDMAN, Dean; GOLDSMITH, Cynthia S.; ET AL
A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome.
Ksiazek and over 40 co-authors around the world published the lead article in the May 15, 2003 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine that was nearly entirely devoted to SARS. Order of authorship in the publishe…
GMN 10861 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13057
2003 ROTA, Paul A.; OBERSTE, M. Steven; MONROE, Stephan S.; DERISI, Joseph L.; ET AL
Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome.
Dated May 30, 2003. Rota and team at the CDC determined the sequence of the complete genome of SARS-CoV, and characterized the viral genome. Order of authorship in the published paper was Rota, Oberste, Monroe....DeRi…
GMN 10862 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13058
2003 MARRA, Marco A. (1966 – ); JONES, Steven J. M.; ASTELL, Caroline R.
The genome sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus.
Dated May 30, 2003 and published immediately after No. 10862 in the same issue of Science, this reported the work of Marco Marra and his team in Canada. Order of authorship in the published paper was Marra, Jones, Ast…
GMN 10863 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13059
2003 LI, Wenghui; MOORE, Michael J.; VASILIEVA, Natalya
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus.
The authors showed that the angiontensin-converting enzyme 2, abbreviated ACE2, is the obligative cell receptor for the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
GMN 12009 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14217
2005 LI, Wendong; SHI, Zhengli (1964 – ); YU, Meng; ET AL
Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses.
Dated October 28, 2005, roughly two years after the outbreak of SARS, the natural reservoirs of this class of coronaviruses was discovered. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this entry and its interpretation.)
GMN 10864 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13060
2005 KARIKÓ, Katalin (1955 – ); WEISSMAN, Drew; BUCKSTEIN, Michael; NI, Houping
Suppression of RNA recognition by toll-like receptors: The impact of nucleoside modification and the evolutionary origin of RNA.
Karikó and Weissman discovered the nucleoside modifications that suppress the immungenicity of RNA, leading to their patents for the application of non-immunogenic, nucleoside-modified RNA (modRNA). This technology wa…
GMN 13622 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15902
2012 CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC)
Severe respiratory illness associated with a novel coronavirus - Saudi Arabia and Qatar, 2012.
Reports on the first two patients affected by a "new" coronavirus. The first patient, hospitalized in June 2012, died, and the other was in both pulmonary and renal failure. In this paper the CDC referenced a website …
GMN 10876 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13072
2012 ZAKI, Ali Mohamed; BOHEEMEN, Sander van; BESTEFROER, Theo M.; ET AL
Brief Report: Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia.
This paper, dated November 8, 2012, characterized the virus up to and including its genome sequence, including radiology and imaging findings, lab findings, diagnosis and management. The authors tentatively named the …
GMN 10877 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13073
2013 MEMISH, Ziad A.; MISHRA, Nischay; OLIVAL, Kevin J.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus in bats, Saudi Arabia.
Dated November 2013. The authors collected bat feces from sites in Bisha, Saudi Arabia found less than 1-12 kilometers from the place of employment or home of an index case-patient there, and performed total nucleic a…
GMN 10878 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13074
2014 AZHAR, Esam I.; EL-KAFRAWY, Sherif; FARRAJ, Suma A.; ET AL
Brief report: Evidence for camel-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus.
Dated June 26, 2014. Using viral genomics and PCR, the Saudi authors demonstrated that full genome sequences of a man, and the camel he had contact with, were identical. Available from nejm.org at this link. (Thanks t…
GMN 10879 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13075
2020 HOLSHUE, Michelle L.; DEBOLT, Chas; LINDQUIST, Scott; COHN, Amanda C.; ET AL
First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States.
Published on March 5, 2020. Order of authorship in the original publication: Holshue, DeBolt, Lindquist....Cohn. "Summary "An outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) that began in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly, w…
GMN 12073 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14282
2020 SHI, Zhengli (1964 – ); ZHOU, Peng; YANG, Xing-Lou
A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin.
This article was published in Nature on 3 February 2020. Prior to that a version with a different title and numerous other co-authors was published in bioRxiv on 23 January 2020, as "Discovery of a novel coronavirus a…
GMN 12074 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14283
2020 MURRAY, Christopher J. L.
IHME COVID-19 health service utilization forecasting team. Forecasting COVID-19 impact on hospital bed-days, ICU-days, ventilator days and deaths by US state in the next 4 months.
This paper was published online on March 26, 2020 and updated periodically. When I added it to this database on April 2, 2020 it had been updated on March 31, 2020. At that time the paper was available from healthdata…
GMN 12100 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14309
2020 HOLMES, Edward Charles (1965 – ); WU, Fan; ZHAO, Su; ZHANG, Yong-Zhen (Zhang Yongzhen) (1964 – ); ET AL
A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Wu, Zhao...Holmes, Zang. This was the first paper written in China, and published in a Western language, on the first COVID-19 patient admitted to any Wuhan hospital on…
GMN 12119 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14328
2020 MOFFATT, Christie
Archiving web content on the Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19).
https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2020/03/26/archiving-web-content-on-the-coronavirus-disease-covid-19/ "The National Library of Medicine is archiving web and social media documenting the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbr…
GMN 12156 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14366
2020 DOCUMENTING THE NOW
Documenting COVID-19, [a collaborative document.]
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1v5tso8spFq6SpW53h2OJULcdRoPEbyI6xpah31kW-H0/edit [I copied this document into this database on April 9, 2020.] "Documenting COVID-19 "https://bit.ly/doc-covid19 #doccovid19 This is …
GMN 12157 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14367
2020 APUZZO, Mark (1978 – ); KIRKPATRICK, David D. (1970 – )
Covid-19 changed how the world does science, together. Never before, scientists say, have so many of the world's researchers focused so urgently on a single topic. Nearly all other research has ground to a halt.
April 1, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/01/world/europe/coronavirus-science-research-cooperation.html "Using flag-draped memes and military terminology, the Trump administration and its Chinese counterparts hav…
GMN 12190 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14400
2020 WRAPP, Daniel; WANG, Nianshuang; CORBETT, Kizzmekia Shanta (1986 – ); GRAHAM, Barney S.; ET AL
Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation.
Posted online on February 17, 2020. 2019-nCoV was an interim name for the Novel Coronavirus. These studies, which included the 3D structure of the RBD (receptor binding domain) within the S protein, provided informati…
GMN 13483 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15757
2020 SHIN, Matthew D.; SHUKLA, Sourabh; CHUNG, Young Hun; STEINMETZ, Nicole F.; ET AL
COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential nanomaterial path forward.
Published 15 July 2020. Order of authorship in original publication: Shin, Shukla, Chung....Steinmetz. Probably the first publication on the type of nanotechnology involved in production of the Moderna and Pfizer mRNA…
GMN 13484 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15758
2020 HOLMES, Edward Charles (1965 – ); ZHANG, Yong-Zhen (Zhang Yongzhen) (1964 – )
Novel 2019 coronavirus genome.
https://virological.org/t/novel-2019-coronavirus-genome/319 "Novel 2019 coronavirus genome "10th January 2020 "This posting is communicated by Edward C. Holmes, University of Sydney on behalf of the consortium led by …
GMN 13485 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15759
2020 POLACK, Fernando P.; THOMAS, Stephen J.; KITCHIN, Nicholas; ET AL
Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine.
BNT162b2 is synonomous with the Pfizer BioNTech mRNA Covid-19 vaccine. The Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine was produced from theoretical design to finished product and distribution in less than one year. This was the fir…
GMN 13506 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15781
2020 ROTHE, Camilla (1974 – ); SCHUNK, Mirjam; SOTHMANN, Peter; ET AL
Correspondence. Transmission of 2019 nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany.
Posted online 1-30-20, updated 2-6-20, and published in print on March 5, 2020. First report of the "asymptomatic transmission" of Covid-19. The authors wrote, “The fact that asymptomatic persons are potential sources…
GMN 13519 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15794
2021 SLAVITT, Andrew M.
Preventable: The inside story of how leadership failures, politics, and selfishness doomed the U.S. coronavirus response.
GMN 13401 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15673
2021 BADEN, Lindsey Robert; EL SAHLY, Hana M.; ESSINK, Brandon; ET AL
Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARSCov-2 vaccine.
mRNA-1273 is synonymous with the Moderna mRNA Covid-19 vaccine. The Moderna mRNA vaccine was produced from theoretical design to finished product and distribution in less than one year. This was the first published pa…
GMN 13507 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15782
2021 WEINREICH, David. M.; SIVAPALASINGAM, Sumathi; NORTON, Thomas; ET AL
REGN-COV-2, a neutralizing antibody cocktail, in outpatients with Covid-19.
The authors showed that the Regeneron antibody cocktail has a low incidence of side effects and a profound and rapid effect on viral load, with most reduction occurring within 48 hours, even in patents with the highes…
GMN 13524 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15800
2021 OWEN, Dafydd R.; ALLERTON, Charlotte M. N.; ANDERSON, Annaliesa S.
An oral SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor clinical candidate for the treatment of COVID-19.
The authors showed how a coronavirus specific protease inhibitor designed in the lab, that could be administered by mouth to humans, achieved excellent plasma concentrations and antiviral potency. This drug, marketed …
GMN 14023 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16330
