1998 FLEMING, James Rodger
Historical perspectives on climate change.
GMN 7717 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9889
1998 VENTER, John Craig (1946 – ); SMITH, Hamilton Othanel (1931 – ); FRASER, Claire M. (1955 – ); NORRIS, Steven J.; WEINSTOCK, George M. (1949 – ); ET AL
Complete genome sequence of treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Fraser, Norris, Weinstock....Smith, Venter. Sequence of the genome of the bacterium that causes syphilis. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
GMN 11342 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13540
1998 COLE, S. T.; ET AL
Deciphering the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the complete genome sequence.
Abstract: "Countless millions of people have died from tuberculosis, a chronic infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus. The complete genome sequence of the best-characterized strain of Mycobacterium tubercu…
GMN 11998 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14206
1998 THOMSON, James Alexander (1958 – ); ITSKOVITZ-ELDOR, Joseph; SHAPIRO, Sander S.; ET AL
Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts.
Thomson and collaborators first isolated embryonic stem cells from human blastocysts. Order of authorship in original publication: Thomson, Itskovitz-Eldor, Shapiro et al. Available online from science.sciencemag.org …
GMN 13286 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15552
1998 FIRE, Andrew Zachary (1959 – ); MELLO, Craig Cameron (1960 – ); XU, SiQun; ET AL
Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans.
The authors reported that tiny snippets of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) effectively shut down specific genes, driving the destruction of messenger RNA (mRNA) with sequences matching the dsRNA. As a result, the mRNA can…
GMN 13957 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16258
1998 GEARHEART, John D. (1943 – 2020); SHAMBLOTT, Michael J.; AXELMAN, Joyce; ET AL
Derivation of pluripotent stem cells from cultured human primordial germ cells.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Shamblott, Axelman,... Gearheart. Gearheart led the team that successfully developed human embryonic germ cells, pluripotent stem cells derived from primordial germ cel…
GMN 13977 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16280
1998 HALL, Jeffrey Connor (1945 – ); ROSBASH, Michael Morris (1944 – ); RUTILA, Joan E.; SURI, Vipin; LE, Myai; SO, W. Venus
CYCLE Is a Second bHLH-PAS Clock Protein Essential for Circadian Rhythmicity and Transcription of Drosophila period and timeless.
In 1998 Rosbach, Hall and colleagues discovered the cycle gene, clock gene, and cryptochrome photoreceptor in Drosophila through the use of forward genetics, by first identifying the phenotype of a mutant and then det…
GMN 14264 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16585
1999 HARRIS, Sir Henry (1925 – 2014)
The birth of the cell.
GMN 9193 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11374
1999 HARRISON, Bryan Desmond (1931 – ); WILSON, T. M. A.
Tobacco mosaic virus: Pioneering research for a century. A theme issue edited by B. D. Harrison and T. M. A. Wilson.
GMN 11071 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13267
1999 HALL, Jeffrey Connor (1945 – ); RENN, Susan C. P.; PARK, Jae H.; ROSBASH, Michael Morris (1944 – ); TAGHERT, Paul H. (1953 – )
A pdf Neuropeptide gene mutation and ablation of PDF neurons each cause severe abnormalities of behavioral circadian rhythms in Drosophila.
In 2017 Hall shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young “for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm.” Order of authorship in the orig…
GMN 14262 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16583
2000 FRY, Iris
The emergence of life on earth. An historical and scientific overview.
GMN 9192 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11373
2000 MINNIS, Paul E. (1951 – ); ELISENS, Wayne J. (1948 – )
Biodiversity and native America. Edited by Paul E. Minnis and Wayne J. Elisens.
GMN 9322 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11504
2000 MCNEILL, John Robert (1954 – )
Something new under the sun: An environmental history of the twentieth-century world.
GMN 9392 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11575
2000 KHORANA, Har Gobind (1922 – 2011)
Chemical biology. Selected papers of H. Gobind Khorana (with introductions).
Khorana edited this selection of his key papers and wrote the introductions to each paper.
GMN 12133 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14342
2000 APPEL, Toby A. (1945 – )
Shaping biology: The National Science Foundation and American biological research, 1945-1975.
"Scientists by training, NSF biologists hoped in the 1950s that the new agency would become the federal government's chief patron for basic research in biology, the only agency to fund the entire range of biology—from…
GMN 12212 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14422
2000 RAMAKRISHNAN, Venkatraman (1952 – ); ET AL
Structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit.
Ramakrishnan and colleagues determined the complete molecular structure of the 30S subunit of the ribosome and its complexes with several antibiotics. " The Abstract: "Genetic information encoded in messenger RNA is t…
GMN 13952 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16251
2000 STEITZ, Thomas Arthur (1940 – 2018)
The structural basis of ribosome activity in peptide bond synthesis.
With Poul Nissen, Jeffrey Hansen, Nenad Ban, Peter B. Moore. Steitz shared the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Ada Yonath "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome."
GMN 13953 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16252
2000 KORNBERG, Roger David (1947 – )
Architecture of RNA polymerase II and implications for the transcription mechanism.
Kornberg devoted two decades to the development of methods to visualize the atomic structure of RNA polymerase and its associated protein components. Initially, Kornberg took advantage of expertise with lipid membrane…
GMN 13982 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16285
2000 DAVIES, Douglas R.; GORYSHIN, Igor Y.; REZNIKOFF, William S.; ET AL
Three dimensional structure of the Tn5 synaptic complex transposition intermediate.
The authors provided a molecular framework for understanding transposition phenomena at the molecular level, including molecular images at 2.3Å resolution of the Tn5 transposase complexed to its respective Tn5 transpo…
GMN 14073 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16384
2000 RUVKUN, Gary Bruce (1952 – ); PASQUINELLI, Amy E.; REINHART, Brenda J.; SLACK, Frank J.
Conservation of the sequence and temporal expression of let-7 heterochronic regulatory RNA.
Working with the let-7 gene, the authors led by Ruvkun showed that microRNA encoded by the let-7 gene was highly conserved, and present throughout the animal kingdom, proving that gene regulation by microRNA is univer…
GMN 14302 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16627
2001 INTERNATIONAL HUMAN GENOME SEQUENCING CONSORTIUM
Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.
Initial draft sequence of the human genome from the publically financed project, involving the coordinated efforts of 20 laboratories and hundreds of people around the world. The full text is available from Nature at …
GMN 6891 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9055
2001 VENTER, John Craig (1946 – ); ET AL
The sequence of the human genome.
Initial draft sequence of the human genome by Venter and the staff at Celera Genomics. The full text is available from Science at this link.
GMN 6892 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9056
2001 ARISTOTLE (ἈΡΙΣΤΟΤΈΛΗΣ) (-384 – -322); KING, R. A. H.
Aristotle on life and death
GMN 12145 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14355
2001 PAULING, Linus Carl (1901 – 1994); KAMB, Walter Barclay (1931 – 2011); KAMB, Linda Pauling; PAULING, Peter Jeffress (1931 – 2003); KAMB, Alexander; PAULING, Linus Jr. (1925 – )
Linus Pauling: Selected scientific papers. Vol. 1: Physical sciences. Vol. 2: Biomolecular sciences. Edited by Barclay Kamb, Linda Pauling Kamb, Peter Jeffress Pauling, Alexander Kamb, Linus Pauling, Jr.
GMN 12890 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15137
2002 DARWIN, Charles Robert (1809 – 1882); VAN WYHE, John (1971 – )
Darwin Online. The complete works of Charles Darwin, edited by John van Wyhe.
http://darwin-online.org.uk/AboutUs.html Darwin's Complete Publications Books Origin of Species, Voyage of the Beagle, Descent of Man... Articles Volcanic, Darwin-Wallace paper... Published Letters Life and letters, D…
GMN 8706 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10884
2002 ARISTOTLE (ἈΡΙΣΤΟΤΈΛΗΣ) (-384 – -322); BALME, David Mowbray (1912 – 1989); GOTTHELF, Allan Stanley (1942 – 2013)
Aristotle: Historia animalium. Volume 1, Books I-X: Text. Edited by D. M. Balme. Prepared for publication by Allan Gotthelf.
Critical edition based on a collation of the 26 known extant manuscripts and a study of the early Latin translations. Begun by Balme in 1975, with his work towards the Loeb editio minor of books VII–X, this edition in…
GMN 9076 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11255
2002 ARISTOTLE (ἈΡΙΣΤΟΤΈΛΗΣ) (-384 – -322); LENNOX, James G. (1948 – )
Aristotle: On the parts of the animals I-IV. Translated with commentary by James G. Lennox.
GMN 9078 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11257
2002 GOULD, Stephen Jay (1941 – 2002)
The structure of evolutionary theory.
A "technical book on macroevolution and the historical development of evolutionary theory.[1] The book was twenty years in the making,[2]published just two months before Gould's death.[3] Aimed primarily at profession…
GMN 9188 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11369
2002 U.S. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
The evolution of the conservation movement, 1850-1920.
https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amrvhtml/conshome.html "documents the historical formation and cultural foundations of the movement to conserve and protect America's natural heritage, through books, pamphlets, government…
GMN 9565 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11751
2002 DAMKAER, David M.
The copedologist's cabinet: A biographical and bibliographical history.
"Copepod crustaceans are the most numerous multicellular animals on earth. They occur in every free-living and parasitic aquatic niche. Copepods have been known since the time of Aristotle, yet there has never been a …
GMN 10078 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12267
2002 GARDNER, Malcolm J.; HALL, Neil; FUNG, Eula; ET AL
Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Order of authorship in the original paper: Gardner, Hall, Fung.... Genome of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite carried by the mosquito that causes malaria in humans. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its i…
GMN 11336 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13534
2002 HOLT, Robert A.; SUBRAMANIAN, G. Mani; HALPERN, Aaron L.; ET AL
The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Holt, Subramanian, Halpern.... Sequence of the genome of Anopheles gambiae, the mosquito that carries the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. (Thanks to Juan Weiss…
GMN 11337 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13535
2002 PAULY, Philip Joseph (1950 – 2008)
Biologists and the promise of American life: From Meriwether Lewis to Alfred Kinsey.
GMN 13127 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15383
2003 HOLMES, Frederick Lawrence (1933 – 2003); RENN, Jürgen (1956 – ); RHEINBERGER, Hans-Jörg (1946 – )
Reworking the bench: Research notebooks in the history of science. Edited by Frederic L. Holmes, Jürgen Renn and Hans-Jörg Rheinberger.
Besides the historographical consideration of the value of laboratory notebooks for studying the history of experimentation and discovery, this volume includes studies of notebooks by Galvani, Schwann, Pavlov, Carl Co…
GMN 9253 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11435
2003 WILLIAMS, Michael (1935 – 2009)
Deforesting the earth: From prehistory to global crisis.
This work, which was heralded as a masterwork of scholarship when published, originally consisted of 689pp. In 2006 the publishers issued "an abridgment" to make the work accessible to a "general readership." The abri…
GMN 10233 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12423
2003 MARRA, Marco A. (1966 – ); JONES, Steven J. M.; ASTELL, Caroline R.
The genome sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus.
Dated May 30, 2003 and published immediately after No. 10862 in the same issue of Science, this reported the work of Marco Marra and his team in Canada. Order of authorship in the published paper was Marra, Jones, Ast…
GMN 10863 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13059
2003 COLLINS, Francis Sellers (1950 – ); ERIKSSON, Maria; BROWN, William Ted; GORDON, Leslie Beth; ET AL
Recurrent de novo point mutations in lamin A cause Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome.
The authors showed that mutations in lamin A (LMNA) are the cause of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria sundrom (HGPS). At the end of their abstract they stated that "The discovery of the molecular basis of this disease may …
GMN 14217 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16533
2003 BAKER, David (1962 – ); KUHLMAN, Brian A.; DANTAS, Gautam; IRETON, Gregory C.; VARANI, Gabriele; ET AL
Design of a novel globular protein fold with atomic-level accuracy.
Called, "the breakthrough in computational de novo protein design." This was the proof of concept paper that computers and AI could be used to predict protein structures accurately and much faster than with convention…
GMN 14300 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16625
2004 DICK, Stephen J. (1949 – ); STRICK, James E.
The living universe: NASA and the development of astrobiology.
GMN 7380 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9552
2004 SHREEVE, James
The genome war: How Craig Venter tried to capture the code of life and save the world.
GMN 7435 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9607
2005 TAUBENBERGER, Jeffery K. (1961 – ); TUMPEY, Terence M.; BASLER, Christopher F.; AGUILAR, Patricia V.; ET AL
Characterization of the reconstructed 1918 Spanish Influenza Pandemic virus.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Tumpey, Basler, Aguilar... Taubenberger. Reconstruction of the genome of the 1918 Spanish Influenza virus from frozen tissue samples from a mass grave of victims of the…
GMN 11335 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13533
2005 BERRIMAN, Matthew; GHEDIN, Elodie (1967 – ); HERTZ-FOWLER, Christiane; ET AL
The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei.
Genome of the parasite that causes Sleeping Sickness. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
GMN 11339 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13537
2005 MOJICA, Francisco Juan Martinez (1963 – ); DÍEZ-VILLASEÑOR, César; GARCÍA-MARTÍNEZ, Jesús
Intervening sequences of regularly spaced prokaryotic repeats derive from foreign genetic elements.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Mojica, Díez-Villaseñor, Jesus García-Martínez. In this paper Mojica and colleagues showed the the CRISPR system is a bacterial immune system against viral attack. This…
GMN 11842 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14046
2005 KARIKÓ, Katalin (1955 – ); WEISSMAN, Drew; BUCKSTEIN, Michael; NI, Houping
Suppression of RNA recognition by toll-like receptors: The impact of nucleoside modification and the evolutionary origin of RNA.
Karikó and Weissman discovered the nucleoside modifications that suppress the immungenicity of RNA, leading to their patents for the application of non-immunogenic, nucleoside-modified RNA (modRNA). This technology wa…
GMN 13622 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15902
2005 SELINUS, Olle
Essentials of medical geology: Impacts of the natural environment on public health. Editor-in-chief: Olle Selinus.
"... emphasizes the importance and interrelationships of geological processes to the health and diseases of humans and animals. Its accessible format fosters better communication between the health and geoscience comm…
GMN 13769 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16054
2005 SÜDHOF, Thomas Christian (1955 – ); MAXIMOV, Anton
Autonomous function of synaptotagmin 1 in triggering synchronous release independent of asynchronous release.
Südhof is credited with discovering much of the machinery mediating neurotransmitter release and presynaptic plasticity, beginning with the discovery of symaptotagmins and their role in neurostrasmitter release from t…
GMN 14257 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16577
2006 SACHS, Aaron (1969 – )
The Humboldt current: Nineteenth-century exploration and the roots of American environmentalism.
GMN 7962 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10137
2006 KOHLER, Robert E. (1937 – )
All creatures: Naturalists, collectors, and biodiversity, 1850-1950.
GMN 10366 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12558
2006 PAULING, Linus Carl (1901 – 1994); PAULING, Ava Helen (1903 – 1981)
The Pauling catalogue. Ava Helen and Linus Pauling papers at Oregon State University. Edited by Christoffer Petersen and Cliff Mead. 6 vols.
Vol. 1. Timeline, correspondence, publications, manuscripts & typescripts of articles, speechs, and books. Vol. 2. Science, Research Notebooks. 1917 Linus Pauling Diary. Vol. 3. Peace, Ava Helen Pauling, travel, honor…
GMN 13094 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15346
2006 YAMANAKA, Shinya (1962 – ); TAKAHASHI, Kazutoshi
Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors.
Takahashi and Yamanaka reprogrammed mice fibroblast cells, which can produce only other fibroblast cells, to become pluripotent stem cells, which have the capacity to produce many different types of cells. This they a…
GMN 13287 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15553
