1869 WINGE, Emanuel Fredrik Hagbarth (1827 – 1894)
Mycosis endocardii.
Winge first suggested that endocarditis was due to microbial infection. A translation of part of his paper is in Major, Classic descriptions of disease, 3rd ed., 1945, p. 472.
GMN 2767 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4700
1870 MYERS, Arthur Bowen Richards (1838 – 1921)
On the etiology and prevalence of diseases of the heart among soldiers.
First description of “Da Costa’s syndrome” – the “effort syndrome” of Sir Thomas Lewis.
GMN 2768 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4701
1870 WILKS, Sir Samuel (1824 – 1911)
Capillary embolism or arterial pyaemia.
One of the first accounts of bacterial endocarditis was given by Wilks, who, in his classic paper on the subject, called the condition “arterial pyaemia.” Reprinted in Willius & Keys, Cardiac classics, 1941, pp. 579-84.
GMN 2769 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4702
1870 FELTZ, Victor Timothée (1835 – 1893)
Traité clinique et expérimental des embolies capillaires.
GMN 3009 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5369
1871 DA COSTA, Jacob Mendes (1833 – 1900)
On irritable heart; a clinical study of a form of functional cardiac disorder and its consequences.
“Da Costa’s syndrome.” This was first described by Myers (No. 2768) and is now known as “effort syndrome,” “soldier’s heart,” “disordered action of the heart.” More recently it has been considered an early recognition…
GMN 2770 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4707
1871 FAGGE, Charles Hilton (1838 – 1883)
On the murmurs attendant on mitral contraction.
Important and exhaustive account of the knowledge of presystolic murmurs. Fagge’s paper also includes many clinical observations relating to the rhythm of heart murmurs and the state of the sounds of the heart in 67 c…
GMN 2771 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4711
1871 QUINCKE, Heinrich Irenaeus (1842 – 1922)
Ein Fall von Aneurysma der Leberarterie.
Quincke observed aneurysm of the hepatic artery in 1870.
GMN 2982 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5157
1872 MITCHELL, Silas Weir (1829 – 1914)
Clinical lecture on certain painful affections of the feet.
Mitchell suggested the name “erythromelalgia” for this condition, which is also known as “Weir Mitchell’s disease”. He records four earlier writers on the subject, the first being Graves in 1848. See also his paper in…
GMN 2706 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/406
1872 BÄUMLER, Christian Gottfried Heinrich (1836 – 1933)
Cases of partial and general idiopathic pericarditis.
Pericarditis epistenocardiaca described.
GMN 2772 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4713
1872 BAMBERGER, Heinrich von (1822 – 1888)
Ueber zwei seltene Herzaffektionen, mit Bezugnahme auf die Theorie des ersten Herztons.
“Bamberger’s disease” (Pick’s disease, No. 2803).
GMN 2773 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4715
1872 HEIBERG, Hjalmar (1837 – 1897)
Ein Fall von Endocarditis ulcerosa puerperalis mit Pilzbildungen im Herzen (Mycosis endocardii).
Heiberg suggested the microbic nature of endocarditis. He described what appeared to him to be the mycelia of Leptothrix in the vegetations of a case of ulcerative endocarditis.
GMN 2774 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4719
1872 TRAUBE, Ludwig (1818 – 1876)
Ein Fall von Pulsus bigeminus nebst Bemerkungen über die Leberschwellungen bei Klappenfehlern und über acute Leberatrophie.
First clear description of pulsus bigeminus. Translated in Willius & Keys, Cardiac classics, 1941, pp. 590-99.
GMN 2775 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4724
1872 COHNHEIM, Julius Friedrich (1839 – 1884)
Untersuchungen über die embolischen Processe.
Cohnheim developed the doctrine of infarction as a result of occlusion of terminal arteries. He explained the haemorrhagic nature of certain infarcts on the basis of a reflux flow and diapedesis through the altered ca…
GMN 3010 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5370
1873 COHNHEIM, Julius Friedrich (1839 – 1884)
Neue Untersuchungen über die Entzündung.
Cohnheim was the master experimental pathologist of the 19th century. He was a pupil of Virchow and Kölliker; in contradiction of the former, he showed the essential feature of inflammation to be the passage of leucoc…
GMN 2302 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2941
1873 KUSSMAUL, Adolf (1822 – 1902)
Ueber schwielige Mediastino-Pericarditis und den paradoxen Puls.
Kussmaul introduced the concept of the “paradoxical pulse.”
GMN 2776 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4728
1873 REEVES, Charles Evans
Heart studies in Australia, with observations on aneurism of the aorta.
The first book on heart disease written by an Australian physician and published in Australia.
GMN 11749 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13949
1874 MAHOMED, Frederick Horatio Akbar (1849 – 1884)
The etiology of Bright’s disease and the prealbuminuric stage.
Mahomed proved that cases of “arteriocapillary fibrosis” were hypertensive, and showed that they may occur without renal involvement.
GMN 2906.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4863
1875 GALABIN, Alfred Lewis (1843 – 1913)
On the interpretation of cardiographic tracings, and the evidence which they afford as to the causation of the murmurs attendant upon mitral stenosis.
"The first case of heart block in a human documented graphically was reported in 1875 by British physician Alfred Galabin. He published an apical pulse tracing from a 34-year-old man with a two-year history of lighthe…
GMN 12235 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14449
1876 KRIES, Nathanael von
Ueber den Druck in den Blutcapillaren der menschlichen Haut.
Kries attempted to measure blood pressure in the capillaries by using a skin blanching method.
GMN 781 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1767
1876 POTAIN, Pierre Charles Édouard (1825 – 1901)
Du rhythme cardiaque appelé bruit de galop, de son mécanisme et de sa valeur séméiologique.
Analysis of “gallop rhythm.” Partial English translation in No. 2241 and No. 3160.1.
GMN 2777 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4733
1876 BALFOUR, George William (1823 – 1903)
Clinical lectures on diseases of the heart and aorta.
Includes “Balfour’s test” to ascertain whether the heart is still active, in cases of apparent death.
GMN 2779 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4741
1876 WELCH, Francis Henry (1839 – 1910)
On aortic aneurism in the army and the conditions associated with it.
Welch, an Army surgeon, supported the theory of a causal connexion between syphilis and aneurysm.
GMN 2983 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5160
1877 DUROZIEZ, Paul Louis (1826 – 1897)
Du rétrécissement mitral pur.
First description of congenital mitral stenosis, “Duroziez’s disease.”
GMN 2780 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4743
1878 HAMMER, Johann Adam (1818 – 1878)
Ein Fall von thrombotischen Verschlusse einer der Kranzarterien des Herzens.
First description of coronary thrombosis with diagnosis before death. English translation of original report, Amer. J. Cardiol, 1978, 42, 849-52.
GMN 2781 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4747
1878 KLEBS, Theodor Albrecht Edwin (1834 – 1913)
Weitere Beiträge zur Entstehungsgeschichte der Endocarditis.
Klebs "concluded that most cases of acute endocarditis were caused by 'monads' or by 'septic cocci' " (Bloomfield, Bibliography of internal medicine, selected diseases, 43-44). Klebs believed that all cases of endocar…
GMN 12257 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14473
1879 ROGER, Henri-Louis (1809 – 1891)
Recherches cliniques sur la communication congénitales des deux coeurs par inocclusion du septum intervenniculare.
Roger drew attention to an important anomaly of the septum, interventricular patency (“maladie de Roger”), demonstrating the presence of a murmur in this condition. This is sometimes called “Roger’s murmur”, although …
GMN 2782 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3376
1879 MURRELL, William (1853 – 1912)
Nitro-glycerine as a remedy for angina pectoris.
Murrell introduced trinitrin (nitroglycerin, glyceryl trinitrate) in the treatment of angina.
GMN 2892 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4338
1879 WINIWARTER, Felix von (1852 – 1931)
Ueber eine eigenthümliche Form von Endarteriitis und Endophlebitis mit Gangrän des Fusses.
Early description of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease, No. 2912).
GMN 2907 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4865
1879 BURNETT, James Compton (1840 – 1901)
Gold as a remedy in disease, notably in some forms of organic heart disease, angina pectoris, melancholy, tedium vitae, scrofula, syphilis, skin disease, & as an antidote to the ill effects of mercury.
Burnett, a homeopath, provided an excellent summary of the history of gold as it was used in medicine, with extensive references to the historical literature. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.
GMN 8852 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11030
1880 WEIGERT, Carl (1845 – 1904)
Ueber die pathologische Gerinnungs-Vorgänge.
First description (p. 106) of myocardial infarction. Leibowitz called this "the most significant contribution by a pathologist to the history of coronary heart disease." He also wrote, "This work not only provides a g…
GMN 2783 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3379
1880 WALDENBURG, Louis (1837 – 1881)
Die Messung des Pulses und des Blutdrucks am Menschen.
Probably the first book published on the messurement blood pressure in mankind. Mostly concerned with normal physiologic conditions, with a small section on fluctuations in illness. Digital facsimile from Google Books…
GMN 11721 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13922
1881 MAREY, Étienne Jules (1830 – 1904)
La circulation du sang à l’état physiologique et dans les maladies.
GMN 783 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1769
1881 CONCATO, Luigi Maria (1825 – 1882)
Sulla poliorromennite scrofolosa, otisi delle sierose.
“Concato’s disease” – inflammation of the serous membranes. Involvement of the pericardium was later described by Pick (No. 2803).
GMN 2785 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3385
1882 GASKELL, Walter Holbrook (1847 – 1914)
On the rhythm of the heart of the frog, and on the nature of the action of the vagus nerve.
Croonian Lectures, 1881. Gaskell’s classical memoir on the muscles and nerves of the heart included a description of “Gaskell’s nerves”, the accelerator nerves of the heart. He showed that the motor impulses from the …
GMN 829 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/309
1882 LEYDEN, Ernst Viktor von (1832 – 1910)
Ueber Fettherz.
Fatty infiltration of the heart first described.
GMN 2786 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3388
1883 PETER, Charles Félix Michel (1824 – 1893)
Traité clinique des maladies du coeur et de la crosse de l’aorte.
GMN 2788 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3391
1883 PAUL, Constantin Charles Theodore (1833 – 1896)
Diagnostic et traitement des maladies du coeur.
English translation, 1884.
GMN 2789 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3393
1884 LEYDEN, Ernst Viktor von (1832 – 1910)
Ueber die Sclerose der coronar-Arterien und die davon abhängigen Krankheitszustände.
A comprehensive account of the schlerosis of the coronary arteries and the morbid states arising from them, including a historical review of the problems.
GMN 2907.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4867
1884 ROSE, Edmund (1836 – 1914)
Hertztamponade: Ein Beitrag zur Herzchirurgie.
Rose coined the term "Herztomponade" translated as "cardiac tamponade." He "described the pathophysiology of cardiac tamponade and recorded 23 case histories of ruptured or wounded hearts, several of which did not cau…
GMN 12279 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14498
1885 BRUNTON, Sir Thomas Lauder (1844 – 1916)
A text-book of pharmacology, therapeutics and materia medica.
Brunton was physician to St. Bartholomew’s Hospital and an eminent pharmacologist. He is notable for his introduction of amyl nitrite in the treatment of angina pectoris and for a vast amount of other work concerning …
GMN 1881 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2519
1885 OSLER, Sir William (1849 – 1919)
The Gulstonian Lectures, on malignant endocarditis.
First comprehensive description of subacute bacterial endocarditis.
GMN 2790 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3396
1887 MACWILLIAM, John Alexander (1857 – 1937)
Fibrillar contraction of the heart.
MacWilliam discovered that fibrillar contraction of the heart is due to “a rapid succession of incoordinated peristaltic contractions.” He clearly described auricular and ventricular fibrillation, and showed that vent…
GMN 2791 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3398
1887 HUCHARD, Henri (1844 – 1910)
L’artério-sclérose subaiguë dans ses rapports avec les spasmes vasculaires et son traitement par la trinitrine (nitroglycérine).
“Huchard’s disease” – continued hypertension causing arteriosclerosis. Huchard did much to develop the knowledge concerning arteriosclerosis and summarized his work in a classic monograph published in 1909.
GMN 2908 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4869
1887 EPPINGER, Hans, senior (1846 – 1916)
Pathogenese (Histogenese und Aetiologie) der Aneurysmen einschliesslich des Aneurysma equi verminosum.
GMN 2984 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5167
1888 ROY, Charles Smart (1854 – 1897); ADAMI, John George (1862 – 1926)
Remarks on failure of the heart from overstrain.
Important experimental work on cardiac overstrain was carried out by Roy and Adami who considered that mechanical overstrain caused chronic thickening of the cardiac valves.
GMN 2793 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3405
1888 –1889 STEELL, Graham (1851 – 1942)
The murmur of high-pressure in the pulmonary artery.
First description of the pulmonary diastolic murmur – the “Graham Steell murmur.” Reproduced in Willius & Keys, Cardiac Classics, 1941, pp. 680-85.
GMN 2794 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3408
1888 MATAS, Rudolph (1860 – 1957)
Traumatic aneurism of the left brachial artery. Failure of direct and indirect pressure; ligation of the artery immediately above tumor; return of pulsation on the tenth day; ligation immediately below tumor; failure to arrest pulsation; incision and partial excision of sac; recovery.
First aneurysmorrhaphy, April 6, 1888. See also Trans. Amer. surg.Ass.,1902, 20,396-434.
GMN 2985 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5171
1889 BOUVERET, Léon (1851 – 1929)
De la tachycardie essentielle paroxystique.
Bouveret introduced the term “Paroxysmal tachycardia”. Partial English translation in No. 2241.
GMN 2795 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3411
1889 HUCHARD, Henri (1844 – 1910)
Maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux.
In his important monograph on disorders of the cardiovascular system, Huchard was apparently the first to use the designation “Stokes–Adams disease”.
GMN 2796 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3413
1889 MACWILLIAM, John Alexander (1857 – 1937)
Cardiac failure and sudden death from ventricular fibrillation.
First description of a case of death from ventricular fibrillation.
GMN 2797 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3417
