1906 –1907 KEITH, Sir Arthur (1866 – 1955); FLACK, Martin William (1882 – 1931)
The form and nature of the muscular connections between the primary divisions of the vertebrate heart.
Discovery of the sinoatrial node, the “pacemaker of the heart”. Reprinted in Willius & Keys, Cardiac classics, 1941, pp. 747-62.
GMN 844 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/627
1952 ZOLL, Paul Maurice (1911 – 1999)
Resuscitation of the heart in ventricular standstill by external electric stimulation.
External cardiac pacemaker. "The medical world took notice when Zoll announced in 1952 that he had successfully kept a patient alive through numerous episodes of ventricular standstill using a bedside device that deli…
GMN 2883 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4237
1958 LILLEHEI, Clarence Walton (1918 – 1999); WEIRICH, William L. (1924 – 2014); GOTT, Vincent Lynn (1927 – )
The treatment of complete heart block by the combined use of a myocardial electrode and artificial pacemaker.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Weirich, Gott, Lillehei. Attachment of a wire to the ventricular epicardium, and bringing it out percutaneously to an external pacemaker. This was a key development lea…
GMN 3047.11 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3603
1959 FURMAN, Seymour (1931 – 2006); ROBINSON, George (1922 – )
The use of intracardiac pacemaker in the correction of total heart block.
First use of pacemaker for Stokes–Adams syndrome, using dogs as subjects. External power source. See also Furman and Scawadel, John B., "An intracardiac pacemaker for Stokes–Adams seizures ," New Engl. J. Med.,1959, 2…
GMN 3047.10 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3591
1960 CHARDACK, William M. (1914 – 2006); GREATBATCH, Wilson (1919 – 2011); GAGE, Andrew A.
A transistorized, self-contained, implantable pacemaker for the long-term correction of complete heart block.
The first fully-implantable pacemaker.
GMN 3047.15 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3618
1960 ELMQVIST, Rune (1906 – 1996); SENNING, Åke (1915 – 2000)
An implantable pacemaker in the heart. IN: Medical electronics: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Medical Electronics, Paris 24-27 June 1959. Edited by C. N. Smyth.
"This is the original report of the first fully implantable pacemaker that was designed by Elmqvist and surgically inserted under the skin of a patient in October 1958. It is an abstract of their presentation that sig…
GMN 11590 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13789
1967 HARKEN, Dwight Emary (1910 – 1993); MATLOFF, Jack Morton (1933 – 2015); BERKOVITS, Barouh (1926 – 2012); ET AL
Clinical experiences with a new implantable demand pacemaker.
Harken and colleagues reported "the first clinical use of an implantable noncompetitive pacer" (Jeffrey, Machines in Our Hearts. Baltimore, 2001, 134.) Berkovits, an engineer working for Medtronic, was an inventor of …
GMN 12242 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14456
2000 FURMAN, Seymour (1931 – 2006); GREATBATCH, Wilson (1919 – 2011)
The making of the pacemaker: Celebrating a lifesaving invention. Foreward [extensive] by Seymour Furman.
GMN 7995 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10171
2001 JEFFREY, Kirk
Machines in our hearts: The cardiac pacemaker, the implantable defibrillator, and American health care.
GMN 7191 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9358
