1932 BALLANCE, Sir Charles Alfred (1865 – 1936); DUEL, Arthur Baldwin (1870 – 1936)

The operative treatment of facial palsy by the introduction of nerve grafts into the Fallopian canal and by other intratemporal methods.

A classic paper which includes some history of the surgical treatment of facial palsy.

GMN 4899 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5927

1933 MUCKENFUSS, Ralph S. (1916 – )

Encephalitis: studies on experimental transmission.

Isolation of the St. Louis encephalitis virus. With C. Armstrong and H. A. McCordock.

GMN 4656 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/765

1933 HOLTZ, Friedrich (1889 – 1967)

Die Behandlung der postoperativen Tetanie.

Introduction of A.T. 10 (“Antitetanisches Praparat Nr. 10”), dihydrotachysterol, in the treatment of tetany.

GMN 4838 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3601

1934 HAYASHI, Michitomo

Übertragung des Virus von Encephalitis epidemica auf Affen.

Experimental transmission of Japanese B encephalitis.

GMN 4657 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/767

1934 SABIN, Albert Bruce (1906 – 1993); WRIGHT, Arthur M.

Acute ascending myelitis following a monkey bite, with the isolation of a virus capable of reproducing the disease.

Herpesvirus simiae (B virus) infection; isolation of the virus.

GMN 4658 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/770

1934 ARMSTRONG, Charles (1886 – 1967); LILLIE, Ralph Dougall (1896 – 1979)

Experimental lymphocytic choriomeningitis of monkeys and mice produced by a virus encountered in studies of the 1933 St. Louis encephalitis epidemic.

Isolation of the virus of benign lymphocytic choriomeningits.

GMN 4688 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/966

1934 CANNON, Walter Bradford (1871 – 1945)

The story of the development of our ideas of chemical mediation of nerve impulses.

GMN 1580 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1348

1934 WALKER, Mary Broadfoot (1888 – 1974)

Treatment of myasthenia gravis with physostigmine.

Introduction of physostigmine in treatment of myasthenia gravis. She replaced this with neostigmine in 1935 (Proc. roy. Soc. Med., 28, 759-61).

GMN 4768 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1417

1934 FØLLING, Ivar Asbjørn (1888 – 1973)

Utskillelse av fenylpyrodruesyre i urinen som stoffskifteanomali i forbindelse med imbecilletet.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) first described. This was the first hereditary metabolic disorder shown to be responsible for mental retardation. German translation in Hoppe-Seyl. Z. physiol. Chem., 1934, 227, 169-76. English t…

GMN 3924 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5067

1934 MIXTER, William Jason (1880 – 1958); BARR, Joseph Seaton (1901 – 1963)

Rupture of the intervertebral disc with involvement of the spinal canal.

Demonstration of the causal role of intervertebral disc herniation in sciatica.

GMN 4435 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6294

1934 BABINSKI, Joseph François Félix (1857 – 1932); BARRÉ, Jean Alexandre (1880 – 1967)

Oeuvre scientifique. Recueil des principaux travaux publié par les soins de J. A. Barré.

Collected edition of Babinski's previously published works edited by Barré and numerous other editors. Contents: La méthode en sémiologie. - Sémiologie. - Tumeurs cérébrales et compressions cérébrales. - Affections no…

GMN 12046 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14254

1935 LAURENT, Lous Philippe Eugène (1906 – 1992); WALTHER, William Werner

The influence of large doses of potassium chloride on myasthenia gravis.

Potassium salts first used in treatment of myasthenia gravis.

GMN 4769 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1418

1935 –1937 FOERSTER, Otfrid (1873 – 1941); BUMKE, Oswald (1877 – 1950)

Handbuch der Neurologie. 17 vols. [in 18].

For its era, the definitive encyclopedia of neurology.

GMN 4613 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8932

1936 TANIGUCHI, Tenji (1889 – 1961); ET AL

A virus isolated in 1935 epidemic of summer encephalitis in Japan.

T. Taniguchi, M. Hosokawa, and S. Kuga established a virus etiology for Japanese B encephalitis.

GMN 4659 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/774

1936 SABIN, Albert Bruce (1906 – 1993); OLITSKY, Peter Kosciusko (1886 – 1964)

Cultivation of poliomyelitis virus in vitro in human embryonic nervous tissue.

Isolation and propagation of the poliomyelitis virus in pure culture.

GMN 4670.6 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/868

1936 VINCENT, Clovis Julien Désiré (1879 – 1947); BOGAERT, Ludo van (1897 – 1989)

Contribution à l’étude des syndromes du globe pâle. La dégénérescence progressive du globe pâle et de la portion réticuléé de la substance noire (maladie d’Hallervorden–Spatz).

Clovis Vincent, a pioneer French neurosurgeon, contributed a valuable study of Hallervorden–Spatz disease.

GMN 4725 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1234

1937 KENNY, Elizabeth (1886 – 1952)

Infantile paralysis and cerebral diplegia: Methods used for the restoration of function.

GMN 4671 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/870

1937 SCHWENTKER, Francis Frederic (1904 – 1954); ET AL

The treatment of meningococcic meningitis with sulfanilamide.

With S. Gelman and P. H. Long.

GMN 4689 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/968

1937 GOLLA, Frederick Lucien (1878 – 1968); ET AL

The electro-encephalogram in epilepsy.

Demonstration of the changes in the electro-encephalogram in epilepsy. With S. Graham and W. Grey Walter.

GMN 4824 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1637

1937 BRADLEY, Charles (1902 – 1979)

Behavior of children receiving benzedrine.

Bradley showed that racemic amphetamine, that is, the 50:50 mixture of d- and l-amphetamine isomers (Benzedrine®), was shown to reduce the impulsivity, distractibility, and inattention characteristic of Attention Defi…

GMN 7980 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10156

1938 CUSHING, Harvey Williams (1869 – 1939); EISENHARDT, Louise Charlotte (1891 – 1967)

Meningiomas: Their classification, regional behavior, life history, and surgical end results.

Begun in 1915, soon after Cushing's monograph on pituitary disorders, this represents 25 years of work, and is, by common consent, regarded as Cushing’s greatest clinical monograph. Reprint, 2 vols., New York, Hafner,…

GMN 4612 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/590

1938 FOTHERGILL, Leroy Dryden (1901 – 1967); ET AL

Human encephalitis caused by the virus of the Eastern variety of equine encephalomyelitis.

Isolation of the virus of Eastern equine encephalitis from man. With J. H. Dingle, S. Farber, and M. L. Connerley.

GMN 4659.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/780

1938 HOWITT, Beatrice Fay (1891 – )

Recovery of the virus of equine encephalomyelitis from the brain of a child.

Western equine encephalitis virus recovered from man.

GMN 4660 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/783

1938 MINOT, Ann Stone (1894 – 1980); ET AL

The response of the myasthenic state to guanidine hydrochloride.

Guanidine first used in treatment of myasthenia gravis. With K. Dodd and S. S. Riven.

GMN 4770 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1421

1938 MERRITT, Hiram Houston (1902 – 1979); PUTNAM, Tracy Jackson (1894 – 1938)

Sodium diphenyl hydantoinate in the treatment of convulsive disorders.

Introduction of diphenylhydantoin.

GMN 4824.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1643

1939 ZILBER, Lev Aleksandrovich (Alexandrovich) (1894 – 1966)

Vesennij (vesenne-letnij) endemiceskij klescevoj encefalit. [Vernal (verno-aestival) endemic tick-borne encephalitis.]

Isolation of the virus of spring–summer (Russian Far East) encephalitis.

GMN 4660.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/785

1939 ARMSTRONG, Charles (1886 – 1967)

Successful transfer of the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus from the cotton rat to the white mouse.

Armstrong adapted the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis to the cotton rat and then to the mouse, greatly facilitating experimental work on the disease.

GMN 4671.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/878

1939 BLALOCK, Alfred (1899 – 1964); ET AL

Myasthenia gravis and tumors of the thymic region. Report of a case in which the tumor was removed.

First deliberate treatment of myasthenia gravis by thymectomy, with M. F. Mason, H. J. Morgan, and S. S. Riven.

GMN 4771 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1422

1939 KLEITMAN, Nathaniel (1895 – 1999)

Sleep and wakefulness as alternating phases in the cycle of existence.

Discusses phases of the sleep cycle, experimental work on sleep and wakefulness, sleep disorders and their treatment, and such sleep-like states as hypnosis and hibernation.

GMN 12448 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14680

1940 DURAND, Paul (1895 – 1961)

Virus filtrant pathogène pour l’homme et les animaux de laboratoire, et à affinité meningée et pulmonaire.

“Durand’s disease” – D virus infection. Durand isolated the virus from his own blood. See also the paper by G. M. Findlay, Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med., 1942, 35, 303-18.

GMN 4661 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/787

1940 JUNGEBLUT, Claus Washington (1897 – 1976); SANDERS, Murray Jonathan (1910 – 1987)

Studies of a murine strain of poliomyelitis virus in cotton rats and white mice.

Isolation of encephalomyocarditis virus.

GMN 4661.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/789

1940 WILSON, Samuel Alexander Kinnier (1878 – 1937)

Neurology 2 pts. Edited by A.N. Bruce.

Wilson died before this monumental work was completed, and it was edited by A. N. Bruce. It includes a vast amount of history and hundreds of references. Second edition, 1954.

GMN 4614 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8933

1941 ROBERTSON, Edward Graeme (1903 – 1975)

Encephalography.

Robertson improved the accuracy and reliability of encephalography and reduced its discomforts.

GMN 4614.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/593

1941 PENFIELD, Wilder Graves (1891 – 1976); ERICKSON, Theodore

Epilepsy and cerebral localization: A study of the mechanism, treatment and prevention of epileptic seizures.

Penfield’s most widely recognized contribution was the gradual development of cortical excision as an accepted and valuable method of treating medically refractory focal epilepsy. See also No. 4914.2.

GMN 4910.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5992

1942 THÉVENARD, André (1898 – 1959)

L’acropathie ulcéro-mutilante familiale.

“Thévenard’s disease” – hereditary sensory neuropathy, earlier reported by Auguste Nélaton: Affection singulière des os du pied. Gaz. Hôp. Paris, 1852, 4, 13.

GMN 4614.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/596

1943 SEDDON, Sir Herbert John (1903 – 1977)

Three types of nerve injury.

Seddon’s classification of nerve injuries.

GMN 4911 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5995

1943 KANNER, Leo (1894 – 1981)

Autistic disturbances of affective contact.

The first description of “early infantile autism” as a disorder marked by extreme detachment, self-isolation, inability to form relationships, frequent failure to acquire communicative abilities, and preoccupation wit…

GMN 7625 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9797

1944 STEINHAUSEN, Theodore Behn (1914 – 1999); ET AL

Iodinated organic compounds as contrast media for radiographic diagnoses. III. Experimental and clinical myelography with ethyl iodophenylundecylate (pantopaque).

Introduction of “pantopaque” for diagnosis of cerebral tumors. With C. E. Dungan, J. B. Furst, J. T. Plati, S. W. Smith, A. P. Darling, and E. C. Wolcott.

GMN 4615 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/597

1944 ROSENBERG, David Harry (1903 – ); ARLING, Philip Arthur (1908 – 1955)

Penicillin in the treatment of meningitis.

GMN 4689.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/970

1944 WARTENBERG, Robert (1887 – 1956)

Studies in reflexes. History, psychology, synthesis and nomenclature.

Also published in book form, Chicago, 1945.

GMN 5014 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6595

1944 ASPERGER, Hans (1906 – 1980)

Die "Autistischen Psychopathen" im Kindesalter.

Early infantile autism (Asperberger's syndrome).

GMN 7626 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9798

1945 TEMKIN, Oswei (1902 – 2002)

The falling sickness: A history of epilepsy from the Greeks to the beginnings of modern neurology. Second edition.

Revised second edition. Baltimore, 1971.

GMN 5015 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6598

1946 GRÜNTHAL, Ernst (1894 – 1972)

Ueber Parpanit, einen neuen estrapyramidal-motorische Störungen beeinflussenden Stoff.

Introduction of caramiphen (“parpanit”) in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.

GMN 4726 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1240

1946 SIGWALD, Jean (1903 – ); ET AL

Le traitement de la maladie de Parkinson par le chlorhydrate de diéthylaminoéthyl-N-thiodiphénylamine (2987 R.P.). Premiers résultats.

Introduction of “diparcol” in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. With D. Boyet and G. Dumont.

GMN 4727 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1242

1947 MOORE, George Eugene (1920 – 2008)

Fluorescein as an agent in the differentiation of normal and malignant tissues.

Radioactive isotopes used in neuroradiology. See also Science, 1948, 107, 569-71.

GMN 4615.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/601

1949 ENDERS, John Franklin (1897 – 1985); WELLER, Thomas Huckle (1915 – 2008); ROBBINS, Frederick Chapman (1916 – 2003)

Cultivation of the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus in cultures of various human embryonic tissues.

Enders, Weller, and Robbins grew the poliomyelitis virus in cultures of different tissues. Their method proved of great value in virus research, and removed the final obstacles to vaccine production. In 1974 Enders, W…

GMN 4671.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/874

1949 SIGWALD, Jean (1903 – )

Un nouveau médicament symptomatique des syndromes parkinsoniens: le chlorhydrate de [(diéthylamino-2’-methyl-2’) éthyl-1-’] N-dibenzoparathiazine.

Introduction of ethopropazine (“lysivane”) in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.

GMN 4728 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1244

1949 CORBIN, Kendall Brooks (1907 – 1999)

Trihexyphenidyl. Evaluation of the new agent in the treatment of parkinsonism.

Clinical introduction of benzhexol (“artane”) in Parkinson’s disease.

GMN 4729 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1247

1949 BECK, Claude Schaeffer (1894 – 1971); ET AL

Revascularization of the brain through establishment of a cervical arteriovenous fistula. Effects in children with mental retardation and convulsive disorders.

With C. F. McKhann and W. D. Belnap.

GMN 4914 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6009

1950 BRAZIER, Mary Agnes Burniston Brown (1904 – 1995)

Bibliography of electroencephalography, 1875-1948. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, Suppl. No. 1

Covers both normal and disease states. Suppl. No. 23 (1964), ed. M. Fink, covers the period 1951-62.

GMN 5016 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6603