1784 UNDERWOOD, Michael (1737 – 1820)
A treatise on the diseases of children.
Underwood laid the foundation of modern pediatrics. His work was superior to anything that had previously appeared and remained the most important book on the subject for sixty years, passing through many editions. Th…
GMN 2734.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8101
1835 BADHAM, John (1807 – 1840)
Paralysis in childhood. Four remarkable cases of suddenly induced paralysis in the extremities, occurring in children, without any apparent cerebral or cerebro-spinal lesion.
Important clinical description.
GMN 4663 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/794
1840 HEINE, Jacob (Jakob) (1799 – 1879)
Beobachtungen über Lähmungszustände der untem Extremitäten und deren Behandlung.
First description of acute anterior poliomyelitis, which Heine separated from other forms of paralysis; he described the deformities arising from the disease. He also called attention to congenital spastic paraplegia,…
GMN 4664 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/796
1870 CHARCOT, Jean Martin (1825 – 1893); JOFFROY, Alex (1844 – 1908)
Une observation de paralysie infantile s’accompagnant d’une altération des cornes antérieures de la substance grise de la moëlle.
First demonstration of the atrophy of the anterior horns of the spinal cord in infantile paralysis, confirming earlier suggestions of von Heine and Duchenne.
GMN 4665 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/801
1875 ERB, Wilhelm Heinrich (1840 – 1921)
Ueber acute Spinällahmung (Poliomyelitis anterior acuta) bei Erwachsenen und über verwandte spinale Erkrankungen.
Erb was first to use the term “acute anterior poliomyelitis”.
GMN 4665.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/815
1879 –1880 LEYDEN, Ernst Viktor von (1832 – 1910)
Ueber Poliomyelitis und Neuritis.
Leyden enjoyed a great reputation as a neurologist and his paper on poliomyelitis and neuritis is one of his best works. He was one of the founders of the journal in which it appeared.
GMN 4666 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/817
1890 MEDIN, Karl Oskar (1847 – 1927)
En epidemi af infantil paralysi.
The epidemic character of poliomyelitis was first noted by Medin. The disease is also known as “Heine–Medin disease” from the descriptions given by these two writers (see also No. 4664). German version in Verh. X. Int…
GMN 4667 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/822
1905 WICKMAN, Otto Ivar (1872 – 1914)
Studien über Poliomyelitis acuta.
Wickman was the first to produce evidence confirming the infectious nature of poliomyelitis.
GMN 4668 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/826
1909 LANDSTEINER, Karl (1868 – 1943); POPPER, Erwin (1879 – 1955)
Uebertragung der Poliomyelitis acuta auf Affen.
Landsteiner and Popper were the first to isolate poliovirus and to transmit poliomyelitis to monkeys.
GMN 4669 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/830
1910 FLEXNER, Simon (1863 – 1946); LEWIS, Paul Adin (1879 – 1929)
Experimental poliomyelitis in monkeys: Active immunization and passive serum protection.
Demonstration of antibodies in convalescent serum in monkeys.
GMN 4670 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/834
1910 GAY, Frederick Parker (1874 – 1939); LUCAS, William Palmer (1880 – 1960)
Anterior poliomyelitis. Methods of diagnosis from spinal fluid and blood in monkeys and in human beings.
Gay and Lucas were the first to make accurate cell counts of the spinal fluid in poliomyelitis.
GMN 4670.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/837
1910 NETTER, Arnold (1855 – 1936); LEVADITI, Constantin (1874 – 1953)
Action microbicide exercée sur la virus de la poliomyélite aiguë dans le sérum des sujets antérieurement atteints de paralysie infantile. Sa constatation dans le sérum d’un sujet qui a présenté une forme abortive.
Antibodies discovered in human convalescentserum. See also No. 4670.3.
GMN 4670.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/844
1910 LANDSTEINER, Karl (1868 – 1943); LEVADITI, Constantin (1874 – 1953)
La poliomyélite experimental.
Serum from a monkey that had recovered from experimental poliomyelitis was mixed with an emulsion containing active polio virus; it failed to produce paralytic disease when injected into fresh monkeys.
GMN 4670.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/853
1912 KLING, Carl (1887 – 1967)
Experimental and pathological investigation. In: Investigations on epidemic infantile paralysis, report from the State Medical Institute of Sweden to the XVth International Congress on Hygiene and Demography.
Kling, A. Pettersson, and W. Wernstedt recovered the poliomyelitis virus from the intestinal wall and contents, disproving the contention of Flexner that it was exclusively neurotropic.
GMN 4670.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/857
1929 DRINKER, Philip (1894 – 1972); MCKHANN, Charles Freemont (1930 – )
The use of a new apparatus for the prolonged administration of artificial respiration. I. A fatal case of poliomyelitis.
The Drinker respirator (“iron lung”).
GMN 1978 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3767
1931 BURNET, Sir Frank Macfarlane (1899 – 1985); MACNAMARA, Annie Jean Dame (1899 – 1968)
Immunological differences between strains of poliomyelitis virus.
GMN 4670.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/861
1936 SABIN, Albert Bruce (1906 – 1993); OLITSKY, Peter Kosciusko (1886 – 1964)
Cultivation of poliomyelitis virus in vitro in human embryonic nervous tissue.
Isolation and propagation of the poliomyelitis virus in pure culture.
GMN 4670.6 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/868
1937 KENNY, Elizabeth (1886 – 1952)
Infantile paralysis and cerebral diplegia: Methods used for the restoration of function.
GMN 4671 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/870
1939 ARMSTRONG, Charles (1886 – 1967)
Successful transfer of the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus from the cotton rat to the white mouse.
Armstrong adapted the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis to the cotton rat and then to the mouse, greatly facilitating experimental work on the disease.
GMN 4671.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/878
1949 ENDERS, John Franklin (1897 – 1985); WELLER, Thomas Huckle (1915 – 2008); ROBBINS, Frederick Chapman (1916 – 2003)
Cultivation of the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus in cultures of various human embryonic tissues.
Enders, Weller, and Robbins grew the poliomyelitis virus in cultures of different tissues. Their method proved of great value in virus research, and removed the final obstacles to vaccine production. In 1974 Enders, W…
GMN 4671.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/874
1951 SALMONSEN, Ella Maud (1885 – 1971); FISHBEIN, Morris (1889 – 1976); HEKTOEN, Ludvig (1863 – 1951)
A bibliography of infantile paralysis 1789-1949. With selected abstracts and annotations. 2nd edition.
An exhaustive list of books and papers.
GMN 4672.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/900
1952 HAMMON, William McDowell (1904 – 1989); ET AL
Evaluation of Red Cross gamma globulin as a prophylactic agent for poliomyelitis.
Trial of gamma globulin in the prophylaxis of poliomyelitis. With L. L. Coriell, J. Stokes, P. F. Wehrle, and C. R. Klimt.
GMN 4672 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/881
1952 KOPROWSKI, Hilary (1916 – 2013); ET AL
Immune responses in human volunteers upon oral administration of a rodent-adapted strain of poliomyelitis virus.
Successful immunization against poliomyelitis with a living attenuated virus vaccine. With G. A. Jervis and T. W. Norton.
GMN 4672.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/885
1952 ENDERS, John Franklin (1897 – 1985); WELLER, Thomas Huckle (1915 – 2008); ROBBINS, Frederick Chapman (1916 – 2003); ET AL
Studies on the cultivation of poliomyelitis viruses in tissue culture.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Weller, Enders, Robbins. In this paper the authors describe their improved method for culturing poliomyelitis viruses in "normal kidney tissue." Followed by Robbins, We…
GMN 11103 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13299
1953 SALK, Jonas Edward (1914 – 1995); ET AL
Studies in human subjects on active immunization against poliomyelitis. 1. A preliminary report of experiments in progress.
Killed-virus vaccine. With four co-authors.
GMN 4672.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/889
1955 SABIN, Albert Bruce (1906 – 1993)
Immunization of chimpanzees and human beings with avirulent strains of poliomyelitis virus.
Sabin reported the successful immunization of chimpanzees by oral and I.M. route using the Brunhilde, Mahoney and Leon strains of polio virus. On p. 1055 he reported the experimental results on humans given a "single …
GMN 4672.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/894
1955 SCHAFFER, Frederick Leland (1921 – ); SCHWERDT, Carlton Everett (1917 – 1995)
Crystallization of purified MEF-1 poliomyelitis virus particles.
First crystallization of an animal virus.
GMN 2527.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3471
1971 PAUL, John Rodman (1893 – 1971)
A history of poliomyelitis.
GMN 4672.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/937
2013 WILLIAMS, Gareth
Paralysed with fear: The story of polio.
GMN 10219 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12409
