2012 DOUDNA, Jennifer Anne (1964 – ); CHARPENTIER, Emmanuelle (1968 – ); JINEK, Martin; CHYLINSKI, Krzysztof; FONFARA, Ines; HAUER, Michael
A programmable dual RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Jinek, Chylinski, Fonfar, Hauer, Doudna, Charpentier. Doudna, Charpentier and colleagues showed for the first time that the CRISPR evolutionary immune tool of bacteria …
GMN 11844 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14048
2013 DOUDNA, Jennifer Anne (1964 – ); JINEK, Martin; CHENG, Aaron; EAST, Alexandra; ET AL
RNA-programmed genome editing in human cells.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Jinek, East, Cheng...Doudna. Doudna and colleagues presented the first demonstration that the CRISPR Cas/Cas9 bacterial editing tool functions could be applied in human…
GMN 11845 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14049
2013 CONG, Le; RAN, F. Ann; COX, David; ZHANG, Feng (1981 – ); ET AL
Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Cong, Ran, Cox....Zhang. Zhang and colleagues edited the genome of human and mouse cells (mammalian cells). Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link. (Thanks t…
GMN 11846 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14050
2013 MALI, Prashant; YANG, Luhan; ESVELT, Kevin Michael; CHURCH, George McDonald (1954 – ); ET AL
RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Mali, Yang, Esvelt....Church. Church and colleagues reported genome editing in human cells. Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for…
GMN 11847 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14051
2013 ADEY, Andrew C.; BURTON, Joshua N.; KLITZMAN, Jacob O.; ET AL
The haplotype-resolved genome and epigenome of the aneuploidy HeLa cancer cell line.
Adey and colleagues sequenced the haplotype-resolved whole genome of the HeLa cancer cell line. This showed a highly rearranged region at chromosome 8q24.21, where an integration locus of the HPV (human papillomavirus…
GMN 14101 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16412
2014 PÄÄBO, Svante (1955 – )
The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains.
First complete sequence of a Neanderthal genome. With more than 20 co-authors. In 2022 Pääbo was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and hu…
GMN 7289 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9459
2014 THE INTERNATIONAL GLOSSINA GENOME INITIATIVE
Genome sequence of the Tsetse Fly (Glossina morsitans): Vector of African Tyrpanosomiasis.
The Internation Glossina Genome Initiative consisted of 179 collaborators. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
GMN 11340 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13538
2014 TSIAMIS, George; FALCHETTO, Marco; BRELSFOARD, Corey; ET AL
Presence of extensive Wolbachia symbiont insertions discovered in the genome of its host Glossina morsitans morsitans.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Brelsfoard, Tsiamis, Falchetto....The authors suggested that infection by Wolbachia may give a reproductive advantage to the fly that carries the parasite causing Sleep…
GMN 11341 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13539
2014 WILSON, Michael R.; NACCACHE, Samia N.; SAMAYOA, Erik; CHIU, Charles Y.; ET AL
Actionable diagnosis of neuroleptospirosis by next-generation sequencing.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Wilson, Naccache, Samayoa...Chiu. This research demonstrated the value of "next-generation-sequencing" in the diagnosis of a specific meningoencephalitis, a disease whi…
GMN 11397 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13596
2014 DOUDNA, Jennifer Anne (1964 – ); CHARPENTIER, Emmanuelle (1968 – )
The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9.
Order of authorship in the original paper: Doubna, Charpenter. "Abstract "The advent of facile genome engineering using the bacterial RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 system in animals and plants is transforming biology. We rev…
GMN 11849 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14053
2014 NIU, Yuyu; SHEN, Bin; CUI, Yiqiang; ET AL
Generation of gene-modified Cynomolgus monkey via CAS9/RNA-mediated gene targeting in one-cell embryos.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Niu, Shen, Cui. The authors presented the first evidence that CRISPR can work in primates. Open Archive version available from Cell at this link. "Summary "Monkeys serv…
GMN 11863 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14067
2014 WLODAWER, Alexander; JASKOLSKI, Mariuz; DAUTER, Zbigniew
A brief history of macromolecular crystallography, illustrated by a family tree and its Nobel fruits.
Free access from FEBS Press at this link.
GMN 14024 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16331
2015 JACKSON, Myles W. (1964 – )
The genealogy of a gene: Patents, HIV/AIDS, and race.
"Myles Jackson uses the story of the CCR5 gene to investigate the interrelationships among science, technology, and society. Mapping the varied “genealogy” of CCR5—intellectual property, natural selection, Big and Sma…
GMN 11368 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13567
2015 WHITWORTH, Kristin Marie; ROWLAND, Raymond R. R.; EWEN, Catherine L.; PRATHER, Randall S.; ET AL
Gene-edited pigs are protected from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Whitworth, Rowland, Ewen, ... Prather. Using the CRISPR Cas molecular gene-editing tool, Prather and colleagues edited the gene that codes for the CD163 protein in adul…
GMN 11848 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14052
2015 LIANG, Puping; ZHANG, Xiya; XU, Yanwen; ET AL
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human tripronuclear zygotes.
This paper was rejected by both Nature and Science partly for "ethical objections." When published it immediately triggered worldwide controversy among scientists and the public. This was the first application of the …
GMN 11864 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14068
2015 GRANT, Peter Raymond (1936 – ); GRANT, Barbara Rosemary (1936 – ); LAMICHHANEY, Sangeet; BERGLUND, Jonas; ET AL
Evolution of Darwin’s finches and their beaks revealed by genome sequencing.
The authors sequenced the genome of 120 individuals representing all of Darwin’s finches. They found that a 240 kilobase haplotype encompassing the ALX1 gene, which encodes a transcription factor affecting craniofacia…
GMN 14067 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16378
2016 GRANDE, Laura; MICHELACCI, Valeria; BONDI, Roslen; ET AL
Whole-genome characterization and strain comparison of VT2f-producing Escherichia coli causing hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Grande, Michelacci, Bondi.... Demonstration that a phage infecting E. coli conveys the genes into the E. coli that code for the production of the verotoxin that causes …
GMN 11409 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13608
2017 GRUBAUGH, Nathan D.; LADNER, Jason T.; KRAEMER, Moritz U.G.; ET AL
Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of Zika virus into the United States.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Grubaugh, Ladner, Kraemer. The authors found that the Zika virus was introduced into Florida at least 4 times, but perhaps as many as 40 times, before it was detected, …
GMN 10945 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13141
2017 GAUDELLI, Nicole M.; KOMOR, Alexis C.; REES, Holly; LIU, David Ruchien (1973 – ); ET AL
Programmable base editing of A-T to G-C.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Gaudelli, Komor, Rees....Liu. Liu and colleagues developed an advanced CRISPR system that can edit pairings of DNA nucleotide bases Adenine and Thymine into Guanine and…
GMN 11865 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14069
2018 REICH, David (1973 – )
Who we are and how we got here: Ancient DNA and the new science of the human past.
GMN 10145 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12334
2018 PÄÄBO, Svante (1955 – ); SLON, Viviane; MAFESSONI, Fabrizio; VERNOT, Benjamin; ET AL
The genome of the offspring of a Neanderthal mother and a Denisovan father.
Paleogenomic study of a single bone fragment from a female hominin found in the Denisova Cave in the Altai mountains of Russia provided "direct evidence for genetic mixture between Neanderthals and Denisovans on at le…
GMN 14099 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16410
2018 SZYMANOWSKI, Julius Alfons Nikolai (1829 – 1868); KIMSEY, Isaac J.; AL-HASHIMI, Hashim M.; ET AL
Dynamic basis for dG•dT misincorporation via tautomerization and ionization.
In 1953 Watson and Crick proposed that rarely formed isomers of DNA bases cause spontaneous mutations to occur during the copying of DNA. Such mutations would be easily accommodated because tautomeric mispairs do not …
GMN 14151 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16466
2019 ARMSTRONG, Gregory L.; MACCANNELL, Duncan R.; TAYLOR, Jill; ET AL
Pathogen genomics in public health.
"An important transformation is under way in public health. Next-generation sequencing (also called “high-throughput sequencing”) is reshaping communicable disease surveillance, allowing for earlier detection and more…
GMN 11398 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13597
2019 ALMEIDA, Alexandre; MITCHELL, Alex L.; BOLAND, Miguel; ET AL
A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Almeida, Mitchell, Boland.... Abstract: "The composition of the human gut microbiota is linked to health and disease, but knowledge of individual microbial species is n…
GMN 11462 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13661
2019 LIU, David Ruchien (1973 – ); ANZALONE, Andrew V.; RANDOLPH, Peyton B.; DAVIS, Jessie R.; ET AL
Search-and-replace genome editing without double-stranded breaks or donor DNA.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Anzalone, Randolph, Davis....Liu. Liu and colleagues modified the CRISPR tool to create the "prime editing" or precise genome editing technique. Working with human and …
GMN 11866 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14070
2020 DOUDNA, Jennifer Anne (1964 – )
The promise and challenge of therapeutic genome editing.
A review of the scope of potential genome editing applications, the strategies from the most basic (2012) to the most recent (i.e. No. 11866), the current status of tissue specific delivery, accuracy, precision and sa…
GMN 11867 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14071
2020 HAMPTON, Hannah G.; WATSON, Bridget N. J.; FINERAN, Peter C.
The arms race between bacteria and their phage foes.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Hampton, Watson, Fineran. Summarizes, and documents with 173 references, the extensive research on the multitude of methods that bacteriophages use to disable the CRISP…
GMN 11868 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14072
2020 MENDOZA, Senen D.; NIEWEGLOWSKA, Eliza S.; GOVINDARAJAN, Sutharsan; ET AL
A bacteriophage nucleus like compartment shields DNA from CRISPR nucleases.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Mendoza, Nieweglowska, Govindarajan. The authors showed that the large phage that specifically infects a Pseudomonas bacterium segregates its DNA, which the phage CRISP…
GMN 11876 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14080
2020 DOUDNA, Jennifer Anne (1964 – ); AL-SHAYEB, Basem; SACHDEVA, Rohan; CHEN, Lin-Xin; ET AL
Clades of huge phages from across Earth's ecosystems.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Al-Shayeb, Sachdeva, Chen.... Doudna. Open access, available from nature.com at this link. This paper was a collaboration of about 50 scientists of diverse regions and …
GMN 11877 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14081
2020 MORANGE, Michel (1950 – )
The black box of biology: A history of the molecular revolution. Translated by Matthew Cobb.
"The Black Box of Biology shows that what led to the incredible transformation of biology was not a simple accumulation of new results, but the molecularization of a large part of biology. In fact, Morange argues, the…
GMN 12639 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14880
2020 SENIOR, Andrew W.; EVANS, Richard; JUMPER, John; ET AL
Improved protein structure prediction using potentials from deep learning.
Order of authorship in the original paper: Senior, Evans, Jumper. ABSTRACT: "Protein structure prediction can be used to determine the three-dimensional shape of a protein from its amino acid sequence. This problem is…
GMN 13106 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15359
2020 WRAPP, Daniel; WANG, Nianshuang; CORBETT, Kizzmekia Shanta (1986 – ); GRAHAM, Barney S.; ET AL
Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation.
Posted online on February 17, 2020. 2019-nCoV was an interim name for the Novel Coronavirus. These studies, which included the 3D structure of the RBD (receptor binding domain) within the S protein, provided informati…
GMN 13483 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15757
2020 HOLMES, Edward Charles (1965 – ); ZHANG, Yong-Zhen (Zhang Yongzhen) (1964 – )
Novel 2019 coronavirus genome.
https://virological.org/t/novel-2019-coronavirus-genome/319 "Novel 2019 coronavirus genome "10th January 2020 "This posting is communicated by Edward C. Holmes, University of Sydney on behalf of the consortium led by …
GMN 13485 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15759
2020 EVANS, John H. (1965 – )
The human gene editing debate.
"Provides a history of the debate about gene editing, a summary of the ethics, and a proposal for moving forward. Re-conceptualizes the historical discussion about gene editing in the context of today's widespread use…
GMN 13776 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16063
2020 PÄÄBO, Svante (1955 – ); ZEBERG, Hugo
The major genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19 is inherited from Neanderthals.
Expanding on previous findings by a genome wide association study of severe COVID-19, specifically with respiratory failure which had found that a gene cluster residing on chromosome 3 had a significant association wi…
GMN 14098 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16409
2020 NAKANE, Takanore; KOTECHA, Abhay; SENTE, Andrija; ET AL
Single particle cryo-EM at atomic resolution.
The authors located individual atoms with a protein molecule for the first time using cryo-EM. This was the highest resolution imaging of a single protein molecule achieved to date using cryo-EM. Order of authorship o…
GMN 14185 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16501
2021 FRANGOUL, Haydar A.; ALTSHULER, David Matthew (1964 – ); CAPPELLINI, Maria Domenica; ET AL
CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for sickle cell disease and ß-thalassemia.
First application of CRISPR gene editing in the successful cure of diseases. Order of authorship in the original publication: Frangoul, Altshuler, Cappellini. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpret…
GMN 13478 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15752
2021 EVANS, Richard; JUMPER, John; HASSABIS, Demis (1976 – ); ET AL
Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold.
Abstract: "Proteins are essential to life, and understanding their structure can facilitate a mechanistic understanding of their function. Through an enormous experimental effort1,2,3,4, the structures of around 100,0…
GMN 14026 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16333
2021 LIU, David Ruchien (1973 – ); COLLINS, Francis Sellers (1950 – ); KOBLAN, Luke W.; ERDOS, Michael R.; WILSON, Christopher; ET AL
In vivo base editing rescues Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome in mice.
Using the base editor enzyme developed by Liu (GM11865), the authors report that they can “correct the pathogenic HGPS mutation in cultured fibroblasts derived from children with progeria and in a mouse model of HGPS.…
GMN 14218 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16535
2022 NURK, Sergei; KOREN, Sergei; RHIE, Arang; MIGA, Karen Elizabeth Hayden; ET AL
The complete sequence of a human genome.
The first sequence of the complete human genome, telomere to telomere, including transcriptional and epigenetic state of the repeat elements, adding 8% novel genome information left unresolved since the 2001 draft seq…
GMN 14022 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16329
2022 VIRADI, Mihaly; ANYANGO, Stephen; VELANKAR, Sameer; ET AL
AlphaFold Protein Structure Database: massively expanding the structural coverage of protein-sequence space with high-accuracy models.
Abstract: "The AlphaFold Protein Structure Database (AlphaFold DB, https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk) is an openly accessible, extensive database of high-accuracy protein-structure predictions. Powered by AlphaFold v2.0 of …
GMN 14027 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16334
12963 PAULING, Linus Carl (1901 – 1994); ZUCKERKANDL, Émile (1922 – 2013)
Chemical paleogenetics: Molecular "restoration studies' of extinct forms of life.
Coinage of the term "paleogenetics" in what may be the first publication on the possibility of reconstructing extinct life forms through molecular biology. "Attention is attracted to the possibility of reconstructing …
GMN 14368 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16700
