1971 BOYER, Herbert Wayne (1936 – )
DNA restriction and modification mechanisms in bacteria.
In this single author paper Boyer isolated, characterized and named the enzyme that Arber No. 12028 had observed and described in terms of its basic action on DNA. Boyer called it the “fi R-factor restriction endonucl…
GMN 12029 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14237
1972 JACKSON, David Archer (1942 – ); SYMONS, Robert Henry (1934 – 2006); BERG, Paul (1926 – )
Biochemical method for inserting new genetic information into DNA of simian virus 40: Circular SV40 DNA molecules containing Lambda phage genes and the galactose operon of Escherichia coli.
First recombinant DNA molecules generated. Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link. In 1980 Berg was awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic a…
GMN 257.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8713
1972 MERTZ, Janet E. (1949 – ); DAVIS, Ronald Wayne (1941 – )
Cleavage of DNA by R1 restriction endonuclease generates cohesive ends.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Mertz, Davis. Mertz discovered that DNA ends generated by cutting with the EcoRI restriction enzyme are “sticky”, permitting any two such DNAs to be readily “recombined…
GMN 12030 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14238
1973 LOBBAN, Peter E.; KAISER, Armin Dale (1927 – )
Enzymatic end-to-end joining of DNA molecules.
"The idea of recombinant DNA was first proposed by Peter Lobban, a graduate student of Prof. Dale Kaiser in the Biochemistry Department at Stanford University Medical School" (Wikipedia article recombinant DNA, access…
GMN 257.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8714
1973 COHEN, Stanley Norman (1935 – ); CHANG, Annie C.Y. (1936 – ); HELLING, Robert Bruce (1936 – 2006); BOYER, Herbert Wayne (1936 – )
Construction of biologically functional bacterial plasmids in vitro.
Cohen, Boyer and associates developed the first practical method for cloning genes, by the formation of recombinant plasmids which can be used to infect plasmid-free bacteria. The authors demonstrated that if DNA is f…
GMN 257.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8715
1974 COHEN, Stanley Norman (1935 – ); CHANG, Annie C.Y. (1936 – )
Genome construction between bacterial species in vitro: Replication and expression of staphylococcus plasmid genes in Escherichia coli.
Creation of the first transgenic organism: expression of Staphylococcus aureus genes in Escherichia coli. Digital facsimile from pnas.org at this link.
GMN 10047 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12236
1974 COHEN, Stanley Norman (1935 – ); CHANG, Annie C.Y. (1936 – )
Genome construction between bacterial species in vitro: Replication and expression of staphylococcus plasmid genes in Escherichia coli.
Confirmation of the success of methods outlined in No. 257.5. Abstract: "Genes carried by EcoRI endonuclease-generated fragments of Staphylococcus plasmid DNA have been covalently joined to the E. coli antibiotic-resi…
GMN 10963 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13159
1977 BOYER, Herbert Wayne (1936 – ); ITAKURA, Keiichi (1942 – ); HIROSE, Tadaaki; CREA, Roberto; BOLÍVAR ZAPATA, Francisco Gonzalo (1948 – ); ET AL
Expression in Escherichia coli of a chemically synthesized gene for the hormone somatostatin.
Order of authorship in the original paper: Itakura, Hirose, Crea..., Bolivar, Boyer. Synthesis of the gene for somatostatin (growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH). This was the first demonstration of a foreign gene…
GMN 10964 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13160
1977 BOYER, Herbert Wayne (1936 – ); BETLACH, Mary C.; RODRIGUEZ, Raymond L.; BOLÍVAR ZAPATA, Francisco Gonzalo (1948 – ); ET AL
The construction of molecular cloning vehicles. II. A multipurpose cloning system.
Order of authorship in the original publication Bolivar, Rodriguez, Betlach...Boyer...The authors describe the composition and molecular construction of pBR-322 (named after Bolivar and Rodriguez) and call it "the mos…
GMN 12031 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14239
1979 AXEL, Richard (1946 – ); SILVERSTEIN, Saul J.; WIGLER, Michael Howard (1947 – ); ET AL
Transformation of mammalian cells with genes from procaryotes and eucaryotes.
Axel, along with microbiologist Saul J. Silverstein and geneticist Michael H. Wigler, discovered a technique of cotransformation via transfection. This process, which allows foreign DNA to be inserted into a host cell…
GMN 13929 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16223
1979 GOEDDEL, David V. (1951 – ); KLEID, Dennis G.; CREA, Roberto; BOLÍVAR ZAPATA, Francisco Gonzalo (1948 – ); ET AL
Expression in Escherichia coli of chemically synthesized genes for human insulin (plasmid construction / lac operon / fused proteins / radioimmunoassay / peptide purification).
Working at Genentech, Kleid and Goeddel and colleagues were the first scientists to apply genetic engineering techniques, incorporating chemically synthesized DNA encoding human insulin into E. coli, that expressed, a…
GMN 13980 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16283
