1960 MOORE, Stanford (1913 – 1982); STEIN, William Howard (1911 – 1980); HIRS, C. H. W.

The sequence of the amino acid residues in performic acid-oxidized ribonuclease.

In 1959 Moore and Stein announced the first determination of the complete amino acid sequence of an enzyme, ribonuclease. In 1972 Moore and Stein shared half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Christian B. Anfinsen …

GMN 14306 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16631

1963 ANFINSEN, Christian Boehmer Jr. (1916 – 1995); EPSTEIN, Charles Joseph (1933 – 2011); GOLDBERGER, Robert Frank (1934 – 2003)

The genetic control of tertiary protein structure studies with mode systems.

In 1972 Anfinsen shared half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Stanford Moore and William H. Stein for "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and biologi…

GMN 14305 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16630

1974 BOYER, Paul Delos (1918 – 2018)

"Conformational Coupling in Biological Energy Transductions." In L. Ernster et al. (eds.), Dynamics of Energy-Transducing Membranes, pp. 289-301.

In 1997 Boyer shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with John Walker and Jens C. Skou “for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).” The Nobel Prize committe…

GMN 14315 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16640

1993 RUVKUN, Gary Bruce (1952 – ); WIGHTMAN, Bruce; HA, I

Posttranscriptional regulation of the heterochronic gene lin-14 by lin-4 mediates temporal pattern formation in C. elegans.

The authors cloned and generated the sequence of the lin-14 gene. They discovered that a segment in lin-14 mRNA (messenger RNA), was necessary for its inhibition by lin-4. Ruvkun and Ambros (No. 14010) then compared r…

GMN 14301 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16626

1994 WALKER, Sir John Ernest (1941 – ); ABRAHAMS, Jan Pieter; LESLIE, Andrew Grieg William; LUTTER, René

Structure at 2.8 Â resolution of F1-ATPase from bovine heart mitochondria.

Walker used X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of ATP synthase (ATPase or adenosine triphosphatase). In 1997 Walker shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Paul Boyer and Jens C. Skou “for their elucida…

GMN 14314 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16639

2000 DAVIES, Douglas R.; GORYSHIN, Igor Y.; REZNIKOFF, William S.; ET AL

Three dimensional structure of the Tn5 synaptic complex transposition intermediate.

The authors provided a molecular framework for understanding transposition phenomena at the molecular level, including molecular images at 2.3Å resolution of the Tn5 transposase complexed to its respective Tn5 transpo…

GMN 14073 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16384

2000 RUVKUN, Gary Bruce (1952 – ); PASQUINELLI, Amy E.; REINHART, Brenda J.; SLACK, Frank J.

Conservation of the sequence and temporal expression of let-7 heterochronic regulatory RNA.

Working with the let-7 gene, the authors led by Ruvkun showed that microRNA encoded by the let-7 gene was highly conserved, and present throughout the animal kingdom, proving that gene regulation by microRNA is univer…

GMN 14302 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16627

2003 COLLINS, Francis Sellers (1950 – ); ERIKSSON, Maria; BROWN, William Ted; GORDON, Leslie Beth; ET AL

Recurrent de novo point mutations in lamin A cause Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome.

The authors showed that mutations in lamin A (LMNA) are the cause of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria sundrom (HGPS). At the end of their abstract they stated that "The discovery of the molecular basis of this disease may …

GMN 14217 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16533