1959 KREBS, Edwin Gerhard (1918 – 2009); GRAVES, Donald J. (1931 – 2007); FISCHER, Edmond Henri (1920 – 2021)

Factors affecting the activity of muscle phosphorylase b kinase.

In 1992 Krebs and Fischer were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism." Digital facsimile from PubMe…

GMN 14141 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16455

1969 LIPMANN, Fritz Albert (1899 – 1986); TAO, Mariano (1938 – 2022)

Isolation of adenyl cyclase from Escherichia coli.

Lipmann and Tao isolated, purified, and characterized biochemically an enzyme which they called "adenyl cyclase." They stated that this enzyme is responsible for producing "cyclic AMP" in E. coli. Digital facsimile fr…

GMN 14142 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16456

1977 GILMAN, Alfred Goodman (1941 – 2015); ROSS, Elliot M.

Resolution of some components of adenylate cyclase necessary for catalytic activity.

Goodman shared the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Martin Rodbell "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells." In this paper Goodman and Ross show…

GMN 14143 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16457

1978 GILMAN, Alfred Goodman (1941 – 2015); ROSS, Elliot M.; HOWLETT, Allyn C.; FERGUSON, Kenneth M.

Reconstitution of hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity with resolved components of the enzyme.

Gilman and colleagues showed that G proteins are in the cell membrane and are stimulated once a ligand (adrenaline) binds the adrenergic receptor. This system can then activate adenyl cyclase to form cyclic AMP. Digit…

GMN 14144 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16458

1983 LEFKOWITZ, Robert Joseph (1943 – ); STILES, Gary L.; STRASSER, Ruth H.; CARON, Marc G. (1946 – 2022)

Mammalian beta-adrenergic receptors. Structural differences in beta 1 and beta 2 subtypes revealed by peptide maps.

Lefkowitz and colleagues showed that there are two different types of beta receptors, distinguishing them as Beta-1 and Beta-2. They noticed that each has specific pharmacological characteristics. Order of authorship …

GMN 14140 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16454

2011 RASMUSSEN, Søren G. F.; DEVREE, Brian T.; KOBILKA, Brian Kent (1955 – ); ET AL

Crystal structure of the β2 adrenergic receptor–Gs protein complex.

Kobilka and colleagues published the crystal structure of a beta-2 receptor forming a complex with the G protein coupled receptor. This was the first time that a complete complex of an active receptor and it's Gs prot…

GMN 14134 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16445

2011 RASMUSSEN, Søren G. F.; KOBILKA, Brian Kent (1955 – ); CHUNG, Ka Young; ET AL

Conformational changes in the G protein Gs induced by the β2 adrenergic receptor.

Using X ray crystallographic techniques and electron microscopy, Kobilka (Nobel Prize 2012) and colleagues described the very complex nucleotide exchange and interactions at the molecular level of the alpha subunit of…

GMN 14135 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16446