1798 JENNER, Edward (1749 – 1823)
An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae vaccinae.
Jenner established the fact that a “vaccination” or inoculation with vaccinia (cowpox) lymph matter protects against smallpox. He performed his first vaccination on May 14, 1796. The above work, describing 23 successf…
GMN 2529.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7353
1800 –1802 WATERHOUSE, Benjamin (1754 – 1846)
A prospect of exterminating the small-pox, being the history of the variolae vaccinae, or kine-pox, commonly called the cow-pox; as it has appeared in England: With an account of a series of inoculations performed for the kine-pox in Massachusetts. [Part II:] A prospect of exterminating the small pox part II, being a continuation of a narrative of facts concerning the progress of the new inoculation in America; together with practical observations on the local appearance, symptoms, and mode of treating the variola vaccina, or kine pock; including some letters to the author, from distinguished characters, on the subject of this benign remedy, now passing with a rapid step through all ranks of society in Europe and America.
Waterhouse introduced Jennerian vaccination into the U.S.A. He vaccinated his own child as his first case. See J. B. Blake, Benjamin Waterhouse and the introduction of vaccination. A reappraisal. Philadelphia, 1957. D…
GMN 5424 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7359
1802 COXE, John Redman (1773 – 1864)
Practical observations on vaccination: or inoculation for the cow pock.
Coxe did much to destroy ignorant prejudice against vaccination; he was the first in Philadelphia to practice it. Like Waterhouse, he inoculated his own child as his first case.
GMN 5425 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7362
1803 MOREAU DE LA SARTHE, Jacques-Louis (1771 – 1826); BALMIS, Francisco Javier de (1793 – 1819)
Tratado histórico y práctico de la vacuna que contiene en compendio el orígen y los resultados de las observaciones y experimentos sobre la vacuna, con un exámen imparcial de sus ventajas, y de las objeciones que se le han puesto, con todo lo demás que concierne á la práctica del nuevo modo de inocular. [Translated From the French by] Francisco Xavier de Balmis.
On November 30, 1803 Spanish physician Francisco Javier de Balmis and his team embarked from Spain, on an expedition to vaccinate the people of Spanish America against smallpox. This three year voyage, which became kn…
GMN 8006 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10182
1806 DUVILLARD, Emmanuel Etienne (1755 – 1832)
Analyse et tableaux de l’influence de la petite vérole sur la mortalité à chaque âge, et de celle qu’un préservatif tel que la vaccine peut avoir sur la population et la longevité.
Duvillard showed statistically the effect of smallpox vaccination on the mortality rate. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 1695 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2441
1889 CROOKSHANK, Edgar March (1858 – 1928)
History and pathology of vaccination. 2 vols.
This very full history of the subject caused a good deal of controversy; see the review of it in Lancet, 1890, 1, 470-72. Crookshank was an opponent of vaccination.
GMN 5435 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7431
1889 CREIGHTON, Charles (1847 – 1927); JENNER, Edward (1749 – 1823)
Jenner and vaccination: A strange chapter of medical history.
Creighton, one of the founders of epidemiology, disputed the germ theory of infectious disease, and became "one of the anti-vaccination movement's 'most ardent and distinguished spokesmen.' Creighton argued that vacci…
GMN 12348 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14572
1899 COPEMAN, Sydney Arthur Monckton (1862 – 1947)
Vaccination, its natural history and pathology.
Milroy Lectures, Royal College of Physicians, 1898. Copeman’s bacteriological studies permanently determined the validity of vaccination as a preventive of smallpox.
GMN 5429 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7383
1904 MAGRATH, George Burgess (1870 – 1938); BRINCKERHOFF, Walter Remsen (1875 – 1911)
On experimental variola in the monkey.
Inoculation of smallpox into the monkey. An earlier report of successful inoculation by W. Zuelzer (Zbl. med. Wiss., 1874, 12, 82) is not generally accepted.
GMN 5429.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7391
1909 JAMES, Sydney Price (1870 – 1946)
Smallpox and vaccination in British India.
Includes the history of the introduction of vaccination in India from 1799 onward. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 13795 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16082
1971 FOEGE, William Herbert (1936 – ); MILLAR, John Donald (1934 – 2015); LANE, John Michael (1936 – 2020)
Selective epidemiologic control in smallpox eradication.
Foege showed that "ring containment", selective vaccination of those at greatest risk, in closest proximity to an outbreak, was more effective in eradicating smallpox than mass vaccination.
GMN 13787 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16074
1980 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
The global eradication of smallpox. Final report of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication.
On 8 May 1980, the World Health Organization officially announced that “smallpox eradication has been achieved throughout the world”. The upper cover of this report reproduces an electron micrograph of a specimen of v…
GMN 5434.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8621
