1674 WELSCH, Georg Hieronymous (Velschius) (1624 – 1677)

Exercitatio de vena Medinensi, ad mentem Ebn Sinae [Ibn Sina] sive de dracunaculis veterum. Specimen exhibens novae versionis ex Arabico, cum commentario uberiori. Cui accedit altera, de vermiculis capillaribus infantium.

An exhaustive survey of dracontiasis, or guinea worm disease, based on the Arabic writings of Avicenna. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

GMN 5336.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6702

1770 MONGIN

Sur un ver trouvé sous la conjunctive, à Maribou, isle Saint-Domingue.

First description of the worm Loa loa. Mongin was a French surgeon working in the West Indies. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1).

GMN 5336.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6706

1795 CHISHOLM, Colin (1755 – 1825)

An essay on the malignant pestilential fever introduced into the West Indian Islands from Boullam, on the coast of Guinea, as it appeared in 1793 and 1794.

Chisholm, "Surgeon to his Majesty's Ordnance in Grenada," was apparently the first to observe the mode of transmission of the Guinea worm, Dracunculus medinensis. Chishom was also one of the first to recognize that th…

GMN 5336.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6710

1821 TIEDEMANN, Friedrich (1781 – 1861)

Description of the calcified cysts of trichinosis in human muscle. (A brief notice with no title).

GMN 5336.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8610

1833 HILTON, John (1804 – 1878)

Notes of a peculiar appearance observed in human muscle, probably depending upon the formation of very small cysticerci.

Hilton described Trichinella spiralis and suggested its parasitic nature.

GMN 5336.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6718

1835 OWEN, Sir Richard (1804 – 1892); PAGET, Sir James (1814 – 1899)

Description of a microscopic entozoon infesting the muscles of the human body.

While a first-year student at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, James Paget discovered trichina in muscle during dissection. Richard Owen, his teacher, named it Trichina spiralis and published an account, barely mentioning …

GMN 5337 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6724

1843 DUBINI, Angelo (1813 – 1902)

Nuovo verme intestinale umano (Agchylostoma duodenale), constituente un sesto genere dei nematoidei proprii dell’uomo.

Dubini first found the hookworm of ankylostomiasis in 1838. His account of 1843, describing it, named it Agchylostoma duodenale, a name etymologically erroneous. Partial English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1).

GMN 5353 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6935

1845 SIEBOLD, Carl Theodor Ernst von [Karl] (1804 – 1885)

Bericht über die Leistungen im Gebiete der Helminthologie während des Jahres 1843 und 1844.

Siebold classified the hookworm as belonging to the Strongyloidae (pp. 220-21).

GMN 5354 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6939

1846 LEIDY, Joseph (1823 – 1891)

Entozoon in the superficial part of the extensor muscles of the thigh of the hog. Abstract

First description of trichinosis in the pig.

GMN 5338 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8611

1851 HERBST, Ernst Friedrich Gustav (1803 – 1893)

Beobachtungen über Trichina spiralis in Betriff der Uebertragung der Eingeweidewürmer.

Herbst was the first to demonstrate that an animal eating trichinous flesh would thereby develop trichinae in its own muscles. English translation of part I in Kean (No. 2268.1).

GMN 5338.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6737

1852 BILHARZ, Theodor Maximilian (1825 – 1862)

Ein Beitrag zur Helminthographia humana aus brieflichen Mittheilungen des Dr. Bilharz in Cairo, nebst Bemerkungen von C. T. v. Siebold.

Discovery, in 1851, of Schistosoma haematobium, the parasite of bilharziasis. Bilharz was Professor of Zoology at Cairo. English translation in Rev. infect. Dis., 1984, 4, 727-32, and in Kean (No. 2268.1).

GMN 5339 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8612

1854 SIEBOLD, Carl Theodor Ernst von [Karl] (1804 – 1885)

Ueber die Band-und Blasenwürmer.

Siebold succeeded in infecting dogs with Taenia echinococcus. Translation by T. H. Huxley Sydenham Society London, 1857.

GMN 5340 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6745

1854 GRIESINGER, Wilhelm (1817 – 1868)

Klinische und anatomische Beobachtungen über die Krankheiten von Aegypten.

Griesinger connected the worm of ankylostomiasis with Egyptian chlorosis, a condition in which the worm had previously been noted without its being considered the causal agent (pp. 555-61). Apparently Bilharz in 1853 …

GMN 5355 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6943

1855 KÜCHENMEISTER, Gottlob Friedrich Heinrich (1821 – 1890)

Die in und an dem Körper des lebenden Menschen vorkommenden Parasiten. Ein Lehr- und Handbuch der Diagnose und Behandlung der thierischen und pflanzlichen Parasiten des Menschen. Zum Gebrauche für Studirende der Medicin und der Naturwissenschaften, für Lehrer der Zoologie, Botanik, Physiologie, pathologischen Anatomie und für praktische Ärzte. 2 vols.

English translation of 2nd ed. by Edwin Ray Lankester as On animal and vegetable parasites of the human body: A manual of their natural history, diagnosis, and treatment. 2 vols. London: Sydenham Society, 1857. Digita…

GMN 5341 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6749

1860 ZENKER, Friedrich Albert von (1825 – 1898)

Ueber die Trichinen-Krankheit des Menschen.

The intestinal and muscular forms of trichinosis were first noted by Zenker, who established their connection with the disease. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1).

GMN 5342 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6753

1860 LEUCKART, Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolf (1823 – 1898)

Untersuchungen über Trichina spiralis.

Leuckart provided an articulate and detailed description of Trichinella spiralis.

GMN 5343 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6759

1862 –1876 LEUCKART, Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolf (1823 – 1898)

Die menschlichen Parasiten und die von ihnen herrührenden Krankheiten. 2 vols.

Includes the first complete and accurate account of the life history and morphology of Taenia echinococcus. Leuckart proved the relationship between hydatid cysts and minute tape-worms in dogs. English translation, Ed…

GMN 2453 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2973

1862 FRIEDREICH, Nikolaus (1825 – 1882)

Ein Beitrag zur Pathologie der Trichinenkrankheit beim Menschen.

First confirmed diagnosis of trichinosis in a living person.

GMN 5344.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6765

1863 BASTIAN, Henry Charlton (1837 – 1915)

On the structure and nature of the Dracunculus or Guinea worm.

First detailed description.

GMN 5344.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6768

1863 DEMARQUAY, Jean Nicolas (1811 – 1875)

Note sur une tumeur des bourses contenant un liquide laiteux (galactocèle de Vidal) et renfermant de petits êtres vermiformes que l’on peut considérer comme les helminthes hèmatoïdes à l’étatd’embryon.

Description of the embryonic stage of Wuchereria bancrofti in hydrocele fluid.

GMN 5344.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6770

1864 HARLEY, John (1833 – 1921)

On the endemic haematuria of the Cape of Good Hope.

Like Cobbold, Harley expressed the view that a mollusc was the intermediate host in bilharziasis.

GMN 5344.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6777

1868 WUCHERER, Otto Eduard Heinrich (1820 – 1873)

Noticiar preliminar sobre vermes de uma especie ainda nao descripta, encontrados na urina de doentes de hematuria intertropical no Brazil.

In 1866 Wucherer saw the embryo form of the filaria worm. Later the name Wuchereria bancrofti was applied to it. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1).

GMN 5344.6 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6781

1869 –1870 FEDCHENKO, Alexei Pavlovich (Aleksei FEDTSCHENKO) (1844 – 1873)

On the structure and reproduction of Filaria medinensis L.

Fedchenko, a Russian naturalist and explorer of central Asia, elucidated the life cycle of Dracunculus medinensis, the parasite of dracunculiasis. He discovered its means of transmission via copepod intermediate hosts…

GMN 5344.7 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8616

1871 LEWIS, Timothy Richards (1841 – 1886)

On a haemotozoon inhabiting human blood. Its relation to chyluria and other diseases.

Independently of Demarquay (No. 5344.3) and Wucherer (No. 5344.6), Lewis found microfilariae in the urine and blood in chyluria. He was first to use the term Filaria sanguinis hominis for the parasite.

GMN 5344.8 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6785

1875 MCCONNELL, James Frederick Parry (1848 – 1896)

Remarks on the anatomy and pathological relations of a new species of liver fluke.

First complete description of Chlonorchis sinensis.

GMN 5344.9 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6786

1875 O’NEILL, John

On the presence of a Filaria in “craw-craw”.

In 1874, while examining skin snips from craw-craw patients in Ghana, during his service on the H. M. S. Decoy, the Irish surgeon O’Neill discovered the subcutaneous microfilaria. This was the earliest known visual id…

GMN 5344.10 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6790

1876 NORMOND, Louis Alexis (1834 – 1885)

Sur la maladie dite diarrhée de Cochinchine.

Normond found Strongyloides stercoralis, the causal parasite in strongyloidiasis. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1).

GMN 5344.11 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6792

1877 MANSON, Sir Patrick (1844 – 1922)

Filaria sanguinis hominis.

GMN 5345 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6795

1877 MANSON, Sir Patrick (1844 – 1922)

Further observations on Filaria sanguinis hominis.

Manson showed that Wuchereria bancrofti, the cause of filarial elephantiasis in man, develops in, and is transmitted by, the Culex mosquito. This was the first proof that infective diseases are spread by animal vector…

GMN 5345.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6800

1877 LEWIS, Timothy Richards (1841 – 1886)

Filiaria sanguinis hominis - mature form.

Lewis made the critical connection/association of the worm, Filaria sanguinis,(Wuchereria bancrofti ) to Elephantiasis. This brief account appears to be a third person account summarizing Lewis's work written by an ed…

GMN 10787 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12983

1878 BANCROFT, Joseph (1836 – 1894)

Cases of filarious disease.

Discovery (1876) of Wuchereria bancrofti. Bancroft’s first report on this was in the form of a letter to T. S. Cobbold, who published it in Lancet, 1877, 2, 70-71.

GMN 5346 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6802

1878 GRASSI, Giovanni Battista (1854 – 1925); ET AL

Intornoall’Anchilostoma duodenale (Dubini).

Fecal diagnosis of hookworm disease. Before this time hookworm had been diagnosed only post mortem. With C. Parona and E. Parona. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1).

GMN 5357 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6952

1879 BOZZOLO, Camillo (1845 – 1920)

L’anchilostomiasi e l’anemia che ne conseguita (anchilostomanemia).

Introduction of thymol as a hookworm vermifuge.

GMN 5358 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6955

1879 MANSON, Sir Patrick (1844 – 1922)

Additional notes on filaria sanguinis hominis and filiaria disease.

On p. 36 of this paper Manson first described nocturnal periodicity in Filaria Bancrofti, an adaptation to the nocturnal biting habits of their mosquito vector. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpr…

GMN 11248 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13445

1880 BÄLZ, Erwin Otto Eduard von (1849 – 1933)

Ueber parasitäre Hämoptoë (Gregarinosis pulmonum).

Description of the ova of Paragonimus (which Baelz named Gregarina pulmonalis) and its relationship to endemic hemoptysis. Translation in Kean (No. 2268.1), p. 602.

GMN 5346.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6804

1880 MANSON, Sir Patrick (1844 – 1922)

Distoma ringeri.

Manson made a fundamental contribution to knowledge on paragonimiasis with his description of its etiology and of the parasite. He named it Distoma ringeri after Dr. Ringer, who recovered it from the lung at necropsy;…

GMN 5346.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6808

1884 MANSON, Sir Patrick (1844 – 1922)

The metamorphosis of Filaria sanguinis hominis in the mosquito.

Manson reported that the changes he had observed in ingested filariae took place in the mosquito thorax, not in the stomach as previously thought.

GMN 5346.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6810

1885 THOMAS, John Davies (1844 – 1893)

Notes upon the experimental breeding of Taenia echinococcus in the dog from the echinococci of man.

Thomas succeeded in transmitting Taenia echinococcus to the dog from human sources.

GMN 5347 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6813

1886 WUCHERER, Otto Eduard Heinrich (1820 – 1873)

Sobre a molestia vulgarmente denominada oppilaçao ou cançaço.

Wucherer confirmed Griesinger’s conclusion that the cause of tropical anemia was hookworm infestation. See also the same journal, 1869, 3, 170-72, 183-84, 198-200. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1).

GMN 5356 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6947

1886 LEIDY, Joseph (1823 – 1891)

Remarks on parasites and scorpions.

Leidy found the hookworm in the cat and suggested that it might also be found in man as a cause of pernicious anemia.

GMN 5359 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6959

1893 BLICKHAHN, Walter L. (1862 – )

A case of ankylostomiasis.

First recognition of ankylostomiasis in America. It had previously been reported and described under various names.

GMN 5360 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6963

1895 ROBERTSON, Douglas Moray Cooper Lamb Argyll (1837 – 1909)

Case of Filaria loa in which the parasite was removed from under the conjunctiva.

First detailed description of Loa loa. See also Trans. ophthal. Soc. U.K., 1897, 17, 227-32. Robertson first briefly mentioned this procedure and the Loa Loa worm in a brief article written for him by the editor of La…

GMN 5347.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6817

1896 LOOSS, Arthur (1861 – 1923)

Notizen zur Helminthologie Aegyptens. Die Lebensgeschichte des Anchylostomum duodenale (Dub.).

Looss elucidated the life cycle and mode of transmission of the hookworm. See also No. 5365. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1).

GMN 5361 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6968

1898 BROWN, Thomas Richardson (1872 – 1950)

Studies on trichinosis, with especial reference to the increase of the eosinophilic cells in the blood and muscle, the origin of these cells and their diagnostic importance.

Brown pointed out the occurrence of eosinophilia in trichinosis. A preliminary communication upon the subject, by W. S. Thayer, was published in C. R. XII Congr. int. Med., Moscou, 1897, 126-31.

GMN 5348 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6821

1900 LOW, George Carmichael (1872 – 1952)

A recent observation on Filaria nocturna in Culex. probable mode of infection of man.

Demonstration of the complete chain of filarial infection from man-to-mosquito-to-man.

GMN 5349 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6825

1901 LOOSS, Arthur (1861 – 1923)

Ueber das Eindringen der Ankylostomalarven in die menschliche Haut.

Looss discovered that hookworms can penetrate the skin; he himself became infected when hookworm culture accidentally spilled on his hands. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1).

GMN 5362 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6971

1902 BENTLEY, Charles Albert (1873 – 1949)

On the causal relationship between “ground itch”, or “pani-ghao”, and the presence of the larvae of the Ankylostoma duodenale in the soil.

While a medical officer in the tea plantations in Assam, India, Bentley demonstrated the mode of entry of Ankylostoma into the body.

GMN 5362.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6980

1902 STILES, Charles Wardell (1867 – 1941)

A new species of hookworm (Uncinaria americana) parasitic in man.

Discovery of the American species of hookworm, afterward re-named Necator americanus. It was later believed to have originated in Africa, being brought over by slaves.

GMN 5363 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6986

1902 STILES, Charles Wardell (1867 – 1941)

The significance of recent American cases of hookworm disease (Uncinariasis or Anchylostomiasis) in man.

In this paper Stiles fully characterized and extensively illustrated the American hookworm parasite that he first described in No. 5363. This species and the Schistosoma are the pathogenic organisms that can penetrate…

GMN 12114 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14323

1904 KATSURADA, Fujiro (1867 – 1946)

The aetiology of a parasitic disease (in Japanese)

First description of Schistosoma japonicum. Translation in Kean (No. 2368.1), p. 518.

GMN 5349.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6829